Using Ultrasound Elastography to Predict Development of Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome
NCT ID: NCT03865589
Last Updated: 2026-01-08
Study Results
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Basic Information
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ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
NA
250 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2019-04-01
2027-06-30
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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SOS is most commonly defined by two clinical criteria: the modified Seattle criteria and the Baltimore criteria. The modified Seattle criteria state that at least two of the following criteria must be present within 20 days of HCT: bilirubin \> 2mg/dL; hepatomegaly and/or ascites; and/or weight gain \> 5% above baseline weight (6). Pediatric SOS incidence in HCT is 20% and is higher compared to adults. Death or multi-organ dysfunction affects 30-60% children who develop SOS. The most common definition of severe SOS is retrospective, namely death from SOS-related causes or persistent multi-organ dysfunction at 100 days post HCT. However, the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation has proposed new prospective SOS diagnosis and grading schemes that could become standard of care since it can be performed prospectively and thus can guide treatment.
Defibrotide is a DNA derivative from porcine intestine that protects and repairs endothelial cells. Prior trials showed that defibrotide decreased the incidence of multi-organ failure and death from SOS. The main caveat is that treatment must be initiated very close to the time of clinical diagnosis using the Baltimore criteria to be effective (14). A study showed that 31/33 (94%) patients had complete remission of their SOS when treated with defibrotide \<3 days after diagnosis, whereas only 3/12 (25%) patients had complete remission when treated \>3 days of diagnosis. However, universal prophylaxis is difficult due to high drug costs ($155,000 for 21-day course). There is a critical need for an early and effective SOS diagnostic test that can identify patients who would benefit from defibrotide treatment.
Several adult and pediatric prospective studies have evaluated the efficacy of grayscale and Doppler ultrasound (US) in diagnosing SOS and have concluded that the clinical criteria are superior to US criteria for SOS diagnosis. The main reason for this conclusion is that conventional US is able to diagnose SOS only after the clinical diagnosis. This research has resulted in multiple recent guidelines recommending US only for confirming clinical diagnoses or following disease progression and not for primary diagnosis. Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) has been shown to effectively diagnose passive hepatic congestion. Fontan physiology is the best studied example. SWE values markedly increased after the Fontan operation. This surgery connects the hepatic venous circulation to the pulmonary arteries exposing the liver to increased resistance from the pulmonary circulation thereby increasing hepatic venous congestion. Additionally, the effect sizes in the Fontan studies are large compared with the effect sizes in hepatic fibrosis studies. The common thread of hepatic venous congestion between Fontan physiology and SOS physiology led us to hypothesize that SWE could be useful in SOS diagnosis. Additionally, preliminary SWE studies in adults showed that it might be useful in the setting of SOS.
The investigators of this study recently conducted a single site prospective cohort study involving 25 patients undergoing myeloablative HCT patients from December 2015 through June 2017. The investigators found increased velocities in all patients who developed SOS. US SWE velocity values showed no difference between pre-conditioning median US SWE velocity in the SOS group (1.24 + 0.09 m/s) and non-SOS group (1.41 + 0.18 m/s) (p=0.06). By day +5, patients with SOS had US SWE velocities that significantly increased by 0.25 + 0.21 m/s from baseline compared to 0.02 + 0.18 m/s in patients without SOS from baseline (p=0.02). By day +14, patients with SOS had US SWE velocities that significantly increased by 0.91 + 1.14 m/s from baseline compared to 0.03 + 0.23 m/s in patients without SOS from baseline (0.01). These values are both clinically and statistically significant, demonstrating that patients with SOS have significantly increased liver stiffness as measured by US SWE compared to patients without SOS. Additionally, SWE changes happened on average 9 to 11 days before clinical diagnostic criteria became positive. The sensitivity and specificity of this test were 60-80% and 67-93% in our small cohort of 25 patients depending on the threshold used and the test timing.
Data Collection Procedures: Candidates for the study will be identified by a HCT physician taking care of the patient and will be identified as a potential candidate for the study. Subjects will be approached for consent by a member of the research team prior to start of conditioning regimen. Consented subjects will have demographic, laboratory and clinical data collected from the chart at each ultrasound time point.
Consented subjects will have an US SWE within two weeks prior to starting their conditioning regimen and at the following time points based on disease course:
1. All Patients: patients will undergo ultrasound elastography within two-weeks prior to admission for conditioning AND twice per week through Day +30 or discharge, whichever comes first.
Patients whom are still an inpatient after Day +30, and are not clinically suspicious for SOS/VOD, will undergo ultrasound elastography every 30 days (Day +60 and Day +90) until discharge.
2. Late Onset SOS/VOD as INPATIENT (AFTER DAY +30): patients will undergo ultrasound elastography twice a week during course of SOS/VOD treatment. If patient is still admitted at end of treatment, patient will undergo ultrasound elastography once every 30 days through day +100 or discharge, whichever comes first.
3. Late Onset SOS/VOD as OUTPATIENT (DAY +30 - DAY + 100): patients will undergo ultrasound elastography once a week during course of SOS/VOD treatment
Conditions
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Study Design
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NA
SINGLE_GROUP
DIAGNOSTIC
NONE
Study Groups
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Patients Undergoing HCT
All patients enrolled will undergo US SWE at specific time points as outlined in the protocol based on disease course.
Ultrasound Elastography
Ultrasound shear wave elastography
Interventions
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Ultrasound Elastography
Ultrasound shear wave elastography
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* TBI \>= 1200 cGy (fractionated)
* Cyclophosphamide + TBI (\> 500 cGy (single) or \> 800cGy (fractionated))
* Cyclophosphamide + Etoposide + TBI (\> 500 cGy (single) or \> 800 cGy (fractionated))
* Cyclophosphamide + Thiotepa + TBI (\> 500 cGy (single) or \> 800 cGy (fractionated))
* Busulfan (Total dose \> 7.2 mg/kg IV or \>9.0mg/kg orally) + Cyclophosphamide
* Busulfan (Total dose \>7.2 mg/kg IV or \>9.0 mg/kg orally) + Melphalan
* Busulfan (Total dose \>7.2 mg/kg IV or \>9.0 mg/kg orally) + Thiotepa
* NOTE: Busulfan cumulative plasma AUC of \>75 mg/L per hour or \>18270 microMolar per minute could be used in the preceding criteria in lieu of the mg/kg doses.
OR
2\. Any patient who has a myeloablative conditioning regimen (as defined by the local HCT team) that includes sirolimus and tacrolimus for GVHD prophylaxis.
OR
3\. Any patient who is high risk for SOS irrespective of conditioning regimen: Neuroblastoma, HLH, Osteopetrosis, Thalassemia, treatment with inotuzumab or gemtuzumab within 3 months prior to HCT admission, 2nd HCT if it is myeloablative and within 6 months of prior, iron overload, steatohepatitis, active inflammatory or infection hepatitis or any other condition which puts the patient at a higher risk of developing SOS.
Subjects aged 1 month through 99 years will be eligible for the study. Patients who receive defibrotide and/or ursodiol for VOD/SOS prophylaxis will also be eligible for the study. At most 175 children (ages 1 month to 18 years) and 175 adults (\>18 years old) can be enrolled into the study.
Inclusion dates: Patients seen between 1/1/2019 and 12/31/2025
Exclusion Criteria
1 Month
99 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Jazz Pharmaceuticals
INDUSTRY
Nationwide Children's Hospital
OTHER
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
OTHER
University of California, San Francisco
OTHER
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
OTHER
Duke University
OTHER
Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Sherwin Chan MD PhD
Physician, MD, PhD
Principal Investigators
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Sherwin S Chan, MD, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City
Locations
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University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California, United States
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Children's Mercy
Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Duke University
Durham, North Carolina, United States
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Nationwide Children's Hospital
Columbus, Ohio, United States
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
Countries
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References
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Other Identifiers
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STUDY0000548
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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