Assessment of the Efficacy of the Artificial Pancreas Combined With a Qualitative Meal Size Estimation to Control Postprandial Glucose Levels

NCT ID: NCT04031599

Last Updated: 2022-01-28

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-07-10

Study Completion Date

2021-12-14

Brief Summary

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Postprandial glycemic excursions are major determinants of overall glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. Carbohydrate content of ingested meals is the main determinant of post-meal glucose excursion. Accurate carbohydrate counting is a critical aspect of managing postprandial blood glucose levels. accurate carbohydrate counting is considered by patients as a significant burden and frustrating task.

The closed-loop system (CLS) is composed of three components: glucose sensor to read glucose levels, insulin pump to infuse insulin and a dosing mathematical algorithm to decide on the required insulin dosages based on the sensor's readings.

The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of two strategies to regulate glucose levels in outpatient settings in adults with type 1 diabetes: 1) single-hormone CLS with rapid acting insulin analogue combined with carbohydrate counting; 2) single-hormone CLS with rapid acting insulin analogue combined with simplified qualitative meal-size estimation.

A sub-study will also be proposed to participants. Postprandial exercise combines two situations complicating CLS operation: a high plasma insulin due to insulin on-board related to meal boluses and rapid blood glucose changes (postprandial blood glucose excursion and then drop during exercise) making input from the glucose sensor less accurate. The objective of this sub-study will be to explore the safety and efficacy of the CLS using the combined strategy of pre-meal exercise announcement and meal bolus reduction of 33% when exercise is performed 1 hour compared to 2 hours post meal time.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Type 1 Diabetes

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Carbohydrate counting

Rapid acting insulin analogue with carbohydrate counting

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Single-hormone closed-loop system

Intervention Type DEVICE

Every 10 minutes, the glucose levels as measured by the sensor will be transferred automatically to a LG Google Nexus Smartphone that the algorithm is running on, which will calculate the recommended doses and will send them wirelessly to the infusion pump.

Insulin pump

Intervention Type DEVICE

Tandem Diabetes Care

Continuous glucose monitoring system

Intervention Type DEVICE

Dexcom G6

Aspart or Lispro

Intervention Type DRUG

Aspart or lispro will be infused with the infusion pump

Carbohydrate counting

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will be required to enter an estimate of the carbohydrate content of their meal into the phone. Insulin boluses will be calculated based on grams of carbohydrates and participant's insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio. Carbohydrate-matching full prandial bolus will be given 5 to 10 minutes before the meal.

3-week intervention

Intervention Type OTHER

Glucose levels will be regulated by the single-hormone closed-loop system for 3 consecutive weeks.

1-hour postprandial exercise (sub-study)

Intervention Type OTHER

60 minute exercise will be started one hour after the meal time.

2-hour postprandial exercise (sub-study)

Intervention Type OTHER

60 minute exercise will be started two hours after meal time

Exercise announcement and meal bolus reduction (sub-study)

Intervention Type OTHER

Meal bolus reduction of 33% at meal time and exercise announcement (increased target glucose from 6 to 9mmolL) to the CLS algorithm

Simplified qualitative meal size estimation

Rapid acting insulin analogue with simplified qualitative meal size estimation

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Single-hormone closed-loop system

Intervention Type DEVICE

Every 10 minutes, the glucose levels as measured by the sensor will be transferred automatically to a LG Google Nexus Smartphone that the algorithm is running on, which will calculate the recommended doses and will send them wirelessly to the infusion pump.

Insulin pump

Intervention Type DEVICE

Tandem Diabetes Care

Continuous glucose monitoring system

Intervention Type DEVICE

Dexcom G6

Aspart or Lispro

Intervention Type DRUG

Aspart or lispro will be infused with the infusion pump

Simplified qualitative meal-size estimation strategy

Intervention Type OTHER

A pre-meal partial prandial bolus will be given 5-10 minutes before the meal. The partial bolus will be based on the estimated meal size (small, regular, large and extra-large). The closed-loop system will give the remaining insulin needed based on the sensor readings. For this strategy, meal size will be defined as: small as any meal less than 30g, regular meal as any meal between 30g and 60g CHO, large meal as any meal between 60g and 90g CHO, extra-large meal for anything above 90g CHO.

3-week intervention

Intervention Type OTHER

Glucose levels will be regulated by the single-hormone closed-loop system for 3 consecutive weeks.

Interventions

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Single-hormone closed-loop system

Every 10 minutes, the glucose levels as measured by the sensor will be transferred automatically to a LG Google Nexus Smartphone that the algorithm is running on, which will calculate the recommended doses and will send them wirelessly to the infusion pump.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Insulin pump

Tandem Diabetes Care

Intervention Type DEVICE

Continuous glucose monitoring system

Dexcom G6

Intervention Type DEVICE

Aspart or Lispro

Aspart or lispro will be infused with the infusion pump

Intervention Type DRUG

Carbohydrate counting

Participants will be required to enter an estimate of the carbohydrate content of their meal into the phone. Insulin boluses will be calculated based on grams of carbohydrates and participant's insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio. Carbohydrate-matching full prandial bolus will be given 5 to 10 minutes before the meal.

Intervention Type OTHER

Simplified qualitative meal-size estimation strategy

A pre-meal partial prandial bolus will be given 5-10 minutes before the meal. The partial bolus will be based on the estimated meal size (small, regular, large and extra-large). The closed-loop system will give the remaining insulin needed based on the sensor readings. For this strategy, meal size will be defined as: small as any meal less than 30g, regular meal as any meal between 30g and 60g CHO, large meal as any meal between 60g and 90g CHO, extra-large meal for anything above 90g CHO.

Intervention Type OTHER

3-week intervention

Glucose levels will be regulated by the single-hormone closed-loop system for 3 consecutive weeks.

Intervention Type OTHER

1-hour postprandial exercise (sub-study)

60 minute exercise will be started one hour after the meal time.

Intervention Type OTHER

2-hour postprandial exercise (sub-study)

60 minute exercise will be started two hours after meal time

Intervention Type OTHER

Exercise announcement and meal bolus reduction (sub-study)

Meal bolus reduction of 33% at meal time and exercise announcement (increased target glucose from 6 to 9mmolL) to the CLS algorithm

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Males and females ≥ 18 years of old.
2. Clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for at least one year. The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is based on the investigator's judgment; C peptide level and antibody determinations are not needed.
3. The subject will have been on insulin pump therapy for at least 3 months.
4. Currently using, or willing to switch to Lispro U100 or Aspart for the duration of the study.
5. HbA1c \< 10%.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Clinically significant nephropathy, neuropathy (e.g. known or suspected gastroparesis) or retinopathy (e.g. proliferative retinopathy) as judged by the investigator
2. Recent (\< 6 months) acute macrovascular event e.g. acute coronary syndrome or cardiac surgery
3. Anticipated need to use acetaminophen during interventions with the closed-loop system
4. Pregnancy (ongoing or current attempt to become pregnant)
5. Breastfeeding
6. No nearby third party for assistance if needed (e.g. severe hypoglycemia glucagon treatment)
7. Plans to go abroad or travel at more than 3 hours distance from Montreal during the trial period
8. Severe hypoglycemic episode within two weeks of screening or during the run-in period
9. Severe hyperglycemic episode requiring hospitalization in the last 3 months
10. Current use of glucocorticoid medication (except low stable dose and inhaled steroids)
11. Agents affecting gastric emptying (Motilium®, Victoza®, Ozempic®, Trulicity®, Byetta® and Symlin®) as well as oral anti-diabetic agents (Metformin, Prandase®, DPP-4 inhibitors) if not at a stable dose for 3 months. Otherwise, these medications are acceptable and will be kept stable during the entire protocol.
12. Current use of SGLT-2 inhibitors unless at a stable dose for at least 3 months and appropriate ketone testing performed.
13. Known or suspected allergy to the trial products
14. Other serious medical illness likely to interfere with study participation or with the ability to complete the trial by the judgment of the investigator
15. Anticipation of a significant change in exercise regimen between admission and end of the trial (i.e. starting or stopping an organized sport)
16. In the opinion of the investigator, a participant who in unable or unwilling to observed the contraindications of the study devices
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret

Full professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Montreal Clinical Research Institute

Locations

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Montreal Clinical Research Institute

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status

McGill University Health Center

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status

Countries

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Canada

References

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Myette-Cote E, Molveau J, Wu Z, Raffray M, Devaux M, Tagougui S, Rabasa-Lhoret R. A Randomized Crossover Pilot Study Evaluating Glucose Control During Exercise Initiated 1 or 2 h After a Meal in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Treated with an Automated Insulin Delivery System. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2023 Feb;25(2):122-130. doi: 10.1089/dia.2022.0338. Epub 2022 Dec 6.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36399114 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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CLASS18

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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