Snuff Use, Smoking, Periodontal Health and Premature Death: 30-year Study
NCT ID: NCT03614871
Last Updated: 2018-08-03
Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Total Enrollment
1676 participants
Study Classification
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Start Date
2016-01-01
Study Completion Date
2018-07-13
Brief Summary
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Snuff use and smoking associated with poor periodontal health, especially if used together.
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Detailed Description
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Aim: The investigators investigated how snuff use and smoking affect periodontal health parameters and mortality in a Swedish cohort, hypothesizing that snuff use increases the risks.
Material and methods: Study cohort of 1 532 subjects aged 30 to 40 (758 men and 774 women) from Stockholm area was clinically examined and followed up from 1985 to 2015. Associations were analysed between periodontal health parameters, snuff use, smoking and age of death. For analyses, all subjects were classified into four groups: "dual-users" (current and ex-snuffers, current and ex-smokers); "pure snuffers" (current and ex-snuffers); "pure smokers" (non-snuffers, current and ex-smokers) and "non-users" (non-snuffers and non-smokers). Cross-tabulation, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used.
Material and methods: Study cohort of 1 532 subjects aged 30 to 40 (758 men and 774 women) from Stockholm area was clinically examined and followed up from 1985 to 2015. Associations were analysed between periodontal health parameters, snuff use, smoking and age of death. For analyses, all subjects were classified into four groups: "dual-users" (current and ex-snuffers, current and ex-smokers); "pure snuffers" (current and ex-snuffers); "pure smokers" (non-snuffers, current and ex-smokers) and "non-users" (non-snuffers and non-smokers). Cross-tabulation, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used.
Conditions
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Tobacco Use
Periodontitis
Study Design
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Observational Model Type
COHORT
Study Time Perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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No arms
There are no interventions
Epidemiological study
Intervention Type
OTHER
Interventions
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Epidemiological study
Intervention Type
OTHER
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* In 1985-1986 a sample was selected from the registry file of all inhabitants of the Stockholm area, of people born on the 20th of any month from 1945 to 1954.The sample comprised 3200 people. They were informed about the purpose of the study and called for clinical investigation. 1681 (52.5%) individuals, 840 men and 841 women, participated in the study. From the remaining 1519 non-respondents to the initial call, 100 randomly selected subjects, 45 men and 55 women, were reinformed and persuaded and finally agreed to participate in this investigation. They were used as a drop-out control sample.
Exclusion Criteria
* Other people
Minimum Eligible Age
30 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
40 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Sponsors
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Karolinska Institutet
OTHER
Sponsor Role
collaborator
University of Helsinki
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Anna Julkunen
Principal Investigator
Responsibility Role
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
References
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Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW. Periodontal diseases. Lancet. 2005 Nov 19;366(9499):1809-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67728-8.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Nibali L, Farias BC, Vajgel A, Tu YK, Donos N. Tooth loss in aggressive periodontitis: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2013 Oct;92(10):868-75. doi: 10.1177/0022034513501878. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Page RC, Eke PI. Case Definitions for Use in Population-Based Surveillance of Periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2007 Jul;78 Suppl 7S:1387-1399. doi: 10.1902/jop.2007.060264.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Seymour GJ, Taylor JJ. Shouts and whispers: An introduction to immunoregulation in periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2004;35:9-13. doi: 10.1111/j.0906-6713.2004.003555.x. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Mattila VM, Raisamo S, Pihlajamaki H, Mantysaari M, Rimpela A. Sports activity and the use of cigarettes and snus among young males in Finland in 1999-2010. BMC Public Health. 2012 Mar 22;12:230. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-230.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Mundel T. Nicotine: Sporting Friend or Foe? A Review of Athlete Use, Performance Consequences and Other Considerations. Sports Med. 2017 Dec;47(12):2497-2506. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0764-5.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Siddiqi K, Shah S, Abbas SM, Vidyasagaran A, Jawad M, Dogar O, Sheikh A. Global burden of disease due to smokeless tobacco consumption in adults: analysis of data from 113 countries. BMC Med. 2015 Aug 17;13:194. doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0424-2.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Carlsson S, Andersson T, Araghi M, Galanti R, Lager A, Lundberg M, Nilsson P, Norberg M, Pedersen NL, Trolle-Lagerros Y, Magnusson C. Smokeless tobacco (snus) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes: results from five pooled cohorts. J Intern Med. 2017 Apr;281(4):398-406. doi: 10.1111/joim.12592. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Genco RJ, Borgnakke WS. Risk factors for periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2013 Jun;62(1):59-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00457.x.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Heikkinen AM, Pajukanta R, Pitkaniemi J, Broms U, Sorsa T, Koskenvuo M, Meurman JH. The effect of smoking on periodontal health of 15- to 16-year-old adolescents. J Periodontol. 2008 Nov;79(11):2042-7. doi: 10.1902/jop.2008.080205.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Natvig Norderhaug I, Dybing E, Gilljam H, Lind PO, Lund KE, Morland J, Stegmayr B, Hofmann B, Orjasaeter Elvsaas IK. Health Effects and Dependency Associated with Snuff Consumption [Internet]. Oslo, Norway: Knowledge Centre for the Health Services at The Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH); 2005 Jun. Report from Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services (NOKC) No. 06-2005. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK464770/
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Hugoson A, Rolandsson M. Periodontal disease in relation to smoking and the use of Swedish snus: epidemiological studies covering 20 years (1983-2003). J Clin Periodontol. 2011 Sep;38(9):809-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01749.x. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Bergstrom J, Keilani H, Lundholm C, Radestad U. Smokeless tobacco (snuff) use and periodontal bone loss. J Clin Periodontol. 2006 Aug;33(8):549-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00945.x.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Lee PN. Epidemiological evidence relating snus to health--an updated review based on recent publications. Harm Reduct J. 2013 Dec 6;10:36. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-10-36.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Timberlake DS, Nikitin D, Johnson NJ, Altekruse SF. A longitudinal study of smokeless tobacco use and mortality in the United States. Int J Cancer. 2017 Jul 15;141(2):264-270. doi: 10.1002/ijc.30736. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Loe H. The Gingival Index, the Plaque Index and the Retention Index Systems. J Periodontol. 1967 Nov-Dec;38(6):Suppl:610-6. doi: 10.1902/jop.1967.38.6.610. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
GREENE JC, VERMILLION JR. THE SIMPLIFIED ORAL HYGIENE INDEX. J Am Dent Assoc. 1964 Jan;68:7-13. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1964.0034. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Soder PO, Jin LJ, Soder B, Wikner S. Periodontal status in an urban adult population in Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994 Apr;22(2):106-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1994.tb01582.x.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Soder B, Jin LJ, Soder PO, Wikner S. Clinical characteristics of destructive periodontitis in a risk group of Swedish urban adults. Swed Dent J. 1995;19(1-2):9-15.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Henley SJ, Thun MJ, Connell C, Calle EE. Two large prospective studies of mortality among men who use snuff or chewing tobacco (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2005 May;16(4):347-58. doi: 10.1007/s10552-004-5519-6.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
An N, Andrukhov O, Tang Y, Falkensammer F, Bantleon HP, Ouyang X, Rausch-Fan X. Effect of nicotine and porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on endothelial cells in vitro. PLoS One. 2014 May 12;9(5):e96942. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096942. eCollection 2014.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Benowitz NL. Nicotine and smokeless tobacco. CA Cancer J Clin. 1988 Jul-Aug;38(4):244-7. doi: 10.3322/canjclin.38.4.244.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Tanner T, Kamppi A, Pakkila J, Jarvelin MR, Patinen P, Tjaderhane L, Anttonen V. Association of smoking and snuffing with dental caries occurrence in a young male population in Finland: a cross-sectional study. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014 Nov;72(8):1017-24. doi: 10.3109/00016357.2014.942877. Epub 2014 Aug 20.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Engstrom K, Magnusson C, Galanti MR. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health characteristics among snus users and dual tobacco users in Stockholm County, Sweden. BMC Public Health. 2010 Oct 18;10:619. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-619.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Norberg M, Malmberg G, Ng N, Brostrom G. Who is using snus? - Time trends, socioeconomic and geographic characteristics of snus users in the ageing Swedish population. BMC Public Health. 2011 Dec 14;11:929. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-929.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Other Identifiers
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00290
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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