Piloting Conversation Cards for Adolescents

NCT ID: NCT03821896

Last Updated: 2024-09-19

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: TERMINATED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 31 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2019-03-15
• Study Completion Date: 2022-07-07

Brief Summary

Providers are not opportunistic enough in addressing lifestyle habits of teens, and can benefit from appropriate tools to support their conversations with families as well as engage all family members in making changes. Since most teens with obesity do not meet minimum lifestyle recommendations, our team developed Conversation Cards for Adolescents (CCAs), a tool to help teens and providers communicate and set lifestyle goals together. In this study, the investigators will (i) observe if and how CCAs fit in a clinical setting for changing teen-provider interactions and teens's lifestyle habits, (ii) ask teens and providers for their thoughts on CCAs and how they are used, and (iii) determine preliminary impact of CCAs on teen behaviors and clinical factors. The investigators will do this with around 50 teens from a primary/secondary care clinic in Edmonton, Alberta. Teens will be randomized to one of two groups - one group will use CCAs in their appointment with their providers to set a goal for change, while the other will also set a goal for change, but without using CCAs. Results from this study will give us insight into how CCAs are best used in a clinical setting and will help us plan a future full-scale study.

Detailed Description

Background & Rationale. The high prevalence and adverse health risks of adolescent obesity are well-documented. Most adolescents with and without obesity do not meet minimum lifestyle recommendations for nutrition, physical and sedentary activities, and sleep, and care providers have identified a lack of tools and resources to help them better support families in lifestyle change and weight management. Best practices encourage the use of appropriate tools to augment discussions, in addition to the inclusion and engagement of all relevant stakeholders. Our team conducted a multi-phase project that included adolescents, care providers, and researchers to develop Conversation Cards for Adolescents (CCAs), an adolescent-tailored educational tool aimed at facilitating lifestyle behavior change in adolescents via collaborative goal-setting. This tool comprises a deck of 45 cards. Each card contains an individual statement pertaining to a barrier, enabler, or potential enabler that adolescents encounter in making and maintaining healthy lifestyle changes. These cards are organized across seven categorical suits: nutrition, physical activity, sedentary activity, sleep, mental health, relationships, and clinic factors. This deck is intended to be used by adolescents and providers and may be complementary to an already existing deck of cards (Conversation Cards©) created for parents and providers by our research team in 2012.

Objectives. To (i) assess the feasibility of the study design and procedures in a real-world practice setting, (ii) investigate future trial procedures, (iii) assess user experiences of CCAs, and (iv) determine the preliminary effectiveness of CCAs on changing behavioral and affective-cognitive outcomes for adolescents with obesity.

Method & Methodology. This is a pragmatic, pilot randomized controlled trial. Adolescents will be randomly allocated to one of two groups (CCAs or control) with a 1:1 allocation ratio and using permuted blocks of randomly varied sizes 2 and 4. Participant randomization will be performed in REDCap, based on allocation tables that have been generated and uploaded by the Data Coordinating Centre statistician. REDCap maintains an automated audit trail which includes the assigned study identification number, treatment allocation, and date and time of the transaction. The study coordinator will have access to REDcap onsite to randomize adolescents and will provide corresponding allocations to adolescents. The investigators will follow recommended sample sizes for pilot trials; that is, 25 individuals per trial arm for a total of 50, which gives the main trial a 90% power, 0.2 effect size, and two-sided 5% significance. Assuming a recruitment rate of ~85%, a margin of error for the confidence interval of around 10% was estimated; this recruitment rate is derived from similar randomized controlled trials conducted in a primary care setting surrounding obesity and lifestyle in children and youth. The investigators will adhere to the CONSORT statement for planning, conducting, and reporting pragmatic trials.

Recruitment.

Adolescents - Administrative and clinical (nurse) team members will approach families to gauge interest and obtain verbal consent. If given, the study coordinator on-site (MK) will approach families for more information (e.g., study description, developmental and language eligibility screening) and full consent/assent procedures. On the day of their medical appointment, clinic staff will measure adolescents' height and weight before they see their provider. Providers will be recruited by email or verbal invitation through existing relationships with research team members.

Providers - Researchers leading this study have pre-existing relationships with providers practicing at this center. Researchers will hold several meetings with providers to explain and refine the study and determine their interest in participation. Providers will be given full freedom to accept or decline participation.

The investigators will document dates defining the periods of recruitment and follow-up.

Procedure. Adolescents in the experimental group will be given ~15 minutes before their clinical appointment to review CCAs in a private room at the clinic; they will be instructed to independently select the top 3 statements that most resonate with them and to make a note of these on a provided chart note; these will be documented by the research coordinator on an Excel data file before adolescents enter their appointment and afterwards (in case any changes were made). Adolescents will then proceed to their appointment and collaboratively set one (to facilitate achievement) S.M.A.R.T. (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-Based) goal using shared decision-making principles with their provider based on their chosen priorities. Adolescents will receive a hard copy of their specific goal to take home. Adolescents in the control group will not be offered the tool, but will still set a S.M.A.R.T. goal with their provider. The investigators will debrief with each participating provider after their first experimental and first control clinical appointments for feedback and any modifications to intervention procedures.

Outcomes. The study coordinator will create an anonymized detailed Excel data spreadsheet (separate from the Master File) for each participating adolescent to document data. This file will be updated on an ongoing basis. The investigators will collect adolescents' demographic and anthropometric characteristics verbally at baseline and providers' sociodemographics via hard-copy or electronic survey before study commencement. Participants will be instructed to complete baseline outcome measures using an iPad. The investigators will complete 3-week follow-up, where the study coordinator will call adolescents (~15 minutes) for completion of one of the outcome measure assessments and to inquire about study procedures, including ranking the outcome measures used for this study in order of importance (to inform a future full-scale trial). Please refer to the sections below for details regarding outcome measure.

Data Analysis. As per recommendations for pilot studies, our analysis will be mainly of a descriptive nature. Quantitative data will be summarized using quantitative descriptive statistics and central tendencies, or will be compared between groups using independent samples t-tests. Outcomes will be compared based on weight status contingent on anthropometric distributions in our sample. Qualitative data will be audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim using The Comma Police, managed using NVivo 11, and analyzed using content analysis.

Evaluation. The investigators will use the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Framework for Program Evaluation for a formal evaluation of our intervention. This framework includes engaging stakeholders (e.g., primary users of the evaluation), describing the program (e.g., needs, resources, context, activities), focusing the evaluation design (e.g., purpose, users, questions, methods), gathering credible evidence (e.g., indicators, sources, quality, quantity, logistics), justifying conclusions (e.g., analysis/synthesis, interpretation, recommendations), and ensuring use and shared lessons learned (e.g., design, preparation, feedback, follow-up, dissemination). Steps of this evaluation do not have to occur in a linear sequence; however, earlier steps provide the foundation for subsequent progress. Program evaluations are best completed in a team approach. Our team will include the principal investigator, study coordinator, providers, adolescents, and other researchers in various steps of the evaluation.

IMPLICATIONS. Conducting this research will provide us with lessons learned on how to best use CCAs in a clinical setting. It will inform development of a full scale trial to measure effectiveness of our tool in changing lifestyle behaviors and optimizing care that adolescents receive.

Conditions

Adolescent Obesity; Life Style; Health Behavior; Health Communication; Primary Health Care

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Conversation Cards for Adolescents and Goal-Setting

Adolescents in the experimental arm will receive the tool 15 minutes prior to their appointment with their primary care provider. They will be instructed to familiarize themselves with the tool and to select the top 3 factors that resonate most with them in their attemps to change their lifestyle habits. They will then proceed to their clinical appointment to set one S.M.A.R.T. goal based on their selections and in collaboration with their primary care provider.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Conversation Cards for Adolescents and Goal-Setting

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

The intervention includes using an adolescent-tailored tool (a deck of cards) created by researchers at the University of Alberta and adolescents with obesity seeking weight management care. It contains a list of factors that make it easy or hard for teens to make and maintain healthy lifestyle changes. Its use will be paired with a S.M.A.R.T. goal-setting activity using principles of shared decision-making.

Goal-Setting

Adolescents in the control arm will not complete the tool activity, but will still set a S.M.A.R.T. goal with their primary care provider.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Goal-Setting

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Collaborative setting of S.M.A.R.T. goals using principles of shared decision-making.

Interventions

Conversation Cards for Adolescents and Goal-Setting

The intervention includes using an adolescent-tailored tool (a deck of cards) created by researchers at the University of Alberta and adolescents with obesity seeking weight management care. It contains a list of factors that make it easy or hard for teens to make and maintain healthy lifestyle changes. Its use will be paired with a S.M.A.R.T. goal-setting activity using principles of shared decision-making.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Goal-Setting

Collaborative setting of S.M.A.R.T. goals using principles of shared decision-making.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

Adolescents are eligible to participate if they are:

• 13-17 years old
• At a functioning grade level (English literacy and comprehension)
• Interested in setting a lifestyle/behavioural goal related to improving diet, physical activity or sedentary activity, and
• Seeking health services at the Northeast Community Health Centre (NECHC; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada)

All participating providers who deliver care to adolescents at the NECHC are eligible to participate.

Exclusion Criteria

N/A

Our original eligibility criteria included a BMI ≥85th percentile. After recruiting the first five patients with overweight/obesity from March to August 2019, we decided to remove BMI eligibility criteria given the applicability of our tool's focus on lifestyle and adolescents across the weight spectrum, as well as to enhance recruitment. This decision was made by the research team in conjunction with clinical staff involved in the trial.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 13 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 17 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Alberta Health services

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

University of Alberta

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Geoff DC Ball, PhD, RD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Alberta

Maryam Kebbe, PhD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

University of Alberta

Locations

Northeast Community Health Centre

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Countries

Canada

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Other Identifiers

Pro00083903

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id