Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.
COMPLETED
NA
109 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2019-01-07
2019-04-30
Brief Summary
Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.
This study will test the following hypotheses:
1. The ACT and MBSR books will both be feasible and acceptable with college students as evidenced by equivalently high satisfaction and engagement rates.
2. The ACT and MBSR books will be equally effective in improving mental health and well-being among college students.
3. The ACT book will produce larger improvements in valued action, and the MBSR book will produce larger improvements in mindfulness.
4. Valued action will be a stronger predictor of improvements in mental health in the ACT condition and mindfulness will be a stronger predictor of improvements in the mindfulness condition.
Related Clinical Trials
Explore similar clinical trials based on study characteristics and research focus.
Self-help Books for Social Anxiety
NCT03297619
Attention Training Technique and Mindful Self-Compassion
NCT03332381
Mindfulness and Acceptance Applied in Colleges Through Web-Based Guided Self-Help (Phase II)
NCT02761681
Mindfulness and Acceptance Applied in Colleges Through Web-Based Guided Self-Help
NCT01808404
Evaluating an ACT Self-help Book for University Students
NCT06207214
Detailed Description
Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.
Total study participation will occur over approximately 8 weeks. all study procedures will be completed online, on a computer/mobile phone. After completing informed consent, participants will complete a baseline survey.
At the end of the baseline survey, participants will be randomly assigned to use a book based on ACT (The Happiness Trap) or MBSR (A Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Workbook). Participants will be asked not to access other self-help books during the study duration. Participants will be provided with an 8-week reading schedule and a link to the assigned book. Participants will be asked to complete a mid-treatment survey 4 weeks after the beginning of treatment. The mid-treatment survey will include questions about adherence. Participants will be asked to complete a post-treatment survey 8 weeks after the beginning of treatment. This survey will also ask about adherence (reading, use of strategies taught in the book). Researcher contact will involve reminders to complete assessments, basic email assistance in identifying and responding to any barriers to using the self-help book, and twice-weekly reminders of the suggested reading schedule.
After completing the initial assessment participants will be sent a link to The Happiness Trap if they are assigned to the ACT condition, or a link to the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Workbook if they are in the MBSR condition. They will be able to access the book online at any time. Participants will be asked to read assigned chapters on an 8-week schedule.
The Happiness Trap is based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, a modern cognitive behavioral therapy that combines acceptance and mindfulness methods with values and behavior change methods. The primary treatment components in The Happiness Trap are psychoeducation of ACT, defusion, acceptance, mindfulness, self-as-context, value, behavioral commitment.
A Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Workbook is based on Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, a standardized approach to teaching mindfulness, primarily through meditation practices. The primary treatment components in A Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Workbook are psychoeducation about mindfulness and mindfulness meditation and various types of mindfulness meditation practice, such as mind-body connection, loving-kindness meditation, interpersonal mindfulness, and the healthy path of mindful eating, exercise, rest, and connection.
Conditions
See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.
Study Design
Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.
RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.
ACT self-help book condition
Participants in this condition will be assigned to read The Happiness Trap by Harris (2008), a self-help book based on acceptance and commitment therapy.
The Happiness Trap
Participants assigned to this condition will be asked to read this self-help book over an 8-week period.
MBSR self-help book condition
Participants in this condition will be assigned to read A Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Workbook by Stahl and Goldstein (2010), a self-help book based on Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction.
A Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Workbook
Participants assigned to this condition will be asked to read this self-help book over an 8-week period.
Interventions
Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.
The Happiness Trap
Participants assigned to this condition will be asked to read this self-help book over an 8-week period.
A Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Workbook
Participants assigned to this condition will be asked to read this self-help book over an 8-week period.
Eligibility Criteria
Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.
Inclusion Criteria
* Enrolled at Utah State University
* Have not participated in other self-help studies run by the USU CBS Lab
* Interested in using self-help book for improving mental health and well-being
Exclusion Criteria
* Not a student at Utah State University
* Have participated in previous self-help studies run by the CBS Lab
* Not interested in using a self-help book for improving mental health and well-being
18 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.
Utah State University
OTHER
Responsible Party
Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.
Michael Levin
Associate Professor
Principal Investigators
Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.
Michael Levin, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Utah State University
Locations
Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.
Utah State University
Logan, Utah, United States
Countries
Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.
References
Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.
Abramowitz JS, Moore EL, Braddock AE, Harrington DL. Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: a controlled trial. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2009 Mar;40(1):98-105. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.004. Epub 2008 Apr 26.
Baer RA, Smith GT, Hopkins J, Krietemeyer J, Toney L. Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment. 2006 Mar;13(1):27-45. doi: 10.1177/1073191105283504.
Blanco C, Okuda M, Wright C, Hasin DS, Grant BF, Liu SM, Olfson M. Mental health of college students and their non-college-attending peers: results from the National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Dec;65(12):1429-37. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.12.1429.
Center for Collegiate Mental Health (2012). CCAPS 2012 Technical Manual. University Park, PA
Gillanders DT, Bolderston H, Bond FW, Dempster M, Flaxman PE, Campbell L, Kerr S, Tansey L, Noel P, Ferenbach C, Masley S, Roach L, Lloyd J, May L, Clarke S, Remington B. The development and initial validation of the cognitive fusion questionnaire. Behav Ther. 2014 Jan;45(1):83-101. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2013.09.001. Epub 2013 Sep 18.
Harris, R. (2007). The happiness trap: How to stop struggling and start living. Penguin Random House.
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2011). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: The process and practice of mindful change. New York: The Guilford Press.
Hayes SC, Villatte M, Levin M, Hildebrandt M. Open, aware, and active: contextual approaches as an emerging trend in the behavioral and cognitive therapies. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2011;7:141-68. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104449.
Hunt J, Eisenberg D. Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. J Adolesc Health. 2010 Jan;46(1):3-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.008. Epub 2009 Oct 20.
Kabat-Zinn J. (1990). Full Catastrophe Living. New York: Delacorte.
Keyes CL. Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005 Jun;73(3):539-48. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.539.
Levin ME, Krafft J, Levin C. Does self-help increase rates of help seeking for student mental health problems by minimizing stigma as a barrier? J Am Coll Health. 2018 May-Jun;66(4):302-309. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1440580. Epub 2018 Apr 19.
Levin, M.E., Krafft, J., Pistorello, J. & Seeley, J.R. (In Press). Assessing psychological inflexibility in university students: Development and validation of the acceptance and action questionnaire for university students (AAQ-US). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science.
Levin ME, Pistorello J, Seeley JR, Hayes SC. Feasibility of a prototype web-based acceptance and commitment therapy prevention program for college students. J Am Coll Health. 2014;62(1):20-30. doi: 10.1080/07448481.2013.843533.
Levin, M.E., Stocke, K., Pierce, B. & Levin, C. (2018). Do college students use online self-help? A survey of intentions and use of mental health resources. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 32, 181-198.
Lovibond, S. H. & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, (2nd ed.). Sydney, AU: Psychology Foundation of Australia.
McCracken LM, Chilcot J, Norton S. Further development in the assessment of psychological flexibility: a shortened Committed Action Questionnaire (CAQ-8). Eur J Pain. 2015 May;19(5):677-85. doi: 10.1002/ejp.589. Epub 2014 Sep 2.
Rosen, G.M., & Lilienfeld, S.O. (2016). On the failure of psychology to advance self-help: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as a case example. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 46, 71-77.
Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones J, Santesteban-Echarri O, Pryor I, McGorry P, Alvarez-Jimenez M. Web-Based Mindfulness Interventions for Mental Health Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Ment Health. 2018 Sep 25;5(3):e10278. doi: 10.2196/10278.
Smout, M.F., Davies, M., Burns, N., & Christie, A. (2014). Evaluating acceptance and commitment therapy: Development of the valuing questionnaire. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3, 164-172.
Stahl, B. & Goldstein, E. (2010). A Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Workbook. New Harbinger Publications
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
9792
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
More Related Trials
Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.