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WIC-Based Intervention to Promote Healthy Eating Among Low-Income Mothers

NCT ID: NCT04038385

Last Updated: 2021-12-23

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

297 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-06-03

Study Completion Date

2021-08-31

Brief Summary

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Whole grains, non-starchy vegetables, fruit, and beans are a consistent feature of diets associated with a lower risk of cancer and other diet-related diseases. For cancer risk reduction, the American Cancer Society recommendation is to consume at least 2.5 cups of a variety of fruits and vegetables daily. Other than dietary choices, weight control and physical activity levels are important modifiable determinants of cancer risk. This study finalized a novel, theory-driven farm-to-WIC intervention developed in preliminary work to promote vegetable intake among low-income adults served by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). In New Jersey (the location of the study), WIC provides participants up to $30 in seasonal Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) vouchers and monthly cash value vouchers or CVV (valued at $11 for adults and $8 for children at the time of the study) redeemable at farmers' markets. The program combined behaviorally focused nutrition education with the establishment of a WIC-based farmers' market (implemented in the summer of 2019 during the FMNP voucher issuance period). Content to address other modifiable determinants of cancer risk was added. To create additional opportunities for experiential and hands-on learning, monthly trips to an area farmers' market were held (between September 1, 2019 \[after the WIC-based market was discontinued\] and November 30, 2019 \[the end of the local growing season\]). The research employed an experimental design to initially test the intervention in 3 WIC agency sites (1 intervention and 2 control sites) with 297 urban, primarily Hispanic adults. Program effects on primary outcomes of vegetable intake (measured objectively using dermal carotenoids as a biomarker of intake and via self-report) and FMNP voucher redemption (objectively assessed using data provided by WIC) were examined at mid- and post-intervention (3 and 6 months post-baseline, respectively). Intervention effects on potential hypothesized mediators and the redemption of CVV at farmers' markets, participant satisfaction with the program, and the cost-effectiveness of the intervention also were examined.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Cancer Prevention Diet Modification Vegetable Intake

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Caregivers

Study Groups

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Intervention

This group will receive routine services provided by WIC and an intervention that will combine behaviorally-focused nutrition education with 1) the establishment of a WIC-based farmers' market (implemented in 2019 during the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program voucher issuance period \[June 19 to August 19\]), and 2) monthly trips to an area farmers' market (between September 1, 2019 and November 30, 2019 \[the end of the local growing season\]).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Multilevel Behavioral Intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Behaviorally-focused intervention grounded in the Social Ecological Model and Social Cognitive Theory to promote vegetable intake and the redemption of seasonal Farmers' Market Nutrition Program vouchers and monthly Cash Value Vouchers at farmers' markets.

Control

This group will receive routine services provided by WIC only.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Multilevel Behavioral Intervention

Behaviorally-focused intervention grounded in the Social Ecological Model and Social Cognitive Theory to promote vegetable intake and the redemption of seasonal Farmers' Market Nutrition Program vouchers and monthly Cash Value Vouchers at farmers' markets.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* English- or Spanish-speaking
* Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) voucher recipient or caregiver of a child FMNP voucher recipient
* Not less than 3 months from expected delivery date (pregnant women)
* Eligible to receive WIC benefits for 6 months after study entry

Exclusion Criteria

● Restrictions of food intake (has food allergies or foods that cannot be eaten)
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

99 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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William Paterson University of New Jersey

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Jennifer Di Noia

Professor, Department of Sociology

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Jennifer Di Noia, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

William Paterson University

Locations

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Saint Joseph's WIC Program

Paterson, New Jersey, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Di Noia J, Gellermann W. Use of the Spectroscopy-Based Veggie Meter(R) to Objectively Assess Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Low-Income Adults. Nutrients. 2021 Jun 30;13(7):2270. doi: 10.3390/nu13072270.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34209048 (View on PubMed)

Di Noia J, Monica D, Jensen HH, Sikorskii A. Economic evaluation of a farm-to-Special Supplemental Nutrition Programme for Women, Infants and Children intervention promoting vegetable consumption. Public Health Nutr. 2021 Aug;24(12):3922-3928. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021001981. Epub 2021 May 11.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 33972002 (View on PubMed)

Di Noia J, Monica D, Sikorskii A, Nelson J. Pilot Study of a Farm-to-Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Intervention Promoting Vegetable Consumption. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2021 Oct;121(10):2035-2045. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.12.020. Epub 2021 Jan 22.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 33487590 (View on PubMed)

Di Noia J, Monica D, Sikorskii A. Process Evaluation of a Farm-to-WIC Intervention. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2021 Oct;121(10):2021-2034. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.05.014. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 34144918 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

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Other Identifiers

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1R21CA230476-01

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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