Exploring the Comorbidity Between Mental Disorders and General Medical Conditions

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

5940299 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2000-01-01

Study Completion Date

2020-01-31

Brief Summary

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Mental disorders have been shown to be associated with a number of general medical conditions (also referred to as somatic or physical conditions). The investigators aim to undertake a comprehensive study of comorbidity among those with treated mental disorders, by using high-quality Danish registers to provide age- and sex-specific pairwise estimates between the ten groups of mental disorders and nine groups of general medical conditions.

The investigators will examine the association between all 90 possible pairs of prior mental disorders and later GMC categories using the Danish national registers. Depending on whether individuals are diagnosed with a specific mental disorder, the investigators will estimate the risk of receiving a later diagnosis within a specific GMC category, between the start of follow-up (January 1, 2000) or at the earliest age at which a person might develop the mental disorder, whichever comes later. Follow-up will be terminated at onset of the GMC, death, emigration from Denmark, or December 31, 2016, whichever came first. Additionally for dyslipidemia, follow-up will be ended if a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease was received. A "wash-out" period will be employed in the five years before follow-up started (1995-1999), to identify and exclude prevalent cases from the analysis. Individuals with the GMC of interest before the observation period will be considered prevalent cases and excluded from the analyses (i.e. prevalent cases were "washed-out"). When estimating the risk of a specific GMC, the investigators will consider all individuals to be exposed or unexposed to the each mental disorder depending on whether a diagnosis is received before the end of follow-up. Persons will be considered unexposed to a mental disorder until the date of the first diagnosis, and exposed thereafter.

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Detailed Description

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The investigators will analyse data from all individuals born in Denmark between 1900-2015 and who resided there between 2000-2016; giving a study size of over 5.5 million people. The National Patient Register, Cause of Death Register and National Prescription Registry of Denmark will all be used as sources of information about the mental disorders and general medical conditions (GMC) of interest. These are considered to be of high quality and validity.

The rate of diagnosis with a specific GMC group between those exposed and unexposed to each of ten mental disorders will be examined using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using Cox proportional hazards models with age as the underlying time scale. The following models will be run to provide all persons and sex-specific estimates, considering exposure to each mental disorder and whether the association differs depending on the time since onset of the mental disorder (lagged HRs):

Model A: adjusted for sex and birth date which, in combination with underlying age in the models, adjusts also for calendar time

Model B: additionally adjust for mental disorder comorbidity with onset before, but not after, the mental disorder of interest

Finally, cumulative incidence proportions of diagnosis with a GMC after being diagnosed with a mental disorder will be estimated. This will provide absolute risks of developing a GMC after a specific time, given a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder. To compare cumulative incidence proportions among people diagnosed with a mental disorder to those among people without a diagnosis, a matched reference group will be generated for each mental disorder. For every index person with the mental disorder, up to five age- and sex-matched individuals (who had not received a diagnosis of the relevant mental disorder by the age the index person was diagnosed) will be randomly selected. Cumulative incidence proportions will be generated for each reference group. All analyses will be performed on the secured platform of Statistics Denmark STATA/MP version 15.1 (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA).

An interactive webpage will be developed to visualize all results from this study. The Danish Data Protection Agency and the Danish Health Data Authority approved this study.

Conditions

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Organic, Including Symptomatic, Mental Disorders Substance Use Schizophrenia Mood [Affective] Disorders Neurotic, Stress-related and Somatoform Disorders Eating Disorder Disorders of Adult Personality and Behavior Mental Retardation Disorder of Psychological Development Behavioural Disorder Hypertension Dyslipidemias Ischemic Heart Disease Atrial Fibrillation Heart Failure Peripheral Occlusive Disease Stroke Diabetes Mellitus Thyroid Disorder Gout Chronic Pulmonary Disease Allergy Chronic Gastritis Chronic Liver Disease Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Diverticular Disease of Large Intestine Chronic Kidney Diseases Prostate Disorders Connective Tissue Disorder Osteoporosis Pain HIV/AIDS Anemia Cancer Vision Disorders Hearing Disorders Migraine Epilepsy Parkinson Disease Multiple Sclerosis Neuropathy

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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Danish population

The cohort includes all those born in Denmark between 1900-2015, and who resided there in the period of 2000-2016.Whether they received a diagnosis of one of the following mental disorders will be ascertained: Organic Disorders, Substance Use Disorders, Schizophrenia Disorders, Mood Disorders, Eating Disorders, Neurotic Disorders, Personality Disorders, Intellectual Disorders, Developmental Disorders, Behavioral Disorders The risk of receiving a later diagnosis of one of the following types of general medical conditions will then be estimated: Circulatory, Endocrine, Pulmonary and Allergy, Gastrointestinal, Urogenital, Musculoskeletal, Hematological, Cancer, Neurological