Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of School-based Smoking Prevention Education Program Among Non-smoking Adolescents

NCT ID: NCT04036474

Last Updated: 2019-07-30

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 145 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2016-07-01
• Study Completion Date: 2017-01-28

Brief Summary

Preventing smoking among adolescents is critical to end the epidemic of smoking in Malaysia. Despite the implementation of several smoking prevention programs, the prevalence of adolescent smoking and experimenting with tobacco in Malaysia is still increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Smoking Prevention Education Programs (SPEP) in preventing the smoking initiation among non-smoker adolescents based on their smoking status on follow-up and smoking intention, which includes; attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control as described by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. A total of 140 Primary five students (non- smokers) were involved in this study. Four schools in Kuantan district were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention schools received a lecture on the hazards of smoking and SPEP intervention whereas the control schools received just a lecture on the hazards of smoking. The questionnaires and exhale carbon monoxide levels were first assessed at baseline and then again after three months.

Conditions

Smoking Behaviors

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: PREVENTION
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Smoking Prevention Education Program

In addition to the lecture on the hazards of smoking, students received the SPEP intervention. The SPEP consisted of three lessons and each lesson took one to two hours to be implemented. The SPEP intervention was delivered to participants in their usual classroom setting, during school hours combined with relevant school subjects such as physical education class. The duration of SPEP intervention took approximately one month.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Smoking Prevention Education Program

Intervention Type: OTHER

The SPEP consisted of three lessons and each lesson took one to two hours to be implemented. SPEP was conducted through direct and indirect method. Direct method was conducted through lectures, question and answer, role play and educational videos. The tools used were video projectors and Power Point presentations. On the other hand, the indirect method was done through distributing of badge buttons and fridge magnets "Be Free from Smoking". This method brought a simple message to increase awareness among adolescents to prevent smoking uptake. All instruments and protocols in this intervention were pilot tested to confirm feasibility and cultural appropriateness.

Control

Immediately after the collection of baseline data, students received a one-time lecture on the hazards of smoking by the research assistant.

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Smoking Prevention Education Program

The SPEP consisted of three lessons and each lesson took one to two hours to be implemented. SPEP was conducted through direct and indirect method. Direct method was conducted through lectures, question and answer, role play and educational videos. The tools used were video projectors and Power Point presentations. On the other hand, the indirect method was done through distributing of badge buttons and fridge magnets "Be Free from Smoking". This method brought a simple message to increase awareness among adolescents to prevent smoking uptake. All instruments and protocols in this intervention were pilot tested to confirm feasibility and cultural appropriateness.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Primary school students (standard 5)
• 11years' old
• Non- smoker (CO level less than 4ppm) to maintain baseline never- smoker
• Both genders
• Consented by parent

Exclusion Criteria

• Ex-smoker (self- reporting) and smoker (CO level more than 4ppm)
• Students unable to understand and read the national language (Bahasa Malaysia)
• Children with special needs

• Minimum Eligible Age: 11 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 11 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

National University of Singapore

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Esperanza Debby Ng

Research Assistant

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Other Identifiers

IIUM/504/14/11/2/IREC650

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id