Effectiveness of Nebulized Dexmedetomidine for Treatment of Obstetric Post-Dural Puncture Headache

NCT ID: NCT04327726

Last Updated: 2021-05-12

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

43 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-05-01

Study Completion Date

2021-02-28

Brief Summary

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Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication, following neuraxial techniques. The obstetric population is particularly prone to PDPH. Therefore, treatment of PDPH is a key issue in obstetric anesthesia.

Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective, centrally acting α2-adrenergic agonist with analgesic and anxiolytic effects. Moreover, it decreases cerebral blood flow (CBF) in humans and animals secondary to cerebrovascular vasoconstriction. It has been used via the intranasal and inhalational routes for many purposes including premedication, sedation and postoperative analgesia. Because of its desirable properties, we hypothesized that dexmedetomidine nebulization could be effective in the treatment of patients suffering from PDPH after caesarean section.

Detailed Description

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Post-Dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a well-known common devastating complication of subarachnoid block. Despite the decreasing incidences of PDPH over the last years due to the advancement in the design and smaller size of spinal needles, PDPH remains to be a common complication in post-partum patients. Female gender, typically pregnant females, young age, low body mass index, dilutional anemia, and the preference of neuraxial anesthesia for Cesarean Section renders obstetric patients to be more exposed to PDPH. Consequently, treating this complication is of paramount importance in obstetric anesthesia.

The cause of PDPH is not entirely known but there is a considerable evidence support the explanation of the low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure resulting from continuous CSF leak through the tear in meninges that exceeds the CSF production rate as a main cause of PDPH. As little as 10% CSF volume loss could induce PDPH from the traction on the pain sensitive intracranial structures in the upright position combined with reflex vasodilatation. Several treatment options have been proposed which are usually consisting of bed rest in supine position, fluid therapy, analgesics, sumatriptan and caffeine. Epidural blood patch remained the gold standard therapy but it is an invasive technique.

Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a highly selective centrally acting α2-adrenoreceptor agonist that produces cooperative sedation, anxiolysis, and analgesia with minimal respiratory depression. Moreover it was found to attenuate the stress and inflammatory response to anesthetic and surgical procedures. Stimulation of α2-receptors in substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal horn leads to suppression of nociceptive neurons firing and inhibition of substance-P release also, its stimulation in the locus coeruleus area which is known to be a significant nociceptive transmission modulator terminates pain signals transmission resulting in analgesia. Additionally, an existing literature supports that Dex decreases cerebral blood flow (CBF) in humans and animals secondary to cerebrovascular vasoconstriction. Thus, the use of Dex might be a useful adjunct in certain situations that require cerebral vasoconstriction together with analgesia such as PDPH. The present study will be undertaken to test this hypothesis.

Conditions

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Post-Dural Puncture Headache

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Investigators Outcome Assessors
Participants will not be aware of their group assignment, and the medications will be prepared by an anesthetist who is not involved in the study. The anesthetist who will assess the participants after the intervention is blinded to the group allocation and single experienced operator who is unaware of patient group and study purpose will perform all Trans-Cranial Doppler (TCD) measurements.

Study Groups

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Control group

received ultrasonic nebulization of 4mL 0.9% saline twice daily for 3 days

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

0.9% Saline Nebulization

Intervention Type OTHER

nebulization of 4mL 0.9% saline

Dexmedetomidine group

received ultrasonic nebulization of 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine diluted in 4mL 0.9% saline twice daily for 3 days. The intervention will be continued until achieving a VAS score ≤3 and Lybecker et al. classification score \<2 and or for a maximum of 72 hours. Patients in this group who achieved the target scores before 72 hours will be given 4ml of saline 0.9% nebulization to maintain blinding.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Dexmedetomidine Nebulization

Intervention Type DRUG

ultrasonic nebulization of 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine for PDPH treatment

Interventions

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Dexmedetomidine Nebulization

ultrasonic nebulization of 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine for PDPH treatment

Intervention Type DRUG

0.9% Saline Nebulization

nebulization of 4mL 0.9% saline

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Post-partum females diagnosed with PDPH after elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia and with visual analogue score (VAS) ≥ 4 and Lybecker et al. classification score ≥2.
* Age 21- 40 years old.
* ASA I and ASA II.
* Accepted mental state of the patient.

Exclusion Criteria

* Patient refusal.
* ASA Grade III and IV.
* Emergent caesarean section.
* Inadequate temporal window.
* Hypertensive disorders of the pregnancy.
* Atrial fibrillation.
* History of allergy to local anesthetics.
* History of chronic headache, migraine, convulsions, and cerebrovascular accident.
* Contraindication to spinal anesthesia: coagulopathy, infection at site of injection
Minimum Eligible Age

21 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

40 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Zagazig University

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Sherif M. S. Mowafy

Lecturer of anesthesia and surgical intensive care

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Sherif M Mowafy, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University

Shereen E Abd Ellatif, MD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University

Locations

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Zagazig University Hospitals

Zagazig, Sharqia Province, Egypt

Site Status

Countries

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Egypt

References

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Sachs A, Smiley R. Post-dural puncture headache: the worst common complication in obstetric anesthesia. Semin Perinatol. 2014 Oct;38(6):386-94. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2014.07.007. Epub 2014 Aug 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25146108 (View on PubMed)

Bardon J, LE Ray C, Samama CM, Bonnet MP. Risk factors of post-dural puncture headache receiving a blood patch in obstetric patients. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016 Jun;82(6):641-8. Epub 2015 Jul 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26222393 (View on PubMed)

FitzGerald S, Salman M. Postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients. Br J Gen Pract. 2019 Apr;69(681):207-208. doi: 10.3399/bjgp19X702125. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30923161 (View on PubMed)

Shah A, Bhatia PK, Tulsiani KL. Post dural puncture headache in caesarean section-a comparative study using 25G Quincke, 27G Quincke and 27G Whitacre needle. Indian J Anaesth 2002; 46(5):373-377.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Turnbull DK, Shepherd DB. Post-dural puncture headache: pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. Br J Anaesth. 2003 Nov;91(5):718-29. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeg231.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14570796 (View on PubMed)

Amorim JA, Gomes de Barros MV, Valenca MM. Post-dural (post-lumbar) puncture headache: risk factors and clinical features. Cephalalgia. 2012 Sep;32(12):916-23. doi: 10.1177/0333102412453951. Epub 2012 Jul 27.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22843225 (View on PubMed)

Uyar Turkyilmaz E, Eryilmaz NC, Guzey NA, Moraloglu O. [Bilateral greater occipital nerve block for treatment of post-dural puncture headache after caesarean operations]. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2016 Sep-Oct;66(5):445-50. doi: 10.1016/j.bjan.2015.12.001. Epub 2016 Jul 18. Portuguese.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27445257 (View on PubMed)

Tsaousi GG, Bilotta F. Is dexmedetomidine a favorable agent for cerebral hemodynamics? Indian J Crit Care Med. 2016 Jan;20(1):1-2. doi: 10.4103/0972-5229.173675. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26955209 (View on PubMed)

Tang C, Huang X, Kang F, Chai X, Wang S, Yin G, Wang H, Li J. Intranasal Dexmedetomidine on Stress Hormones, Inflammatory Markers, and Postoperative Analgesia after Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Mediators Inflamm. 2015;2015:939431. doi: 10.1155/2015/939431. Epub 2015 Jun 25.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26199465 (View on PubMed)

Jaakola ML, Salonen M, Lehtinen R, Scheinin H. The analgesic action of dexmedetomidine--a novel alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist--in healthy volunteers. Pain. 1991 Sep;46(3):281-285. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90111-A.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 1684653 (View on PubMed)

Gertler R, Brown HC, Mitchell DH, Silvius EN. Dexmedetomidine: a novel sedative-analgesic agent. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2001 Jan;14(1):13-21. doi: 10.1080/08998280.2001.11927725.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16369581 (View on PubMed)

Gerlach AT, Dasta JF. Dexmedetomidine: an updated review. Ann Pharmacother. 2007 Feb;41(2):245-52. doi: 10.1345/aph.1H314. Epub 2007 Feb 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17299013 (View on PubMed)

Drummond JC, Dao AV, Roth DM, Cheng CR, Atwater BI, Minokadeh A, Pasco LC, Patel PM. Effect of dexmedetomidine on cerebral blood flow velocity, cerebral metabolic rate, and carbon dioxide response in normal humans. Anesthesiology. 2008 Feb;108(2):225-32. doi: 10.1097/01.anes.0000299576.00302.4c.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18212567 (View on PubMed)

Kumar A, Kumar A, Sinha C, Anant M, Singh JK. Dexmedetomidine nebulization: an answer to post-dural puncture headache? Int J Obstet Anesth. 2019 Nov;40:155-156. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.06.004. Epub 2019 Jun 19. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31345663 (View on PubMed)

Lybecker H, Djernes M, Schmidt JF. Postdural puncture headache (PDPH): onset, duration, severity, and associated symptoms. An analysis of 75 consecutive patients with PDPH. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1995 Jul;39(5):605-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1995.tb04135.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7572008 (View on PubMed)

Bathala L, Mehndiratta MM, Sharma VK. Transcranial doppler: Technique and common findings (Part 1). Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2013 Apr;16(2):174-9. doi: 10.4103/0972-2327.112460.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23956559 (View on PubMed)

Mowafy SMS, Ellatif SEA. Effectiveness of nebulized dexmedetomidine for treatment of post-dural puncture headache in parturients undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled study. J Anesth. 2021 Aug;35(4):515-524. doi: 10.1007/s00540-021-02944-6. Epub 2021 May 16.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 33993346 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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6075-26-4-2020

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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