The Effectiveness of Different Methods for Healing a Palatal Donor Site
NCT ID: NCT03567148
Last Updated: 2018-06-25
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
90 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2017-01-31
2018-01-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Palatal keratinized mucosa is the most favorable donor region for a free gingival graft (FGG) due to its anatomic properties such as being histologically identical to keratinized attached mucosa of alveolar ridge and its ideal tissue thickness. The FGG surgical wound heals within 2-4 weeks, and prolonged bleeding, pain, and delayed wound healing of either the donor or recipient sites, which increases the patient's risk of morbidity, are the most common postoperative complications following surgery. Although homeostatic agents, mechanical barriers, and bioactive materials have been found to be effective in preventing these complications, the most ideal treatment has not yet been determined.
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a platelet concentrate, is a safe and cost-effectiveness procedure that does not require biochemical blood handling. PRF has been used in many fields as an autologous biomaterial with a great healing potential for regenerating soft tissue and bones without inflammatory reactions, and it may be used to promote hemostasis and wound healing due to the presence of many growth factors. Recent studies have concluded that using PRF membranes after harvesting FGG enhances wound healing, reduces a patient's discomfort, and decreases need to change eating habits; thus, it reduces patient morbidity.
An Essix® retainer (Clear Advantage Series, Ortho Technology, Florida, USA) is a thermoplastic material used for stabilization after orthodontic treatment. It has been reported that gingival wounds that heal by secondary intention should be sheltered during the period of epithelization to protect against topical irritants, trauma, acidic or highly seasoned foods, and toothbrush abrasion.
It has been suggested that hemostatic agents provide faster and continuous hemostasis and make a positive contribution to early soft tissue healing. Application of hemostatic agents to the palatal donor sites has been found to be highly beneficial for achieving hemostasis in comparison to pressure only. Collagen fleece is a hemostatic agent that is made from the natural collagen of porcine dermis. The structure of the collagen promotes the formation and stabilization of blood clots during the initial wound healing phase. Recently, collagen-based materials have been used to improve early wound healing with an open healing design in the palatal area.
Ozone is a natural gaseous molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. The use of ozone has been proposed in dentistry because of its a strong oxidation effect and its antimicrobial potential, biocompatibility, and healing properties. In a previous study, the application of ozonated oil was reported to improve epithelial healing and gingival health following topical application. Taşdemir et al. concluded that ozone therapy could enhance wound healing, and the patients receiving this therapy experienced less pain after FGG operations than patients that had not received it.
Lower-level laser therapy (LLLT) is known as 'soft laser therapy' or 'bio-stimulation'. In dentistry, LLLT is usually used to accelerate wound healing, enhance remodeling and repair of bone, and reduce pain. Application of LLLT has been shown to improve wound healing after FGG and gingivectomy.
In light of this aforementioned information, it has been hypothesized that applications of PRF, an Essix retainer, collagen fleece, ozone therapy, and LLLT can result in improved wound healing after harvesting FGG in comparison to spontaneous healing. Thus, the present study aimed to assess and compare the effectiveness of these methods on palatal wound healing and patient morbidity.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
SINGLE
Study Groups
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PRF group
Four layers of PRF membranes were placed in the palatal wound and sutured with 5/0 resorbable sutures
PRF
Applying to the palatal wounds
Essix retainer group
An impression of palatal region was taken and the Essix retainer was prepared before the patients underwent surgery.
Essix retainer
Applying to the palatal wounds
Ozone therapy group
Ozone was applied to the donor sites at five different points (four corner-points and a center point) at a fixed concentration of 2100 p.p.m. through a connected hand-piece, using a sterile, specially-formed perio-tip with 80% oxygen for 30 seconds. The applications were performed immediately after surgery and on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days following the operation.
Ozone therapy
Applying to the palatal wounds
LLLT group
Irradiation was performed at the same points described above using a diode laser (λ=970±15 nm, 14-W source power) (SIROLaser Xtend; Sirona Dental Systems GmbH, Bensheim, Germany) that continuously emitted a wavelength with 320µm fiberoptic; the power was 2W and the tissue dose was 35 J/cm2. Total irradiation time was 30 seconds. The applications were performed immediately after surgery, and on the 1st, 3rd and 7th, days following the operation.
LLLT
Applying to the palatal wounds
Collagen fleece group
Collagen fleece (BEGO Collagen Fleece, Bremen, Germany) was sutured with 5/0 resorbable sutures (Pegesorb, Istanbul, Turkey) on the open wound with the aid of vertical mattress sutures.
Collagen fleece
Applying to the palatal wounds
Control group
Palatal wounds were left for spontaneous healing
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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PRF
Applying to the palatal wounds
Essix retainer
Applying to the palatal wounds
Ozone therapy
Applying to the palatal wounds
LLLT
Applying to the palatal wounds
Collagen fleece
Applying to the palatal wounds
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* systemically healthy,
* non-smoker,
* full-mouth plaque and bleeding scores \<20%,
* isolated gingival recession defects on the mandibular and maxillary anterior teeth with insufficient keratinized gingiva,
Exclusion Criteria
* pregnancy
* systemic antibiotics taken for at least six months before the study
* having systemic diseases that could compromise wound healing
18 Years
70 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Gazi University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Sıla Çağrı İşler
Principal Investigator
Principal Investigators
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Deniz Cetiner, Prof. Dr.
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Gazi University
References
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Gumus P, Buduneli E. Graft stabilization with cyanoacrylate decreases shrinkage of free gingival grafts. Aust Dent J. 2014 Mar;59(1):57-64. doi: 10.1111/adj.12149. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
Harrison JS, Conlan MJ, Deas DE. An alternative donor site for an epithelialized-free soft-tissue autograft. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2011 Mar;32(2):e29-31.
Kim DM, Neiva R. Periodontal soft tissue non-root coverage procedures: a systematic review from the AAP Regeneration Workshop. J Periodontol. 2015 Feb;86(2 Suppl):S56-72. doi: 10.1902/jop.2015.130684.
Sanz M, Simion M; Working Group 3 of the European Workshop on Periodontology. Surgical techniques on periodontal plastic surgery and soft tissue regeneration: consensus report of Group 3 of the 10th European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Apr;41 Suppl 15:S92-7. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12215.
Brasher WJ, Rees TD, Boyce WA. Complications of free grafts of masticatory mucosa. J Periodontol. 1975 Mar;46(3):133-8. doi: 10.1902/jop.1975.46.3.133.
Keceli HG, Aylikci BU, Koseoglu S, Dolgun A. Evaluation of palatal donor site haemostasis and wound healing after free gingival graft surgery. J Clin Periodontol. 2015 Jun;42(6):582-9. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12404. Epub 2015 May 19.
Dohan DM, Choukroun J, Diss A, Dohan SL, Dohan AJ, Mouhyi J, Gogly B. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part I: technological concepts and evolution. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006 Mar;101(3):e37-44. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.07.008. Epub 2006 Jan 19.
Borie E, Olivi DG, Orsi IA, Garlet K, Weber B, Beltran V, Fuentes R. Platelet-rich fibrin application in dentistry: a literature review. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 May 15;8(5):7922-9. eCollection 2015.
Kulkarni MR, Thomas BS, Varghese JM, Bhat GS. Platelet-rich fibrin as an adjunct to palatal wound healing after harvesting a free gingival graft: A case series. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014 May;18(3):399-402. doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.134591.
Femminella B, Iaconi MC, Di Tullio M, Romano L, Sinjari B, D'Arcangelo C, De Ninis P, Paolantonio M. Clinical Comparison of Platelet-Rich Fibrin and a Gelatin Sponge in the Management of Palatal Wounds After Epithelialized Free Gingival Graft Harvest: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Periodontol. 2016 Feb;87(2):103-13. doi: 10.1902/jop.2015.150198. Epub 2015 Aug 27.
Rossmann JA, Rees TD. A comparative evaluation of hemostatic agents in the management of soft tissue graft donor site bleeding. J Periodontol. 1999 Nov;70(11):1369-75. doi: 10.1902/jop.1999.70.11.1369.
Silverstein ME, Chvapil M. Experimental and clinical experiences with collagen fleece as a hemostatic agent. J Trauma. 1981 May;21(5):388-93. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198105000-00011.
Thoma DS, Hilbe M, Bienz SP, Sancho-Puchades M, Hammerle CH, Jung RE. Palatal wound healing using a xenogeneic collagen matrix - histological outcomes of a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2016 Dec;43(12):1124-1131. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12624. Epub 2016 Oct 25.
Nogales CG, Ferrari PH, Kantorovich EO, Lage-Marques JL. Ozone therapy in medicine and dentistry. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2008 May 1;9(4):75-84.
Patel PV, Kumar V, Kumar S, Gd V, Patel A. Therapeutic effect of topical ozonated oil on the epithelial healing of palatal wound sites: a planimetrical and cytological study. J Investig Clin Dent. 2011 Nov;2(4):248-58. doi: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2011.00072.x. Epub 2011 Jul 7.
Tasdemir Z, Alkan BA, Albayrak H. Effects of Ozone Therapy on the Early Healing Period of Deepithelialized Gingival Grafts: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Periodontol. 2016 Jun;87(6):663-71. doi: 10.1902/jop.2016.150217. Epub 2016 Jan 16.
Aggarwal H, Singh MP, Nahar P, Mathur H, Gv S. Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers - a sham controlled, split mouth follow up study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Feb;8(2):218-21. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/7639.4064. Epub 2014 Feb 3.
Ustaoglu G, Ercan E, Tunali M. Low-Level Laser Therapy in Enhancing Wound Healing and Preserving Tissue Thickness at Free Gingival Graft Donor Sites: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study. Photomed Laser Surg. 2017 Apr;35(4):223-230. doi: 10.1089/pho.2016.4163. Epub 2017 Jan 12.
Ozcelik O, Cenk Haytac M, Kunin A, Seydaoglu G. Improved wound healing by low-level laser irradiation after gingivectomy operations: a controlled clinical pilot study. J Clin Periodontol. 2008 Mar;35(3):250-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01194.x.
Other Identifiers
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36290600/114
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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