Toxins Removal and Inflammatory State modulAtion During Online Hemodiafiltration: Comparison of Two Different Dialyzers

NCT ID: NCT04554498

Last Updated: 2021-03-17

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

16 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-01-01

Study Completion Date

2024-05-01

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The primary goal of the study is to evaluate in patients on three times a week on-line HDF the efficacy, in terms of toxin removal and modulation of the inflammatory state, of two different dialyzers: Helixone versus Asimmetric cellulose triacetate (ATA).

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a significantly increased cardiovascular mortality rate compared to the general population.

According to the USRDS (United States Renal Data System), in 2017 the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the United States was 65.8% in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), compared to 31.9% of the subjects with stable renal function (https://www.usrds.org/2017/view/v1\_04.aspx).

In the natural history of nephropathy, besides the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, an increasingly important role is played by the nontraditional factors related to uremia and dialysis treatment, namely anemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, malnutrition, hyperparathyroidism, electrolyte imbalance, and above all chronic inflammatory state and oxidative stress. The main components of dialysis-related inflammatory response include neutrophil and monocyte activation, cytokine release, oxidative stress with production of free radicals, lipid and protein oxidation, and alterations in blood redox state.

There is much evidence to indicate that ESRD patients, especially those on dialysis, are exposed to increased oxidative and carbonyl stress, that cause chemical modifications of proteins and accumulation of AGEs (advanced glycation end products).

The formation of AGEs occurs through Maillard reaction, a non-enzymatic glycation of peptide amino groups, resulting in protein structural and functional alteration and production of reactive carbonyl species .

Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between the levels of tissue AGEs and the development of various complications, since the accumulation of AGEs constitutes an index of hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. The activation and up-regulation of the AGE receptors, including the main one RAGE (AGE Receptor), leads to the initiation of inflammatory cascades involved in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and endothelial dysfunction, and lastly in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. AGEs are also related to the thickening of the intima-media tunica of the carotid arteries, considered a marker of arteriosclerosis, as clinically confirmed by the close relationship between coronary artery disease and atherosclerotic complications in diabetes and renal failure.

Besides AGEs, a huge pattern of protein-bound toxins and of middle molecular weight uremic toxins are known to contribute to the uremic syndrome in terms of cardiovascular complications, inflammation and fibrosis . Concerning protein-bound uremic toxins, p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate have received considerable attention recently. Among middle molecules, B2M, free light chains and FGF23 have been identified as markers of disease progression and mortality in CKD and hemodialysis.

Furthermore, the activation of leukocytes, both in response to the exposure to dialysis membranes and as a consequence of the retrotransportation of substances that promote the expression of cytokines from the dialysate, increases the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6.

The biocompatibility and flow properties of the different filters can influence the inflammatory and oxidative response to dialysis and the levels of oxidized molecules. In general, short-term dialysis with high-flow membranes has been shown to decrease plasma levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins, regardless of the filter material.

Nonetheless, the introduction of high-flux membranes, which increased clearance of middle molecules, appears to be inadequate to improve patient survival, as reported by two major randomized trials, the HEMO study \[24\] and the MPO study.

The use of on-line HDF, that combines convective and diffusive solute removal, can counterbalance the rapid decrease of middle molecule diffusion obtained with high flux hemodialysis. The integration of diffusion with convection allows a more modest sieving coefficient decrease for middle molecular weight solutes. To date, evidence from four randomized controlled trials on HDF suggests, although not definitely, that HDF with convection volumes \>20 L results in better patient outcomes .

Moreover, a correlation of the membrane typology with inflammation and oxidative stress in the medium-long term was found in patients undergoing chronic dialysis treatment. A prospective study in a cohort of 50 patients who started hemodialysis with a high-flux polysulfone membrane (HF80 series, Fresenius Medical Care, St. Wendel, Germany) evaluated the variation of the inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. The results showed significantly increased circulating levels of IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) and higher carbonylation rate in dialysis patients compared to healthy controls in the first year of observation, and this trend was maintained in the following 12 months.

Successive studies investigated the long-term effects on inflammation and oxidative stress of dialysis with Helixone (Fresenius Medical Care), another type of high-flux polysulfone membrane designed to maximize the clearance of uremic toxins of average molecular weight (\> 500 Daltons, Da) compared to conventional high-flux membranes. The introduction of changes as reduced hollow fiber wall thickness (≈35 μm), smaller inner diameter (≈185 μm) and higher average pore size (≈3.3 nm) has improved the clearance of medium molecular weight molecules, including β2-microglobulin (B2M), limiting the passage of larger molecules like albumin, without significant effects on inflammatory parameters .

The features of synthetic membranes related their chemical composition and the asymmetric structure of the fibers make them preferable for new highly-convective therapies, such as high-volume hemodiafiltration (HDF), only partially allowed with cellulose.

However, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and modified cellulose membranes remain the best option for the patients with hypersensitivity reactions to synthetic fibers. Although synthetic membranes, including those based on polysulfone, have a lower risk of hypersensitization than non-biocompatible ones (such as Cuprophane), in some cases adverse reactions have been reported, plausibly due to the contact between the dialyzer itself with plasma proteins and platelets.

Moreover, the choice of polysulfone membranes has been proven to affect the intracellular and serum levels of bisphenol A (BPA, molecular weight 228.3 kDa), a ubiquitous environmental toxicant found in plastic food and beverage containers, as well as in some dialyzers, with several detrimental effects. BPA is considered an endocrine-disrupting chemical that acts mainly as a female hormone: it is associated with reproductive dysfunction, immune abnormality and increased incidence of cancer. Patients on hemodialysis are a high-risk population for BPA overload, because the normal urinary elimination of the conjugated molecule decreases with low renal function. For these reasons, BPA can be thought as a uremic toxin, similarly to p-cresol, and a particular attention should be given to BPA-containing medical devices, including dialysis membranes.

Mas et al. compared BPA-free and BPA-containing dialyzers in 72 patients under on-line HDF, using a prospective 9-month, crossover study design. BPA-free dialyzers determined a greater long-term decrease in BPA levels compared to BPA-containing dialyzers, although at three months the difference was not significant. This may be due to the use of the on-line HDF technique that has been related to lower BPA levels than conventional hemodialysis.

Recently, a new generation filter in asymmetric triacetate (ATA) has been introduced, born from a technology that combines the requirements of synthetic membranes for the possibility of being used with high-volume HDF and the advantages of natural fibers (cellulose) in terms of reduced allergic reactions.

These novel ATA membranes have been demonstrated to achieve satisfactory Kt and convection volume, with good biocompatibility and inflammatory profiles, indicating them as a valuable option for patients allergic to synthetic membranes under HDF treatment.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Hemodialysis Complication Inflammation Uremic; Toxemia

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Hemodiafiltration with ATA filter

patients with clinical history of hypersensitivity to polisulfone/poliethersulfone dialysis filters or hypersensitivity to drugs or generic allergens.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

1) high flux hemodiafiltration thrice -weekly during a 24 month follow-up

Intervention Type DEVICE

1. the comparison of the effects of the two membranes on the serum levels of albumin, B2M, CRP, myoglobin, light chains, retinol binding protein, homocysteine, p-cresol, indoxyl sulfate, BPA, alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M), FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23), and inflammatory cytokines;
2. the evaluation of the changes induced by the two filters on lymphocyte subsets, monocyte activation and senescence, and apoptosis rate;
3. the definition of the impact of the two membranes on the accumulation of AGEs as an index of metabolic and oxidative stress, determined by a non-invasive method based on the measurement of skin autofluorescence through a dedicated device (AGE Reader, DiagnOptics Technologies BV, Groningen, Netherlands).

Hemodiafiltration with Helixone filter

no history of hypersensitivity to polisulfone/poliethersulfone dialysis filters is assessed; no history of hypersensitivity to drugs or generic allergens is assessed.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

1) high flux hemodiafiltration thrice -weekly during a 24 month follow-up

Intervention Type DEVICE

1. the comparison of the effects of the two membranes on the serum levels of albumin, B2M, CRP, myoglobin, light chains, retinol binding protein, homocysteine, p-cresol, indoxyl sulfate, BPA, alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M), FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23), and inflammatory cytokines;
2. the evaluation of the changes induced by the two filters on lymphocyte subsets, monocyte activation and senescence, and apoptosis rate;
3. the definition of the impact of the two membranes on the accumulation of AGEs as an index of metabolic and oxidative stress, determined by a non-invasive method based on the measurement of skin autofluorescence through a dedicated device (AGE Reader, DiagnOptics Technologies BV, Groningen, Netherlands).

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

1) high flux hemodiafiltration thrice -weekly during a 24 month follow-up

1. the comparison of the effects of the two membranes on the serum levels of albumin, B2M, CRP, myoglobin, light chains, retinol binding protein, homocysteine, p-cresol, indoxyl sulfate, BPA, alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M), FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23), and inflammatory cytokines;
2. the evaluation of the changes induced by the two filters on lymphocyte subsets, monocyte activation and senescence, and apoptosis rate;
3. the definition of the impact of the two membranes on the accumulation of AGEs as an index of metabolic and oxidative stress, determined by a non-invasive method based on the measurement of skin autofluorescence through a dedicated device (AGE Reader, DiagnOptics Technologies BV, Groningen, Netherlands).

Intervention Type DEVICE

Other Intervention Names

Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.

2) assessment of uremic toxins, inflammation and effects of patients sera in culture of endothelial cells 3) Body impedance analysis by means of Electro fluid graph (EFG®, Akern, Pontassieve, Italia) 4) Measurement of AGEs accumulation through skin autofluorescence. (AGE Reader, DiagnOptics Technologies BV)

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Patients with chronic renal failure under periodic standard bicarbonate hemodialysis;
* Three times a week dialysis session;
* Residual diuresis \<200 mL/day;
* Age \>18 years;
* Vascular access for hemodialysis with blood flow \>250 mL/minute;
* Need of on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF) for signs of middle molecules intoxication (e.g. B2M \>30 mg/L, peripheral neuropathy, cardiovascular comorbidities) or for intradialytic hypotension.

Exclusion Criteria

* Acute coronary syndrome;
* Acute hemorrage;
* Enrollment in another study protocol;
* Active infection;
* Malignancy;
* Inability to provide written signed consent to participate in the study.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

University of Bologna

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Gabriele Donati

Principal investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Gaetano La Manna, Prof

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

StOrsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplantatio Unit, StOrsola University Hospital

Bologna, , Italy

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Italy

Central Contacts

Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.

Gaetano La Manna

Role: CONTACT

+390512144577

Facility Contacts

Find local site contact details for specific facilities participating in the trial.

Gabriele Donati, M.D., Ph. D

Role: primary

+390512144054

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

O'Lone E, Viecelli AK, Craig JC, Tong A, Sautenet B, Roy D, Herrington WG, Herzog CA, Jafar T, Jardine M, Krane V, Levin A, Malyszko J, Rocco MV, Strippoli G, Tonelli M, Wang AYM, Wanner C, Zannad F, Winkelmayer WC, Webster AC, Wheeler DC. Cardiovascular Outcomes Reported in Hemodialysis Trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Jun 19;71(24):2802-2810. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.012.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29903353 (View on PubMed)

Longenecker JC, Coresh J, Powe NR, Levey AS, Fink NE, Martin A, Klag MJ. Traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors in dialysis patients compared with the general population: the CHOICE Study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002 Jul;13(7):1918-27. doi: 10.1097/01.asn.0000019641.41496.1e.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12089389 (View on PubMed)

Kendrick J, Chonchol MB. Nontraditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2008 Dec;4(12):672-81. doi: 10.1038/ncpneph0954. Epub 2008 Sep 30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18825155 (View on PubMed)

Zoccali C. Cardiovascular risk in uraemic patients-is it fully explained by classical risk factors? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000 Apr;15(4):454-7. doi: 10.1093/ndt/15.4.454. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10727537 (View on PubMed)

Georgatzakou HT, Tzounakas VL, Kriebardis AG, Velentzas AD, Kokkalis AC, Antonelou MH, Papassideri IS. Short-term effects of hemodiafiltration versus conventional hemodialysis on erythrocyte performance. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 Mar;96(3):249-257. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0285. Epub 2017 Aug 30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28854342 (View on PubMed)

Himmelfarb J, McMenamin E, McMonagle E. Plasma aminothiol oxidation in chronic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2002 Feb;61(2):705-16. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00151.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11849414 (View on PubMed)

McIntyre NJ, Fluck RJ, McIntyre CW, Taal MW. Skin autofluorescence and the association with renal and cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease stage 3. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Oct;6(10):2356-63. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02420311. Epub 2011 Sep 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21885790 (View on PubMed)

Kimura H, Tanaka K, Kanno M, Watanabe K, Hayashi Y, Asahi K, Suzuki H, Sato K, Sakaue M, Terawaki H, Nakayama M, Miyata T, Watanabe T. Skin autofluorescence predicts cardiovascular mortality in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Ther Apher Dial. 2014 Oct;18(5):461-7. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.12160. Epub 2014 Jan 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24456287 (View on PubMed)

Wautier JL, Schmidt AM. Protein glycation: a firm link to endothelial cell dysfunction. Circ Res. 2004 Aug 6;95(3):233-8. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000137876.28454.64.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15297385 (View on PubMed)

Hangai M, Takebe N, Honma H, Sasaki A, Chida A, Nakano R, Togashi H, Nakagawa R, Oda T, Matsui M, Yashiro S, Nagasawa K, Kajiwara T, Takahashi K, Takahashi Y, Satoh J, Ishigaki Y. Association of Advanced Glycation End Products with coronary Artery Calcification in Japanese Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes as Assessed by Skin Autofluorescence. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2016 Oct 1;23(10):1178-1187. doi: 10.5551/jat.30155. Epub 2016 Mar 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26961217 (View on PubMed)

Wang CC, Wang YC, Wang GJ, Shen MY, Chang YL, Liou SY, Chen HC, Chang CT. Skin Autofluorescence Is Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction in Uremic Subjects on Hemodialysis. PLoS One. 2016 Jan 25;11(1):e0147771. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147771. eCollection 2016.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26809145 (View on PubMed)

Hofmann B, Jacobs K, Navarrete Santos A, Wienke A, Silber RE, Simm A. Relationship between cardiac tissue glycation and skin autofluorescence in patients with coronary artery disease. Diabetes Metab. 2015 Nov;41(5):410-5. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.12.001. Epub 2014 Dec 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25553578 (View on PubMed)

Vanholder R, Pletinck A, Schepers E, Glorieux G. Biochemical and Clinical Impact of Organic Uremic Retention Solutes: A Comprehensive Update. Toxins (Basel). 2018 Jan 8;10(1):33. doi: 10.3390/toxins10010033.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29316724 (View on PubMed)

Gryp T, Vanholder R, Vaneechoutte M, Glorieux G. p-Cresyl Sulfate. Toxins (Basel). 2017 Jan 29;9(2):52. doi: 10.3390/toxins9020052.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28146081 (View on PubMed)

Hung SC, Kuo KL, Wu CC, Tarng DC. Indoxyl Sulfate: A Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Feb 7;6(2):e005022. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.005022. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28174171 (View on PubMed)

Liabeuf S, Lenglet A, Desjardins L, Neirynck N, Glorieux G, Lemke HD, Vanholder R, Diouf M, Choukroun G, Massy ZA; European Uremic Toxin Work Group (EUTox). Plasma beta-2 microglobulin is associated with cardiovascular disease in uremic patients. Kidney Int. 2012 Dec;82(12):1297-303. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.301. Epub 2012 Aug 15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22895515 (View on PubMed)

Desjardins L, Liabeuf S, Lenglet A, Lemke HD, Vanholder R, Choukroun G, Massy ZA; European Uremic Toxin (EUTox) Work Group. Association between free light chain levels, and disease progression and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Toxins (Basel). 2013 Nov 8;5(11):2058-73. doi: 10.3390/toxins5112058.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24217396 (View on PubMed)

Gutierrez OM, Mannstadt M, Isakova T, Rauh-Hain JA, Tamez H, Shah A, Smith K, Lee H, Thadhani R, Juppner H, Wolf M. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and mortality among patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 2008 Aug 7;359(6):584-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0706130.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18687639 (View on PubMed)

Menegatti E, Rossi D, Chiara M, Alpa M, Sena LM, Roccatello D. Cytokine release pathway in mononuclear cells stimulated in vitro by dialysis membranes. Am J Nephrol. 2002 Sep-Dec;22(5-6):509-14. doi: 10.1159/000065288.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12381952 (View on PubMed)

Memoli B, Postiglione L, Cianciaruso B, Bisesti V, Cimmaruta C, Marzano L, Minutolo R, Cuomo V, Guida B, Andreucci M, Rossi G. Role of different dialysis membranes in the release of interleukin-6-soluble receptor in uremic patients. Kidney Int. 2000 Jul;58(1):417-24. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00181.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10886590 (View on PubMed)

Walker RJ, Sutherland WH, De Jong SA. Effect of changing from a cellulose acetate to a polysulphone dialysis membrane on protein oxidation and inflammation markers. Clin Nephrol. 2004 Mar;61(3):198-206. doi: 10.5414/cnp61198.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15077871 (View on PubMed)

Furuta M, Kuragano T, Kida A, Kitamura R, Nanami M, Otaki Y, Nonoguchi H, Matsumoto A, Nakanishi T. A crossover study of the acrylonitrile-co-methallyl sulfonate and polysulfone membranes for elderly hemodialysis patients: the effect on hemodynamic, nutritional, and inflammatory conditions. ASAIO J. 2011 Jul-Aug;57(4):293-9. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0b013e31821796f1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21499075 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

596/2019/Oss/AOUBo

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.

HFR Cartridge and Inflammation
NCT01865773 COMPLETED NA