A Multi-modal, Physician-centered Intervention to Improve Guideline-concordant Prostate Cancer Imaging
NCT ID: NCT03445559
Last Updated: 2025-07-28
Study Results
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View full resultsBasic Information
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ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
NA
58 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2018-04-09
2026-02-28
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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The investigators propose a multi-site, stepped wedge, cluster-randomized trial to determine the effect of a physician-focused behavioral intervention on VHA prostate cancer imaging use. The multi-level intervention, developed according to the Theoretical Determinants Framework, combines traditional physician behavior change methods with novel methods of communication and data collection. The intervention consists of three components: 1) a system of audit and feedback to clinicians informing individual clinicians and their sites about how their behavior compares to their peers' and to published guidelines 2) a program of academic detailing with the goal to educate providers about prostate cancer imaging, and 3) a CPRS Clinical Order Check for potentially inappropriate imaging. The intervention will be introduced to 10 participating geographically-distributed study sites.
The investigators will assess imaging rates 6 months prior to the intervention and 3 months following the intervention. The study's specific aims seek to understand the effects of the intervention on 1) facility-level prostate cancer imaging rates, 2) physician experience with and perceptions of the intervention and its implementation, and 3) the costs of both implementing the intervention and affecting change in imaging use. These aims will support a subsequent intervention to improve guideline-concordant imaging across VHA. Experience gained through this project will be leveraged to improve guideline-concordant care and increase operational effectiveness in other domains.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Control
No intervention
No interventions assigned to this group
Intervention
The intervention is comprised of three components: 1) Clinical Order Check, 2) Academic Detailing, and 3) Audit and Feedback.
Clinical Order Check
A Clinical Order Check is an evidence-based, systems-level method to affect significant behavior change. It addresses the intervention functions of education, enablement and incentivization which are effective methods to change behaviors driven by beliefs about capabilities, knowledge, social influences, beliefs about consequences, and environmental context and resources. All VA facilities currently use locally adapted clinical reminders. This strategy is technologically simple, straightforward, and is considered to be a best practice within the VA IT community. The reminder will be self-explanatory and non-intrusive to workflow.
Academic Detailing
Academic detailing is an individual and facility-level intervention consistently shown to improve provider behavior. This strategy addresses the intervention functions of persuasion, coercion, modeling, and education which are effective methods for affecting behaviors driven by beliefs about capabilities, knowledge, social influences, beliefs about consequences, and environmental context and resources. During the meeting, the detailer will follow a script explaining that the visit is part of an experimental program to provide physicians with up-to-date, unbiased information about imaging to stage prostate cancer.
Audit and Feedback
Audit and feedback is an effective, individual-level intervention for changing healthcare provider behavior, resulting in small but potentially clinically important benefits. Audit and feedback addresses the intervention functions of education, persuasion and incentivization, all of which are important for addressing beliefs about capabilities and consequences, knowledge, and social influence.
Interventions
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Clinical Order Check
A Clinical Order Check is an evidence-based, systems-level method to affect significant behavior change. It addresses the intervention functions of education, enablement and incentivization which are effective methods to change behaviors driven by beliefs about capabilities, knowledge, social influences, beliefs about consequences, and environmental context and resources. All VA facilities currently use locally adapted clinical reminders. This strategy is technologically simple, straightforward, and is considered to be a best practice within the VA IT community. The reminder will be self-explanatory and non-intrusive to workflow.
Academic Detailing
Academic detailing is an individual and facility-level intervention consistently shown to improve provider behavior. This strategy addresses the intervention functions of persuasion, coercion, modeling, and education which are effective methods for affecting behaviors driven by beliefs about capabilities, knowledge, social influences, beliefs about consequences, and environmental context and resources. During the meeting, the detailer will follow a script explaining that the visit is part of an experimental program to provide physicians with up-to-date, unbiased information about imaging to stage prostate cancer.
Audit and Feedback
Audit and feedback is an effective, individual-level intervention for changing healthcare provider behavior, resulting in small but potentially clinically important benefits. Audit and feedback addresses the intervention functions of education, persuasion and incentivization, all of which are important for addressing beliefs about capabilities and consequences, knowledge, and social influence.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Urology Chiefs and attending urologists employed through the VA (full time, part time) at one of the 10 participating sites
* Physician Assistants and Nurse Practitioners employed through the VA at one of the 10 participating sites that work in the respective urology clinics
* Providers may be any gender or race/ethnicity
Qualitative portion only:
* Urology Chiefs and/or frontline staff physicians
* participating PAs \& NPs having cared for at least 5 men with incident prostate cancer within the previous 6 months
* Patients will not be directly recruited into the study.
* The investigators have obtained a waiver of HIPAA authorization and informed consent to analyze electronic health records of patients that are diagnosed with ICD-9 code 185 or ICD-10 code C61 during the study period at the 10 participating sites.
Exclusion Criteria
* Urology Residents will be excluded.
Patients
* Patients will be excluded if they have a history of prior malignancy
* Are over the age of 85
* Diagnosed at autopsy or by death certificate
* Died within 3 months of diagnosis
* Not having data on at least one of the following:
* PSA
* clinical stage
* Gleason score
ALL
No
Sponsors
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VA Office of Research and Development
FED
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Danil V Makarov, MD MHS
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY
Locations
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VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
Palo Alto, California, United States
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles, CA
West Los Angeles, California, United States
VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Campus, West Haven, CT
West Haven, Connecticut, United States
Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY
New York, New York, United States
Syracuse VA Medical Center, Syracuse, NY
Syracuse, New York, United States
VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
Portland, Oregon, United States
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System University Drive Division, Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Division, Seattle, WA
Seattle, Washington, United States
William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
Madison, Wisconsin, United States
Countries
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References
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Makarov DV, Holmes-Rovner M, Rovner DR, Averch T, Barry MJ, Chrouser K, Gee WF, Goodrich K, Haynes M, Krahn M, Saigal C, Sox HC, Stacey D, Tessier C, Waterhouse RL, Fagerlin A. Quality Improvement Summit 2016: Shared Decision Making and Prostate Cancer Screening. Urol Pract. 2018 Nov;5(6):444-451. doi: 10.1016/j.urpr.2017.11.005. Epub 2017 Dec 4.
Skokan AJ, Dobbs RW, Harris AM, Tessier CD, Sajadi KP, Talwar R, Berger I, Guzzo TJ, Ziemba JB. Implementing a patient safety culture survey to identify and target process improvements in academic ambulatory urology practices: a multi-institutional collaborative. Can J Urol. 2020 Feb;27(1):10087-10092.
Ziemba JB, Tessier CD, Harris AM. Patient safety education and perceptions of safety culture in American and Canadian urological residency training programs. Can J Urol. 2020 Dec;27(6):10431-10436.
Hsiang W, Han X, Jemal A, Nguyen KA, Shuch B, Park H, Yu JB, Gross CP, Davidoff AJ, Leapman MS. The Association Between the Affordable Care Act and Insurance Status, Stage and Treatment in Patients with Testicular Cancer. Urol Pract. 2020 Jul;7(4):252-258. doi: 10.1097/upj.0000000000000109. Epub 2020 Jul 1.
Grinberg AS, Sellinger JJ, Sprenkle PC, Bandin AJ, Nawaf CB, Syed JS, Leapman MS. Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Procedural Anxiety During Transrectal Prostate Biopsy. Urology. 2020 Mar;137:26-32. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.12.024. Epub 2019 Dec 29.
Abello A, Leapman M, Kenney PA. Chasing the Pack: Association between Urology Hospital Rankings and Surgical Outcome. J Urol. 2020 May;203(5):890-891. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000710. Epub 2019 Dec 20. No abstract available.
You H, Shang W, Min X, Weinreb J, Li Q, Leapman M, Wang L, Tian J. Sight and switch off: Nerve density visualization for interventions targeting nerves in prostate cancer. Sci Adv. 2020 Feb 5;6(6):eaax6040. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aax6040. eCollection 2020 Feb.
Rajwa P, Hopen P, Mu L, Paradysz A, Wojnarowicz J, Gross CP, Leapman MS. Online Crowdfunding Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Gen Intern Med. 2020 Aug;35(8):2482-2484. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05896-x. Epub 2020 May 27. No abstract available.
Ghabili K, Park HS, Yu JB, Sprenkle PC, Kim SP, Nguyen KA, Ma X, Gross CP, Leapman MS. National trends in the management of patients with positive surgical margins at radical prostatectomy. World J Urol. 2021 Apr;39(4):1141-1151. doi: 10.1007/s00345-020-03298-6. Epub 2020 Jun 19.
Leapman MS, Presley CJ, Zhu W, Soulos PR, Adelson KB, Miksad RA, Boffa DJ, Gross CP. Association of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression Status With Receipt of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Jun 1;3(6):e207205. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.7205.
Hsiang WR, Honig S, Leapman MS. Evaluation of Online Telehealth Platforms for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction. J Urol. 2021 Feb;205(2):330-332. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000001378. Epub 2020 Sep 18. No abstract available.
Salazar MC, Canavan ME, Walters SL, Herrin J, Schwartz JL, Leapman M, Boffa DJ. Evaluation of Cancer Care After Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Sep 1;3(9):e2017544. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17544.
Miccio JA, Talcott WJ, Jairam V, Park HS, Yu JB, Leapman MS, Johnson SB, King MT, Nguyen PL, Kann BH. Quantifying treatment selection bias effect on survival in comparative effectiveness research: findings from low-risk prostate cancer patients. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021 Jun;24(2):414-422. doi: 10.1038/s41391-020-00291-3. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
Becker DJ, Rude T, Walter D, Wang C, Loeb S, Li H, Ciprut S, Kelly M, Zeliadt SB, Fagerlin A, Lepor H, Sherman S, Ravenell JE, Makarov DV. The Association of Veterans' PSA Screening Rates With Changes in USPSTF Recommendations. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021 May 4;113(5):626-631. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djaa120.
Lane GI, Ellimoottil C, Wallner L, Lenherr S, Clemens JQ. Patient Reported Shared Decision Making in Urology from the Surgical Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Survey. Urol Pract. 2021 May;8(3):341-347. doi: 10.1097/UPJ.0000000000000216. Epub 2020 Dec 28.
Kirk PS, Borza T, Caram MEV, Shumway DA, Makarov DV, Burns JA, Shelton JB, Leppert JT, Chapman C, Chang M, Hollenbeck BK, Skolarus TA. Characterising potential bone scan overuse amongst men treated with radical prostatectomy. BJU Int. 2019 Jul;124(1):55-61. doi: 10.1111/bju.14551. Epub 2018 Nov 12.
Ciprut SE, Kelly MD, Walter D, Hoffman R, Becker DJ, Loeb S, Sedlander E, Tenner CT, Sherman SE, Zeliadt SB, Makarov DV. A Clinical Reminder Order Check Intervention to Improve Guideline-concordant Imaging Practices for Men With Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study. Urology. 2020 Nov;145:113-119. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.05.101. Epub 2020 Jul 25.
Makarov DV, Ciprut S, Kelly M, Walter D, Shedlin MG, Braithwaite RS, Tenner CT, Gold HT, Zeliadt S, Sherman SE. Protocol: A multi-modal, physician-centered intervention to improve guideline-concordant prostate cancer imaging. Trials. 2021 Oct 18;22(1):711. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05645-3.
Makarov DV, Thomas JK, Ciprut S, Rivera AJ, Sherman SE, Braithwaite RS, Best SL, Blakely S, D'Agostino LA, Dahm P, Dash A, Leapman MS, Leppert JT, Sanchez A, Shelton JB, Tessier CD, Tenner CT, Gold HT, Shedlin MG, Zeliadt SB. Prostate Cancer Imaging Stewardship: a multi-modal, physician-centered intervention for guideline-concordant imaging. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2025 Aug 11:djaf210. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djaf210. Online ahead of print.
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan
Other Identifiers
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HX002038
Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT
Identifier Source: secondary_id
IIR 15-356
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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