Multimodality Investigation of Intermediate Culprit Lesion With Negative FFR in NSTE-ACS

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

35 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2017-06-28

Study Completion Date

2021-04-28

Brief Summary

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Ten-fifteen percent of acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation (NSTE-ACS) are caused by intermediate lesions without signs of unstable plaque. In this subset of patients, fractional flow reserve (FFR) has some drawbacks and may not be always able to predict outcome, especially when negative (above 0.80). In this particular nique of patients, advanced imaging techniques are suggested by International guidelines. However, it is actually unknown how these techniques may impact treatment strategies. With the present study, the investigators want to characterize the mechanism of disease in this particular subset of patients through multimodality imaging (intravascular ultrasound-near infrared spectroscopy (IVUS-NIRS), optical coherence tomography (OCT)) in order to understand the proper treatment.

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Detailed Description

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Acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation (NSTE-ACS) is by far the most frequent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the western world. In most of the cases, it is caused by a clearly identifiable culprit lesion, configuring a significant angiographic stenosis (\>70%), with flux limitation and typical aspects of unstable plaque (thrombosis). In these cases, the one and only treatment is stent implantation. In a small percentage of patients (10-15%), NSTE-ACS is caused by an angiographically intermediate lesion (40-70%). This lesion is identifiable as culprit, but without the typical signs of unstable plaque.

In patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) presenting with this type of lesion, fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the actual gold-standard for ischemic burden evaluation. Several studies showed that if FFR value is ≤0.80, the treatment with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with a significant reduction of hard cardiovascular events. When FFR is negative (\>0.80), optical medical therapy showed a better outcome when compared to percutaneous intervention. In NSTE-ACS, FFR evaluation of intermediate lesions is still mandatory, as a recent study showed a better outcome in patient with positive fractional flow reserve treated invasively with stenting compared to patients treated solely based on angiography (1). When FFR is negative, several authors and studies suggest that further imaging techniques are needed. In this subgroup of patients with intermediate stenosis without angiographic evidence of plaque rupture, European Guidelines (2) suggest utilization of intravascular ultrasound-near infrared spectroscopy (IVUS-NIRS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT) in order to better characterize the culprit plaque. At the same time, the therapeutic strategy is left to the operator's discretion: some implant a stent in order to reduce occurrence of future events, while some others leave the patient in optical medical therapy without stent implantation. Moreover, in these patients, it is still unclear the pathophysiology of the disease leading to ACS. In the last years, researchers focused their attention on plaque erosion, deemed to be responsible for most of these NSTE-ACS (3). An imaging study evaluated the incidence of plaque erosion in patients with ACS (4). This study enrolled an heterogeneous group of patients, evaluated with a single imaging technique (OCT).

Based on these background, the investigators hypothesized to perform a prospective single-center data registry on this highly selected subgroup of patients: NSTE-ACS with culprit intermediate lesion with negative FFR evaluation.

Investigators will enroll consecutive patients with NSTE-ACS with a culprit intermediate stenosis between 40 and 70% and in whom FFR evaluation will result negative (\>0.80). In these patients, the operator will perform IVUS-NIRS and OCT and a blood sample to evaluate endothelial function as per our previous experience (5). The study has no control group. Endothelial function and inflammatory state will be evaluated in all patients and will be compared to those obtained by patients enrolled in the NATHAN NEVER study (NCT02519608, Study ID: 150497)(5).

Aim of the present study is to understand whether in this group of patient endothelial function is impaired and which information is given by intracoronary imaging (presence of plaque erosion). The present study is a prospective data collection. Thus, a formal sample size calculation is not applicable. Contemporaneously, for pilot studies, at least 30 patients are recommended (6).

Conditions

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Myocardial Ischemia

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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NSTE-ACS with intermediate stenosis and negative FFR

Patients hospitalized because of an acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation and with intermediate culprit lesion with negative fractional flow reserve evaluation (\>0.80).

NSTE-ACS with intermediate stenosis and negative FFR

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Patients will undergo intracoronary imaging evaluation with IVUS-NIRS and OCT, endothelial function and inflammatory state evaluation.

Interventions

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NSTE-ACS with intermediate stenosis and negative FFR

Patients will undergo intracoronary imaging evaluation with IVUS-NIRS and OCT, endothelial function and inflammatory state evaluation.

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* diagnosis of no-ST elevation-acute coronary syndrome
* clinical indication to coronary artery angiography
* angiographic documentation of intermediate lesion (40%-70%) with anterograde TIMI 3 flow eligible for FFR evaluation
* negative FFR evaluation (\>0.80)

Exclusion Criteria

* cardiogenic shock
* any indication to stent treatment for lesion
* previous stent implantation on the target vessel
* left main disease
* massive thrombus presence in the culprit vessel
* life expectancy less than 12 months

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No