Comparison of Propofol Target-Controlled Infusion Anesthesia and Bolus Injection in Electroconvulsive Therapy

NCT ID: NCT03863925

Last Updated: 2019-03-05

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

40 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2017-08-15

Study Completion Date

2019-02-02

Brief Summary

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) serves as an effective adjuvant or alternative modality for major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, or bipolar affective disorder refractory to or contraindicated to psychopharmacological treatment. Anesthetics have been introduced into ECT sessions to alleviate ECT-inducing discomfort sensation, tachycardia, arrhythmia, hypertension, and anxiety. Propofol is highly lipid soluble and able to rapidly cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which leads to rapid onset of sedation and hypnosis. Meanwhile, propofol has hemodynamic depressant effect and attenuates hypertensive surge during ECT. Characteristics mentioned above make propofol one of widely used anesthetics for anesthetized ECT.

Propofol can be administered with bolus injection or target-controlled infusion (TCI). Compared with bolus injection, TCI provides relatively constant concentration at site of interest based on computer simulation with input of pharmacokinetic parameters, such as age, body weight, body height, etc. However, propofol is also well known for anticonvulsant property, which may inevitably interfere with seizure propagation by electroconvulsive stimulus and diminish consequent efficacy. Thus, dosage of electrical stimulus may be increased to achieve ideal seizure quality in this setting, which also leads to higher risk of subsequent cognitive impairment.

In our clinical practice, TCI system reduces total amount of propofol in comparison with bolus injection method. Therefore, we hypothesize that application of TCI system in anesthetized ECT relates to lower dosage of electrical stimulus and decreased incidence or severity of post-treatment cognitive impairment.

Detailed Description

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) serves as an effective adjuvant or alternative modality for major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, or bipolar affective disorder refractory to or contraindicated to psychopharmacological treatment. Anesthetics have been introduced into ECT sessions to alleviate ECT-inducing discomfort sensation, tachycardia, arrhythmia, hypertension, and anxiety. Propofol is highly lipid soluble and able to rapidly cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which leads to rapid onset of sedation and hypnosis. Meanwhile, propofol has hemodynamic depressant effect and attenuates hypertensive surge during ECT. Characteristics mentioned above make propofol one of widely used anesthetics for anesthetized ECT.

Propofol can be administered with bolus injection or target-controlled infusion (TCI). Compared with bolus injection, TCI provides relatively constant concentration at site of interest based on computer simulation with input of pharmacokinetic parameters, such as age, body weight, body height, etc. However, propofol is also well known for anticonvulsant property, which may inevitably interfere with seizure propagation by electroconvulsive stimulus and diminish consequent efficacy. Thus, dosage of electrical stimulus may be increased to achieve ideal seizure quality in this setting, which also leads to higher risk of subsequent cognitive impairment.

In our clinical practice, TCI system reduces total amount of propofol in comparison with bolus injection method. Therefore, we hypothesize that application of TCI system in anesthetized ECT relates to lower dosage of electrical stimulus and decreased incidence or severity of post-treatment cognitive impairment.

Conditions

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Depression Schizophrenia Bipolar Disorder Cognitive Dysfunction

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Caregivers

Study Groups

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Propofol Target Controlled Infusion Group (Group T)

Patients in group T underwent anesthesia with Propofol (dosage form: 10mg/mL) target controlled infusion by Schnider model, starting at concentration of effect site (Ce) of 1.5 mcg/mL and titrating to achieve Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) Scale level 3 (responds only after name called loudly or repeatedly). Patients were paralyzed with suxamethonium (dosage form: 20mg/mL; dosage: 1mg/kg) once adequate sedation level achieved. TCI was stopped once the psychiatrist applied electroconvulsive stimulation to patients' bilateral frontal regions. Assisted ventilation with bag-valve-mask device by experienced anesthesiologists was began since patients were sedated until adequate spontaneous respiration was regained after each single electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) session. Every patient receive total six to twelve ECT sessions, and each ECT session was conducted one day apart.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Target controlled infusion, Schnider model

Intervention Type DEVICE

Target controlled infusion (TCI) is an intravenous drug delivery system estimating pharmacokinetics after input of patient's data, e.g. age, sex, body height, body weight. Schnider model is one of TCI model to deliver Propofol. After target concentration at effect site (e.g. the brain) is keyed in, the computerized infusion pump will calculate dosage of bolus and infusion rate for each individual, and calculated concentration of propofol at plasma and brain will be displayed. The clinicians should evaluate the patient's sedation level in response to calculated propofol concentration and titrate target concentration to achieve desired sedation level.

Propofol Bolus Group (Group B)

Patients in group B underwent anesthesia with bolus of propofol for sedation, and the dosage raged between 0.75 to 1.5 mg/kg to achieve at least OAA/S scale level 3. Dosage of suxamethonium, application of electroconvulsive stimulation, ventilation maneuver, frequency of ECT session, and number of total ECT sessions were same as patients in group T.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Bolus injection of Propofol

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Bolus intravenous injection is a traditional way to deliver anesthetic, and the dosage and amount of medication is based on clinical experience and patients' response.

Interventions

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Target controlled infusion, Schnider model

Target controlled infusion (TCI) is an intravenous drug delivery system estimating pharmacokinetics after input of patient's data, e.g. age, sex, body height, body weight. Schnider model is one of TCI model to deliver Propofol. After target concentration at effect site (e.g. the brain) is keyed in, the computerized infusion pump will calculate dosage of bolus and infusion rate for each individual, and calculated concentration of propofol at plasma and brain will be displayed. The clinicians should evaluate the patient's sedation level in response to calculated propofol concentration and titrate target concentration to achieve desired sedation level.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Bolus injection of Propofol

Bolus intravenous injection is a traditional way to deliver anesthetic, and the dosage and amount of medication is based on clinical experience and patients' response.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age between 20 years old and 65 years old
* Diagnosis of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, compatible with SCID for DSM-5, with clinical necessity of ECT under a psychiatrist's evaluation and decision
* Patients with adequate visual acuity and auditory acuity without or with correction
* Patients or patients' legal representative signing up the informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients already diagnosed with neurocognitive disorder
* Patients with contraindications to ECT, including myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, elevated intracranial pressure, intracranial angiomas, untreated bony fractures, cervical spine injury, pheochromocytoma, heart failure, sever valvular disease, deep vein thrombosis, etc.
* Patients with untreated substance abuse, including alcohol and illegal drugs
* Patients with unspecified psychiatric disorders
* Patients unable to cooperate
Minimum Eligible Age

20 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Meng Ling Hsieh

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Locations

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Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Taoyuan, , Taiwan

Site Status

Countries

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Taiwan

References

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Semkovska M, McLoughlin DM. Objective cognitive performance associated with electroconvulsive therapy for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Sep 15;68(6):568-77. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.009. Epub 2010 Jul 31.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20673880 (View on PubMed)

Sackeim HA, Prudic J, Fuller R, Keilp J, Lavori PW, Olfson M. The cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy in community settings. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 Jan;32(1):244-54. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301180. Epub 2006 Aug 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16936712 (View on PubMed)

McClintock SM, Choi J, Deng ZD, Appelbaum LG, Krystal AD, Lisanby SH. Multifactorial determinants of the neurocognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT. 2014 Jun;30(2):165-76. doi: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000000137.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24820942 (View on PubMed)

Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Apr;53(4):695-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15817019 (View on PubMed)

Sakamoto A, Hoshino T, Suzuki N, Suzuki H, Kimura M, Ogawa R. Effects of propofol anesthesia on cognitive recovery of patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999 Dec;53(6):655-60. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.1999.00621.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10687746 (View on PubMed)

Imashuku Y, Kanemoto K, Senda M, Matsubara M. Relationship between blood levels of propofol and recovery of memory in electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2014 Apr;68(4):270-4. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12122. Epub 2013 Dec 8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24313665 (View on PubMed)

Galvez V, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Wark H, Harper S, Leyden J, Loo CK. The Anaesthetic-ECT Time Interval in Electroconvulsive Therapy Practice--Is It Time to Time? Brain Stimul. 2016 Jan-Feb;9(1):72-7. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.09.005. Epub 2015 Sep 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26452698 (View on PubMed)

Struys MM, De Smet T, Glen JI, Vereecke HE, Absalom AR, Schnider TW. The History of Target-Controlled Infusion. Anesth Analg. 2016 Jan;122(1):56-69. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001008.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26516804 (View on PubMed)

Hsieh ML, Lu YT, Lin CC, Lee CP. Comparison of the target-controlled infusion and the manual infusion of propofol anesthesia during electroconvulsive therapy: an open-label randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Feb 4;21(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03069-6.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 33541306 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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201700862A3

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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