Research Project on Reminders and Self-Sampling Can Increase Participation in Gynecology Cell Sampling - Preventive Examination Against Cervical Cancer.

NCT ID: NCT04061967

Last Updated: 2025-01-14

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

20000 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-08-19

Study Completion Date

2030-06-01

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

Prevention of cervical cancer with cervical screening is one of the most successful screening activities in medicine. In Sweden, screening was implemented in the 1960s and has since prevented tens of thousands of women from having cervical cancer. Individual invitations to screening result in increased attendance therefore evaluating strategies for reaching women through invitations is particularly valuable. Women who regularly attend screening following an invitation reduce their risk of cervical cancer by as much as 90%. Of the women who are diagnosed with cervical cancer (about 550 women per year in Sweden), as many as 38% did not participate in the screening. Invitations for screening are sent to the entire population in Sweden aged 23-70. The current coverage of screening is 82.9%, which represents the proportion of women ages 23-70 who attend according to recommendations. In addition, many women are sporadic attenders who reduce their risk for cancer somewhat. The highest cancer risk is seen among those women who have never participated as well as women who have had a history of precancerous lesions or HPV infection but have not been followed-up. Cervical cancer is the first form of cancer for which there are approved molecular screening tests (HPV test). Unlike the older screening method (cytology), self-collected samples can be analyzed for HPV (the analysis method is so sensitive that it does not matter if the sample is not optimally taken).

Invitations and reminders about cervical screening are sent by letter to the woman's home address (about 3 million letters per year in Sweden). This strategy results in a waste of resources and has a negative environmental impact. Regarding reminders, we have seen in previous research that the effect is not optimal. When sending a physical reminder letter to women who have not participated in more than 10 years (current routine), only 2% of the women invited came for sampling. Reminders with SMS are now standard for many businesses in society, such as car testing or dental appointments. It is inexpensive, saves the environment and there are studies that suggest it is more effective than sending physical letters. In this study, we intend to investigate whether SMS reminders, electronic letters, and physical letters for screening lead to increased participation and thus to a higher proportion of detected, treatable precursors of cervical cancer compared to before.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Non-participation in the cervical screening program and sub-optimal follow-up after abnormalities or infection with a highly oncogenic HPV type detected in screening are the main risk factors for cervical cancer. Given this, It is important to reduce barriers to screening and facilitate participation in the screening program of cervical cancer. Offering self-sampling kits for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has been examined in several research studies as a way to reach women who have not responded to screening invitations. Women who have been lost to follow-up can also be reached with self-sampling.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether SMS reminders and electronic letters for screening attendance will increase participation compared to the current method where reminders are sent out with physical letters. In this study, women a with high risk of developing cervical cancer, due to not fully participating in screening or being followed up optimally, will be invited. Women are identified through registry linkages annually that examine screening history and status using a risk algorithm. Women receive an SMS or an electronic letter with an offer to request a self-sampling kit via the internet. Women with a higher risk for cervical cancer can be offered a self-sampling kit sent directly to their home address. The self-sampling kit comes with an instruction on how to take the sample and a postage-free answer envelope.

Submitted samples are analyzed with an approved and accredited method (Cobas 4800, Roche) that analyzes for HPV 16, HPV18 and other oncogenic HPV types. As the screening program changed the accredited HPV test in 2022 (to BD Onclarity), that test will be used from the timepoint of the change and onwards.

In the pilot of the study, follow-up is defined as follows:

1. For those women who are at the highest risk (previous glandular cell changes without follow-up), all HPV-positive women are referred via SMS directly to a women's clinic for investigation. HPV-negative women in this group have no increased risk and receive a text message with a calming message.
2. Women of an age above the screening program but who have either had a cell change that is not followed up or who have not participated at all in the last 10 years are treated in the same way as in paragraph 1.
3. Finally, the women of screening age who have not taken a cell sample for more than 15 years are identified. This group receive an SMS and HPV-positive women are referred, via SMS, for renewed sampling by a specially trained so-called dysplasia midwife. The sample is now being analyzed for both cytology and HPV. If the woman is HPV positive in both tests and in the case of deviating cytology, the woman is referred to a women's clinic. In other cases a text message with a reassuring message is sent.

The study has the usual level of confidence (p \<0.05 two-sided) and statistical power (80%) the ability to demonstrate an increase of participation by 3 times or more.

The protocol was piloted in the Region of Skåne in 2019 and then rolled out nationally in 2020.

The study is rolled out nationally with annual linkages to identify women with an excess risk for cervical cancer and an adaptive approach to reaching women with SMS, electronic letters, and physically letters with direct delivery of HPV self-sampling kits or an option to order a self-sampling kid (depending on risk). The study is coordinated centrally and each region has a contact person to whom women who need follow-up are referred.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Cervical Cancer Uterine Cervical Neoplasm Uterine Neoplasms Genital Neoplasm Genital Neoplasm, Female Uterine Diseases Genital Diseases, Female Neoplasms by Site Neoplasms Uterine Cervical Disease

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Adaptive trial that improves the method for improving attendance each year. The first three years of intervention (2019-2021) have been evaluated and is published (Arroyo Mühr, L.S., Wang, J., Hassan, S.S., et al. Int J Cancer. 156. 379-388. 2025). Trial continues with annual enrollment.
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

HPV self sampling test ordered

An invitation to order a HPV self sampling test through an online application will be sent by SMS or electronic letter.

Group Type OTHER

Sending of screening summon.

Intervention Type OTHER

2019-2021 - A Cobas PCR Female swab sample packet will be sent. Response rates (participation) will be measured.

2022 and onwards - A FLOQSwab and corresponding sample tube for analysis on the BD COR platform will be sent.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Sending of screening summon.

2019-2021 - A Cobas PCR Female swab sample packet will be sent. Response rates (participation) will be measured.

2022 and onwards - A FLOQSwab and corresponding sample tube for analysis on the BD COR platform will be sent.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.

Response to screening summon.

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Women resident in Region Skane who either: 1) have had glandular cell transformation that has not been followed-up, 2) are older than 65 years and have had cell transformation that has not been followed-up or who have not participated in screening during the last 10 years, 3) women who have not been screened for more than 15 years.

Exclusion Criteria

* No exclusion except those who do not consent.
Minimum Eligible Age

33 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

75 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Region Skane

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Karolinska Institutet

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Miriam Elfström

Affiliated Researcher

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Miriam Elfström, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Karolinska Institutet

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Northern Region

Luleå, Norrbotten County, Sweden

Site Status RECRUITING

Southern Region

Lund, Skåne County, Sweden

Site Status RECRUITING

Western Region

Gothenburg, Västra Götaland County, Sweden

Site Status RECRUITING

Southeast Region

Jönköping, , Sweden

Site Status RECRUITING

Region of Stockholm-Gotland

Stockholm, , Sweden

Site Status RECRUITING

Region of Middle Sweden

Uppsala, , Sweden

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Sweden

Central Contacts

Reach out to these primary contacts for questions about participation or study logistics.

Miriam Elfström, PhD

Role: CONTACT

+46(0)703816277

Helena Andersson, PhD

Role: CONTACT

+46-858581894

Facility Contacts

Find local site contact details for specific facilities participating in the trial.

Viviann Mattsson, MD

Role: primary

Christer Borgfeldt, MD, PhD

Role: primary

+46 (0) 70-995 04 72

Katarina Kylebäck, MD

Role: primary

Mirjam Våtz, Midwife

Role: primary

Hanna Milerad, MD

Role: primary

+46 (0) 70-490 98 28

Lovisa Bergengren, MD, PhD

Role: primary

+46 (0) 73-310 45 56

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Elfstrom KM, Sundstrom K, Andersson S, Bzhalava Z, Carlsten Thor A, Gzoul Z, Ohman D, Lamin H, Eklund C, Dillner J, Tornberg S. Increasing participation in cervical screening by targeting long-term nonattenders: Randomized health services study. Int J Cancer. 2019 Dec 1;145(11):3033-3039. doi: 10.1002/ijc.32374. Epub 2019 May 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31032904 (View on PubMed)

Arroyo Muhr LS, Wang J, Hassan SS, Yilmaz E, Elfstrom MK, Dillner J. Nationwide registry-based trial of risk-stratified cervical screening. Int J Cancer. 2025 Jan 15;156(2):379-388. doi: 10.1002/ijc.35142. Epub 2024 Aug 15.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 39146489 (View on PubMed)

Wang J, Elfstrom KM, Borgfeldt C, Dillner J. A pilot study of risk-stratified cervical cancer screening. Open Res Eur. 2022 Sep 1;1:84. doi: 10.12688/openreseurope.13398.2. eCollection 2021.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 37645164 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

2019-03166

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.