Prevention of Post-Operative Cardiac Arrhythmias

NCT ID: NCT04234906

Last Updated: 2022-03-15

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

870 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-01-31

Study Completion Date

2023-08-31

Brief Summary

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Aim 1: Primary Prevention of Post-operative Cardiac Arrhythmias

1. To evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine vs. the combination of Magnesium Sulfate and dexmedetomidine for the prevention of post-operative cardiac arrhythmias in children and young adults undergoing open heart surgical repair for congenital or acquired heart disease using cardiopulmonary bypass. Dexmedetomidine is currently being administered to almost all patients after coming off cardiopulmonary bypass and in the CICU. For this aim, the investigator will be comparing dexmedetomidine administered alone or in combination with Magnesium Sulfate.
2. To evaluate medication safety based on the frequency of Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Adverse Events (AEs)

Aim 2: Secondary treatment of those Patients that develop a clinically significant arrhythmia despite having received either Dexmedetomidine alone or Magnesium Sulfate with Dexmedetomidine at the time of cardiac surgery

1. To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous (IV) Amiodarone vs. IV Procainamide for the control of postoperative cardiac arrhythmias developing after the failure of Stage 1, Preventative Trial. IV amiodarone and IV procainamide are standardly used treatment agents for the treatment of postoperative cardiac arrhythmias in this setting. The investigator will be assessing the comparative effectiveness of these agents in controlling post-operative cardiac arrhythmias.
2. To evaluate antiarrhythmic medication safety based on the frequency of SAEs and AEs

Detailed Description

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Objective: Postoperative cardiac arrhythmias (POCA) are common in children undergoing congenital heart surgery using the heart-lung machine (cardiopulmonary bypass) and have been reported in 5-38% of patients. The occurrence of arrhythmias frequently delays the patient's postoperative recovery, prolongs Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) and hospital stay, increases costs for hospital care and increases postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Magnesium Sulfate has been one agent used to reduce the occurrence of postoperative arrhythmias. The investigators recently published a propensity-score matched study of the intra-operative administration of Magnesium Sulfate revealing that as many as one-third of pediatric patients at Children's National Hospital undergoing open-heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass have postoperative arrhythmias. The use of intraoperative Magnesium Sulfate was associated with a reduction in the occurrence of postoperative arrhythmias. However, despite the intraoperative use of Magnesium Sulfate there continued to be a fairly high residual occurrence rate of post-operative arrhythmias (total arrhythmia frequency -18%).

Dexmedetomidine has also been showed to reduce the occurrence of POCA and has become the preferred agent used for post-operative sedation and pain control. In several studies reported in the medical literature, dexmedetomidine has been found to decrease the occurrence of POCA, like Magnesium Sulfate.

In this IRB study, the investigator is proposing a clinical study to test if the investigator can further decrease the occurrence of postoperative arrhythmias. The investigator will be studying if Magnesium Sulfate administrated in conjunction with an intravenous anesthetic medication, known as dexmedetomidine, can further decrease the primary occurrence of post-operative arrhythmias. The investigator hypothesizes that the effect achieved with the simultaneous administration of Magnesium Sulfate and dexmedetomidine will be much greater than either medication used alone.

For those patients who fail preventative medical strategies and develop clinical significant post-operative arrhythmias in need of treatment, rescue arrhythmia treatment options include the use of potent anti-arrhythmic medications that can have very dramatic effects on the patient's heart rate and blood pressure (amiodarone or procainamide). Scant published data exists providing us with guidance on the comparative efficacy and safety of these agents in the postoperative cardiac surgical patient. The investigator will compare the efficacy and adverse effects of the two agents in treating clinically significant arrhythmias that occur despite trying to prevent their onset.

Conditions

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Cardiac; Dysrhythmia, Postoperative Congenital Heart Surgery

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

SEQUENTIAL

Two staged, prospective randomized clinical trial:

Stage 1 targets prevention of post-operative arrhythmias.

Stage 2 allows for re-randomization to secondary treatment for those subjects failing Stage 1, i.e. those patients that develop and require treatment of clinically significant post-operative cardiac arrhythmias with antiarrhythmic medication.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Patients will be randomized within each participating center, not by center, into study groups:

Stage 1: Group 1 - Dexmedetomidine vs. Group 2- Magnesium Sulfate + Dexmedetomidine

Stage 2: If clinically significant arrhythmias in need of treatment develop, patients will be randomized to Group 1 - amiodarone vs. procainamide.

Randomization will occur through a module in Redcap.

Study Groups

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Stage 1, Group 1 - Dexmedetomidine

Dexmedetomidine: 1 mcg/kg administered at end of cardiopulmonary bypass, followed by a 0.5 mcg/kg/h infusion for 72 h postoperatively or ready for extubation prior to 72 hour time period

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Dexmedetomidine

Intervention Type DRUG

Dexmedetomidine: 1 mcg/kg administered over 20 min peri-intubation period, followed by a 0.5 mcg/kg/h infusion for 72 h postoperatively or ready for extubation prior to 72 hour time period

Stage 1, Group 2- Magnesium

Magnesium Sulfate (50 mg/kg) bolus administered at the time of Aortic Cross Clamp Release, with continued administration for 72 hours postoperatively at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Magnesium Sulfate

Intervention Type DRUG

Magnesium Sulfate (50 mg/kg) bolus administered at the time of Aortic Cross Clamp Release, with continued administration for 72 hours postoperatively at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day

Stage 2, AMIODARONE

AMIODARONE I V Amiodarone 2.5 mg/kg administered over 30 minutes Second 2.5 mg/kg dose if needed over 30 minutes Continuous Intravenous Infusion 10-15 mg/kg/24 hours

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Amiodarone

Intervention Type DRUG

I V Amiodarone 2.5 mg/kg administered over 30 minutes Second 2.5 mg/kg dose if needed over 30 minutes Continuous Intravenous Infusion 10-15 mg/kg/24 hours

Stage 2, PROCAINAMIDE

PROCAINAMIDE IV Procainamide 10-15 mg/kg administered over 45 minutes Continuous Intravenous Infusion 20-50 mcg/kg/min

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Procainamide

Intervention Type DRUG

IV Procainamide 10-15 mg/kg administered over 45 minutes Continuous Intravenous Infusion 20-50 mcg/kg/min

Interventions

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Dexmedetomidine

Dexmedetomidine: 1 mcg/kg administered over 20 min peri-intubation period, followed by a 0.5 mcg/kg/h infusion for 72 h postoperatively or ready for extubation prior to 72 hour time period

Intervention Type DRUG

Magnesium Sulfate

Magnesium Sulfate (50 mg/kg) bolus administered at the time of Aortic Cross Clamp Release, with continued administration for 72 hours postoperatively at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day

Intervention Type DRUG

Amiodarone

I V Amiodarone 2.5 mg/kg administered over 30 minutes Second 2.5 mg/kg dose if needed over 30 minutes Continuous Intravenous Infusion 10-15 mg/kg/24 hours

Intervention Type DRUG

Procainamide

IV Procainamide 10-15 mg/kg administered over 45 minutes Continuous Intravenous Infusion 20-50 mcg/kg/min

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Precedex Pronestyl

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* 1\) Any infant, child, adolescent, or young adult with congenital or acquired heart disease undergoing open heart surgical repair using cardiopulmonary bypass is eligible to be enrolled in this trial.
* 2\) No age, gender or ethnic group restrictions.

Exclusion Criteria

* 1\) Non-cardiopulmonary bypass repair of a congenital or acquired cardiac defect.
* 2\) Significant pre-operative arrhythmia history
* 3\) Past history of adverse effect to any of the study medication agents
Maximum Eligible Age

35 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Jeffrey Moak

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Jeffrey Moak

Director, Electrophysiology and Pacing, Principle Investigator, Clinical Professor

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Jeffrey Moak

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Children's National Research Institute

Central Contacts

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Jeffrey Moak

Role: CONTACT

2024765707

Robert Lowndes

Role: CONTACT

202-476-4970

References

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Other Identifiers

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Pro00013067

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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