Desflurane Preconditioning in Hepatectomies

NCT ID: NCT03848780

Last Updated: 2019-02-21

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 46 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2016-04-01
• Study Completion Date: 2018-06-30

Brief Summary

Hepatectomies are considered as operations of high bleeding risk. The history of massive hemorrhage in liver surgery led to the emergence of techniques to control excessive blood loss. These techniques temporarily occlude the blood vessels that supply liver (the Pringle Maneuver) limiting subsequent losses. However, this leads to the ischemia - reperfusion injury impairing liver function. Research points to methods targeting on tempering reperfusion pathophysiology. Volatile anesthetics have been used for pharmacological preconditioning and proved to protect against organ damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effect of desflurane on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. Patients presenting for elective hepatectomy were randomized equally into two groups. The Control Group received no pharmacological preconditioning and the Desflurane Group received pharmacological preconditioning with Desflurane before induction of ischemia.

Detailed Description

Hepatectomies are characterized by an elevated risk of severe hemorrhage. The high vascular supply of the liver has historically troubled surgeons who resolved to techniques to control excessive blood loss. The Pringle Maneuver commonly employed in liver surgery is a temporary method to occlude the vascular supply of the liver. As a result, ischemia is developed and a pathophysiologic cascade is initiated. Upon the resolution of ischemia, reperfusion occurs which is linked to further damage and the ischemia-reperfusion injury is developed. Ischemia and reperfusion lead to activation of the innate immune response, which interacts with the adaptive immune response. Result of this interaction is the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, complement products, and the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of injury. Previous studies have shown that animal's livers suffered from ischemia-reperfusion injury had increased neutrophil infiltration and pharmacological agents attenuating neutrophil's activity improved hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (IRI). Preconditioning refers to the exposure of an organ to short intervals of ischemia which has been shown to mitigate the aforementioned ischemia-reperfusion injury. Preconditioning can be pharmacological and volatile anesthetics have been successfully used in preconditioning models. Sevoflurane have been proved beneficial for a series of hepatectomies in limiting transaminase levels postoperatively. However, sevoflurane by virtue can be hepatotoxic through Compound A production, elevated free calcium and reactive oxide species activation. On the other hand, desflurane undergoes minimum liver metabolism. In liver ischemia-reperfusion models, desflurane preconditioning led to decreased cell death and inflammatory cytokines inhibition.

The goal of the investigator's study was to investigate the effect of desflurane preconditioning in patients undergoing elective hepatectomy of at least two segments. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive pharmacological preconditioning (Desflurane Group, Group D) or not (Control Group, Group C). The surgeon and the Intensive Care Unit were blinded as to the intervention. Anesthetic management was the same for all patients. For GroupD thirty minutes before the initiation of ischemia desflurane was delivered and propofol was stopped for the same interval.

Conditions

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: TRIPLE

Study Groups

Desflurane Group

Thirty minutes before initiation of ischemia the surgeon was instructed to notify the anesthesiologist. At this single time point, propofol infusion was stopped and substituted with the volatile anesthetic desflurane to achieve a Minimum Alveolar Concentration of 1. The procedure included a 5-minute induction of desflurane, a 20-minute preconditioning and a 5-minute washout period when propofol was reintroduced and desflurane stopped.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Desflurane

Intervention Type: DRUG

Control Group

No pharmacological preconditioning was implemented

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Desflurane

Intervention Type: DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• hepatectomy of at least two segments

Exclusion Criteria

• Hepatitis B, C or HIV infection
• liver cirrhosis
• autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel disease
• pregnancy
• prior additional ablation therapies (cryosurgery or radiofrequency)
• liver resections without inflow occlusion

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Eleni Koraki

Principal investigator, Anesthesiologist

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Eleni Koraki, Dr

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki

References

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Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 9448146 (View on PubMed)

Kimura F, Shimizu H, Yoshidome H, Ohtsuka M, Kato A, Yoshitomi H, Nozawa S, Furukawa K, Mitsuhashi N, Sawada S, Takeuchi D, Ambiru S, Miyazaki M. Circulating cytokines, chemokines, and stress hormones are increased in patients with organ dysfunction following liver resection. J Surg Res. 2006 Jun 15;133(2):102-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.10.025. Epub 2006 Jan 4.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 16386757 (View on PubMed)

Boros P, Bromberg JS. New cellular and molecular immune pathways in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Am J Transplant. 2006 Apr;6(4):652-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.01228.x.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 16539620 (View on PubMed)

Beck-Schimmer B, Breitenstein S, Urech S, De Conno E, Wittlinger M, Puhan M, Jochum W, Spahn DR, Graf R, Clavien PA. A randomized controlled trial on pharmacological preconditioning in liver surgery using a volatile anesthetic. Ann Surg. 2008 Dec;248(6):909-18. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31818f3dda.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 19092335 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

3779

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id