The Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism of Botulinum Toxin in the Reduction of Breast Reduction Mammoplasty Scar Formation
NCT ID: NCT03887377
Last Updated: 2025-06-15
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
PHASE2/PHASE3
22 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2019-06-10
2024-12-30
Brief Summary
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2. Investigate the mechanism of BTXa effects of scar formation by measuring micro RNA profiles at two time points in the healing process.
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Detailed Description
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Mechanical stress from wound tension has been thought to play a major role in hypertrophic scar development. Cellular and biochemical studies have demonstrated that excessive forces on tissues are tightly linked to changes in the extracellular matrix such as the induction of wound fibrosis and inhibition of fibroblast apoptosis. Recently, botulinum toxin type A has been reported as a treatment agent to counteract these effects. Although its precise mechanism is not yet completely understood, botulinum toxin type A is thought to promote apoptosis of fibroblasts derived from hypertrophic scars, leading to reduced tensile forces. In an in vivo study, human hypertrophic scars treated with botulinum toxin type A had significantly reduced fibroblast proliferation compared to a control, and had synergistic effects with intralesional steroid injections, which is a commonly used treatment but with multiple adverse effects.
Botulinum toxin type A is a potent neurotoxin used in a wide scope of clinical settings, and has been injected for cosmetic purposes for more than two decades. Its clinical use specifically for hypertrophic scars, including those of the face, has recently been demonstrated. Furthermore, a randomized double-blinded split scar study has demonstrated the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection into thyroidectomy scars for scar prevention. Although a well-controlled and designed study, its weaknesses include the difficult applicability of the Korean population to that of the United States, the relatively small number of patients included in the trial, the injection of botulinum toxin type A post-surgery instead of at the time of surgery (as the latter is often reported in other studies and is thought to be more beneficial). This protocol is designed to test the ability of botulinum toxin type A to improve post-surgical breast scarring in a randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial at Henry Ford Hospital. It expands upon previous studies that have already demonstrated its safety and good tolerance profile, and will combine the expertise of the Dermatology department and Plastic surgeons. We will study breast reduction scars, as this will allow patients to serve as their own control group.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
SINGLE_GROUP
PREVENTION
TRIPLE
Study Groups
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Breast receiving botulinum toxin
Following reconstruction one horizontal incisional wound will be selected to receive a series of botulinum toxin injections along the wound.
Injection abobotulinum toxin at time of surgery, single injection time with 30 gauge needle superficially, dosage determined by length of scar 5-15U per cm
Botulinum Toxins
We will be comparing botulinum toxin following breast reduction surgery to placebo injection. We will then compare photos of each breast reduction scar at set intervals following surgery.
Breast receiving placebo
The other breast will be injected with bacteriostatic normal saline in a similar fashion to the other breast. The injector will be blinded to the contents of the syringe.
Normal saline
Normal saline will serve as the placebo control on the contralateral breast
Interventions
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Botulinum Toxins
We will be comparing botulinum toxin following breast reduction surgery to placebo injection. We will then compare photos of each breast reduction scar at set intervals following surgery.
Normal saline
Normal saline will serve as the placebo control on the contralateral breast
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
4. \>18 years old
5. Willing to participate in study
1. Allergy to botulinum toxin
2. Currently pregnant or breast feeding
3. Myasthenia gravis
4. Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
5. Amyopathic Lateral Sclerosis
6. Previous injection of botulinum toxin in the chest area within 6 months prior to enrollment
7. History of keloid or hypertrophic scar
8. History of previous breast surgery with scar affecting inframammary skin
9. Male Sex
10. Refusal to participate in the study
11. Unable to make follow up appointments up to 6 months
12. Less than 18 years of age
13. History of radiation to the breast
18 Years
65 Years
FEMALE
Yes
Sponsors
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Galderma R&D
INDUSTRY
Henry Ford Health System
OTHER
Responsible Party
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David M. Ozog
Chair of Department of Dermatology
Principal Investigators
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David Ozog, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Henry Ford Hospital
Locations
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Henry Ford Health System
Detroit, Michigan, United States
Countries
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References
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Singh KA, Losken A. Additional benefits of reduction mammaplasty: a systematic review of the literature. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 Mar;129(3):562-570. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31824129ee.
Sprole AM, Adepoju I, Ascherman J, Gayle LB, Grant RT, Talmor M. Horizontal or vertical? an evaluation of patient preferences for reduction mammaplasty scars. Aesthet Surg J. 2007 May-Jun;27(3):257-62. doi: 10.1016/j.asj.2007.04.007.
Saleem L, John JR. Unfavourable results following reduction mammoplasty. Indian J Plast Surg. 2013 May;46(2):401-7. doi: 10.4103/0970-0358.118620.
Hidalgo DA. Improving safety and aesthetic results in inverted T scar breast reduction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999 Mar;103(3):874-86; discussion 887-9.
Wolfram D, Tzankov A, Pulzl P, Piza-Katzer H. Hypertrophic scars and keloids--a review of their pathophysiology, risk factors, and therapeutic management. Dermatol Surg. 2009 Feb;35(2):171-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34406.x.
Niland S, Cremer A, Fluck J, Eble JA, Krieg T, Sollberg S. Contraction-dependent apoptosis of normal dermal fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol. 2001 May;116(5):686-92. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01342.x.
Chen CS. Mechanotransduction - a field pulling together? J Cell Sci. 2008 Oct 15;121(Pt 20):3285-92. doi: 10.1242/jcs.023507.
Gabbiani G. The myofibroblast in wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases. J Pathol. 2003 Jul;200(4):500-3. doi: 10.1002/path.1427.
Zhibo X, Miaobo Z. Botulinum toxin type A affects cell cycle distribution of fibroblasts derived from hypertrophic scar. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008 Sep;61(9):1128-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2008.05.003. Epub 2008 Jun 13. No abstract available.
Zhibo X, Miaobo Z. Potential therapeutical effects of botulinum toxin type A in keloid management. Med Hypotheses. 2008 Oct;71(4):623. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.04.018. Epub 2008 Jun 4. No abstract available.
Xiao Z, Zhang F, Lin W, Zhang M, Liu Y. Effect of botulinum toxin type A on transforming growth factor beta1 in fibroblasts derived from hypertrophic scar: a preliminary report. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2010 Aug;34(4):424-7. doi: 10.1007/s00266-009-9423-z. Epub 2009 Oct 3.
Chen HC, Yen CI, Yang SY, Chang CJ, Yang JY, Chang SY, Chuang SS, Hsiao YC. Comparison of Steroid and Botulinum Toxin Type A Monotherapy with Combination Therapy for Treating Human Hypertrophic Scars in an Animal Model. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017 Jul;140(1):43e-49e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003426.
Feily A, Fallahi H, Zandian D, Kalantar H. A succinct review of botulinum toxin in dermatology; update of cosmetic and noncosmetic use. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2011 Mar;10(1):58-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2010.00545.x.
Jablonka EM, Sherris DA, Gassner HG. Botulinum toxin to minimize facial scarring. Facial Plast Surg. 2012 Oct;28(5):525-35. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1325641. Epub 2012 Oct 1.
Liu RK, Li CH, Zou SJ. Reducing scar formation after lip repair by injecting botulinum toxin. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010 May;125(5):1573-1574. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181d51404. No abstract available.
Zhibo X, Miaobo Z. Intralesional botulinum toxin type A injection as a new treatment measure for keloids. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Nov;124(5):275e-277e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181b98ee7. No abstract available.
Kim YS, Lee HJ, Cho SH, Lee JD, Kim HS. Early postoperative treatment of thyroidectomy scars using botulinum toxin: a split-scar, double-blind randomized controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen. 2014 Sep-Oct;22(5):605-12. doi: 10.1111/wrr.12204. Epub 2014 Aug 26.
Larrabee WF Jr. Treatment of Facial Wounds with Botulinum Toxin A Improves Cosmetic Outcome in Primates. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 May;105(6):1954-1955. doi: 10.1097/00006534-200005000-00006. No abstract available.
Ziade M, Domergue S, Batifol D, Jreige R, Sebbane M, Goudot P, Yachouh J. Use of botulinum toxin type A to improve treatment of facial wounds: a prospective randomised study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2013 Feb;66(2):209-14. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2012.09.012. Epub 2012 Oct 25.
Austin E, Koo E, Jagdeo J. The Cellular Response of Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars to Botulinum Toxin A: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Dermatol Surg. 2018 Feb;44(2):149-157. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001360.
Qu L, Liu A, Zhou L, He C, Grossman PH, Moy RL, Mi QS, Ozog D. Clinical and molecular effects on mature burn scars after treatment with a fractional CO(2) laser. Lasers Surg Med. 2012 Sep;44(7):517-24. doi: 10.1002/lsm.22055. Epub 2012 Jul 31.
Other Identifiers
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12373
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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