Neurophysiologic Signatures of Trigeminal Neuralgia Pain

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

61 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-02-01

Study Completion Date

2022-05-12

Brief Summary

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Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is an idiopathic pain disorder that is characterized by episodic attacks of intense facial pain, described as paroxysms of stabbing, electric, or explosive pain, and lasting for a few seconds or longer, often producing a tic-like facial movement, and can occur up to hundreds of times per day. This pain is known to be one of the worst pain conditions that a patient can suffer and has been called the "suicide disease". Given the severity of this disorder, determining the cause becomes essential for finding a cure. This project will study the cause of TN using a translational approach, which means the research project will be completed in both humans and animals. The investigators hypothesize that there are specific areas of the brain and spinal cord that will provide a "signature" center of activity. The study team will use state of the art magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines and other non-invasive brain activity measurements, including electroencephalography (EEG) to locate these centers in people with TN before and after their pain has started. Recent studies have investigated the effects of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) for pain control. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) includes transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). This approach is important because identifying similar regions neural activity will allow for us to study novel therapies in search of the cure for TN and this study has thus both basic and clinical neuroscience significance.

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Detailed Description

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Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is an extremely painful and highly disabling orofacial pain disorder, often referred to as the "suicide disease," for which presently available therapies are largely ineffective or inadequate. Both the unpredictable response to treatment and variability in long-term clinical outcomes in TN strongly suggest that a range of peripheral and central mechanisms remain to be understood. The long-term goal is to identify the mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of TN, and uncover rational targets for the safe and effective treatment of TN. The objective of this application is to explore the use of multimodal neuroimaging and neurophysiologic techniques in defining neural signatures of the disease. Additionally, the study team wants to evaluate the efficacy of transcranial electrical stimulation on relieving pain. The rationale for the proposed research is that identification of signature peripheral and central activation sites will allow for individualized treatment strategies for TN patients.

To modulate brain activities the investigators will use transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). tES is an emerging neuromodulation technique that can be noninvasively and safely applied in humans. tES can help better understand the causal roles of brain networks and brain activities and has shown efficacy in improving pain. tES has two main variations: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). The former applies a weak direct current to the scalp whereas the latter applies a weak sinusoidal current to the scalp. tDCS can modulate the excitability of tissues under the stimulating electrodes. tACS is particularly suited for interacting with various oscillatory activities in the brain. tES has been used to study normal brain function and treat neurological and pain disorders as well. There is demonstrated efficacy in improvement of pain in subjects suffering from fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain. The study team will use different tDCS/tACS montages targeting different brain regions and observe behavior and neuronal activities. The current strength will be within 1mA or 2mA which has been shown to be safe and effective.

Conditions

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Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN)

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

The investigators will use of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) to evaluate pain in patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN).

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Trigeminal Neuralgia Pain Diagnosis

Healthy patients between the ages of 18-75 who have been diagnosed with moderate to severe Trigeminal Neuralgia Pain. The study team will perform transcranial electrical brain stimulation using either electrodes that are in the form of two salt-water soaked sponges attached to the head or a set of smaller gel-covered disk electrodes that fit inside the electrode holders of the EEG cap. During stimulation a weak direct or alternating current will be passed through the stimulating electrodes. Stimulation may last 20 to 30 minutes.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

transcranial electrical brain stimulation

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Pain ratings will be recorded before and after transcranial brain electrical stimulation procedures using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Interventions

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transcranial electrical brain stimulation

Pain ratings will be recorded before and after transcranial brain electrical stimulation procedures using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Other Intervention Names

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tES

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Healthy subjects who have been diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) pain (ASA status 1, 2, or 3).
* Subjects diagnosed with TN pain must have average pain in the moderate to severe (Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of 30-100 mm) range. These subjects will be asked to stop their current medications for 24 hours prior to their scan.
* Patients diagnosed with classical trigeminal neuralgia, type 1 \[TN1, G50.00\], or symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia \[TN2, G53.80\] according to the International Classification of Headache (IHS) Disorders criteria (7).

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients diagnosed with post-herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuropathic pain, and trigeminal deafferentation pain.
* TN subjects with ASA status 4-5 and Emergency operation.
* Presence of chronic disease (e.g. cardiovascular disease, liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes, etc.), other than trigeminal neuralgia.
* Pregnant females

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

75 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes