Exergaming Experience of Older People With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

54 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2010-09-20

Study Completion Date

2011-09-16

Brief Summary

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Chronic musculoskeletal pain is debilitating and can lower the quality of life in older people. Therapeutic benefits have been reported from exergaming used as an intervention for rehabilitation or alternative to exercise. This study investigated the effects of exergaming in comparison with those of standard exercise on pain, postural control, technology acceptance and flow experience in older people with musculoskeletal pain.

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Detailed Description

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Study design: A prospective, randomized, controlled two-arm trial design: Group 1) exergaming with the Interactive Rehabilitation and Exercise System (IREX®) and Group 2) traditional gym-based exercise (TGB).

Ethical Approval was sought from and granted by the School of Health and Social Care Research Governance and Ethics Committee at Teesside University on 20th September 2010 The study was conducted in the Physiotherapy Research Laboratory, Constantine Building, Teesside University.

Participants were recruited by non-direct contacts from nine local community groups in the Middlesbrough area.

Sixty-one potential participants were screened for eligibility. Four were excluded due to not meeting the eligibility criteria and three did not attend scheduled sessions. Fifty-four (42 females and 12 males, age: 71 ± 5 years) were allocated to either exergaming with the IREX™ (n = 27) or TGB (n = 27).

Procedure

On arrival for data collection at the Physiotherapy Research Laboratory at Teesside University, participants were asked if they had further questions about the study. These questions, if any, were answered. The study Consent Form was then signed. Participants' demographic details and all outcome measures were recorded, after which the participants were randomised by stratified blind-card allocation (picking a sealed opaque envelope).

Data extraction

Range and Standard Deviation (SD) of Centre of Pressure (CoP) displacements in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions (CoPAP SD, CoPAP range, CoPML SD, CoPML range - all mm) and the resultant CoP velocity (mm.sec-1) were extracted from the force platform using Bioware software (Kistler™), after low-pass filtering of the raw data at 10 Hz. CoP velocity (mm.sec-1) was calculated.

Statistical analysis

Data was analysed with Version 19 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess between-group final scores for each outcome measure used with baseline scores as covariate. Variables that did not meet the assumption of homogeneity of variance were analysed by two-way independent measures ANOVA with blocking using mean splits of scored pre-measures. Mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine any within-subject changes over time. All analyses used a significance level of 0.05. The effect size measure epsilon squared was used, where values of 0.01, 0.06 and 0.14 were interpreted as small, moderate and large.

Conditions

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Musculoskeletal Pain Musculoskeletal Pain Disorder

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Participants were assigned to either the control group (TGB) or the experimental group (exergaming) in parallel for the duration of the study.

Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Traditional Gym Based exercise - Control

Twice weekly sessions of TGB exercise for six weeks.

Group Type OTHER

Exergaming

Intervention Type OTHER

The exergaming group played six IREX® exergames. Those in the TGB group performed exercises that were matched to the IREX® exergames for: movement patterns required, physiological demands, sequence, duration and mode of exercise by adopting open and closed kinetic chain movements, in the same range and loading, across both groups. Each IREX® exergame was played for two minutes and was repeated three times within a session. TGB exercise was conducted in sets of two minutes duration, repeated three times within a session. In both groups participants were given rest periods of 10 to 30 seconds, or longer, if required, between exergames or TGB exercise sets.

Exergaming

Twice weekly sessions of exergames for six weeks.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Exergaming

Intervention Type OTHER

The exergaming group played six IREX® exergames. Those in the TGB group performed exercises that were matched to the IREX® exergames for: movement patterns required, physiological demands, sequence, duration and mode of exercise by adopting open and closed kinetic chain movements, in the same range and loading, across both groups. Each IREX® exergame was played for two minutes and was repeated three times within a session. TGB exercise was conducted in sets of two minutes duration, repeated three times within a session. In both groups participants were given rest periods of 10 to 30 seconds, or longer, if required, between exergames or TGB exercise sets.

Interventions

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Exergaming

The exergaming group played six IREX® exergames. Those in the TGB group performed exercises that were matched to the IREX® exergames for: movement patterns required, physiological demands, sequence, duration and mode of exercise by adopting open and closed kinetic chain movements, in the same range and loading, across both groups. Each IREX® exergame was played for two minutes and was repeated three times within a session. TGB exercise was conducted in sets of two minutes duration, repeated three times within a session. In both groups participants were given rest periods of 10 to 30 seconds, or longer, if required, between exergames or TGB exercise sets.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* male or female
* aged 65 years or over
* able to walk unassisted (i.e. did not use, or require, any walking aids) for at least 0.5 of a mile
* having musculoskeletal pain in two or more joints, of more than 12 weeks duration

Exclusion Criteria

* diagnosis (or suspicion) of any systemic conditions that may cause pain in two or more joints
* of more than 12 weeks duration (such as cancer, rheumatic or neurological disease or condition)
* self-report of current (or history) of any condition or injury which would contra- indicate participation in the exercises under study
* inability (or any doubt of ability) to give informed consent
* inability to read and write English

Minimum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No