The Direct Oral Anticoagulation Versus Vitamin K Antagonist After Cardiac Surgery Trial

NCT ID: NCT04284839

Last Updated: 2025-09-29

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

3500 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-07-18

Study Completion Date

2027-06-30

Brief Summary

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The DANCE Trial is a multi-centre, randomized controlled trial comparing the safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in the early period (30 days) after cardiac surgery in patients with atrial fibrillation requiring oral anticoagulation.

Detailed Description

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Approximately 36,000 Canadian adults undergo cardiac surgery annually. Of these patients, about 10% have a prior history of atrial fibrillation (AF). In the early post-operative period after cardiac surgery, 30-60% of patients develop AF and, by the time of discharge, 32% of patients who underwent cardiac surgery have an indication for oral anticoagulation (OAC). AF is associated with a significantly higher risk of stroke, even when transient, and OAC is the standard for thromboembolic prevention in these patients. In the post-operative period, the balance of benefits and risks of OAC may differ and the safest and most effective OAC in that patient population is uncertain.

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), such as warfarin or coumadin, are the most used anticoagulants after cardiac surgery. In the Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study (LAAOS) III that recruited 4811 patients from 105 centres in 27 countries, 77% of patients with AF on OAC were discharged on a VKA after cardiac surgery. Among patients taking a DOAC preoperatively, 55% were switched to a VKA after surgery. Over the first post-operative year, most of those patients were gradually transitioned back to a DOAC. Although effective, the use of VKAs is limited by a narrow therapeutic index requiring frequent international normalized ratio (INR) measurements to ensure appropriate levels of anticoagulation. This key limitation leads to non-compliance and discontinuation. In addition, in the first 3 months after cardiac surgery, time in the therapeutic range is low, even with close monitoring by experienced prescribers.

In the last decade, DOACs - inhibitors of factor Xa or thrombin- have become broadly used in patients with AF. Treatment with a DOAC in patients with AF has been demonstrated to yield a lower risk of stroke or systemic embolism and a similar risk of major bleeding when compared to VKAs during long-term follow-up. Moreover, DOACs are more convenient for both patients and clinicians. They have a rapid onset of effect, fixed dosage that obviates the need for regular monitoring, and few interactions with food and other medications. In the postoperative setting, DOACs may also lead to shorter length of stay and reduced costs.

The purpose of this study is to establish whether DOACs are as safe as VKAs in the first few weeks after heart surgery. The results of this study will impact the treatment of hundreds of thousands of patients in the world every year.

A subset of 910 DANCE participants with a recent bioprosthetic aortic and/or mitral valve replacement will be enrolled in the SUNDANCE substudy (Subclinical valve thrombosis in patients with surgical bioprosthetic valve replacement: An imaging substudy of the DANCE trial). SUNDANCE will examine the effects of DOACs versus VKAs on subclinical valve thrombosis and bioprosthetic valve function by conducting computed tomography (CT) scans and echocardiograms at 60 to 90 days after randomization.

Conditions

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Bleeding Post Cardiac Surgery Indication for Anticoagulation

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Direct Oral Anticoagulation (DOAC)

Patients in the intervention group will receive a DOAC at doses recommended for the indication, adjusted for their renal function is required. The choice of DOAC will be at the discretion of the treating physician.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

DOAC

Intervention Type DRUG

Patients will receive a DOAC at doses recommended for the indication, adjusted for their renal function is required. The choice of DOAC will be at the discretion of the treating physician.

Vitamin K Antagonist

Patients in the control group will receive VKA once daily; the individual dose will be titrated to achieve a guideline-recommended INR range.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

VKA

Intervention Type DRUG

Patients in the control group will receive VKA once daily; the individual dose will be titrated to achieve a guideline-recommended INR range.

Interventions

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DOAC

Patients will receive a DOAC at doses recommended for the indication, adjusted for their renal function is required. The choice of DOAC will be at the discretion of the treating physician.

Intervention Type DRUG

VKA

Patients in the control group will receive VKA once daily; the individual dose will be titrated to achieve a guideline-recommended INR range.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Apixaban Dabigatran Edoxaban Rivaroxaban Warfarin

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Age ≥18 years at the time of enrolment,
2. Open heart surgery in the last 10 days,
3. Atrial fibrillation requiring anticoagulation (including pre-existing or post-operative atrial fibrillation),
4. Informed consent from either the patient or a substitute decision-maker.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Mechanical valve replacement,
2. Antiphospholipid syndrome (triple positive),
3. Severe renal failure (Cockcroft-Gault equation; creatinine clearance \<15 ml/min),
4. Known significant liver disease (Child-Pugh classification B and C),
5. Left ventricular thrombus,
6. Ongoing bleeding, hemorrhagic disorders, or bleeding diathesis,
7. Known contraindication for any DOAC or VKA,
8. Women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or of childbearing potential,
9. Surgery including left ventricular assist device implantation or cardiac transplantation,
10. Previously enrolled in this trial,
11. Follow-up not possible,
12. History of moderate or severe mitral valvular lesion (stenosis or regurgitation) that is not corrected during index cardiac surgery.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Population Health Research Institute

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Emilie Belley-Cote, MD, MSc

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

McMaster University

Locations

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St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne

Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia

Site Status RECRUITING

Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne

Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

University of Alberta Hospital

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

University of British Columbia

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

St. Boniface Hospital

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Saint John Regional Hospital

Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada

Site Status ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Health Science Centre

St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Health Sciences North Research Institute

Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Hamilton General Hospital

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Sunnybrook Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Toronto General Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Montreal Heart Institute

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Hôpital Sacré-Coeur de Montréal

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

IUCPQ-ULaval

Québec, Quebec, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Heart Center Leipzig

Leipzig, Saxony, Germany

Site Status ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

University Hospital Jena

Jena, Thuringia, Germany

Site Status RECRUITING

University Hospital Bonn Heart Center

Bonn, , Germany

Site Status ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

West-German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen

Essen, , Germany

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf

Hamburg, , Germany

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Australia Canada Germany

Central Contacts

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Emilie Belley-Cote, MD, MSc

Role: CONTACT

905-527-4322 ext. 40306

Richard Whitlock, MD, PhD

Role: CONTACT

905-527-4322 ext. 40306

Facility Contacts

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Andrew Newcomb, MD

Role: primary

Alistair Royse, MD

Role: primary

Steven Meyer, MD

Role: primary

Michael Yamashita, MD

Role: primary

Emilie Belley-Cote, MD, MSc

Role: primary

905-527-4322 ext. 40306

Stephen Fremes, MD

Role: primary

Vivek Rao, MD

Role: primary

Philippe Demers, MD

Role: primary

Eric Dumont, MD

Role: primary

Torsten Doenst, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Matthias Thielmann, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Simon Pecha, MD

Role: primary

Other Identifiers

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DANCE-2020

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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