Ultrasound Guided Local Anesthetic Field Block (A Five Step Procedure) for Open Inguinal Hernia Repair

NCT ID: NCT03193723

Last Updated: 2018-10-04

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

96 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-10-01

Study Completion Date

2018-08-01

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The aim of this study is to evaluate success, efficacy, feasibility and safety of a simple five step ultrasound guided local anesthetic infiltration technique for unilateral open inguinal hernia repair and to determine the non-inferiority of the block to spinal anesthesia by comparing intraoperative and postoperative complications, pain control and patient and surgeon satisfaction of the block with spinal anesthesia.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Open Inguinal hernia repair is one of the commonest procedures performed worldwide. Still, there is no consensus regarding the optimum anesthesia technique for this surgery. General, spinal, epidural and local anesthesia techniques have all been used, each having its own advantages and disadvantages.

General anesthesia carries risks of possible airway complications, postoperative deterioration of cognitive function, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and prolonged period of immobilization with associated risk of deep vein thrombosis and longer hospital stay. Spinal anesthesia, although effective, is not without risk in patients with decompensated heart disease, recent head injury, convulsions and coagulopathies. Also spinal and epidural anesthesia have been associated with hemodynamic instability, vomiting, urinary retention, post-dural puncture headache, and backache.

Use of pre-incision infiltration of local anesthetics for field blocks has been found to be an effective adjunct as well as an alternative to spinal and general anesthesia in many studies. Combined with sedation or on its own, it offers less cardiovascular instability, early ambulation and effective post-operative pain control. Also, it has been found to reduce hospital costs by 50% and gives better patient satisfaction.

Harvey Cushing and William Halsted first described the inguinal field block in 1900. since then, its efficacy and advantages have been compared by many surgeons and anesthesiologists in a number of studies. Refinements and modifications in the technique still continue. In 1963, Joseph L Ponka described in great detail a seven step procedure of performing it in 837 patients successfully.

In 1994, Parvis and colleagues did a step by step technique for local anesthetic infiltration field block for open inguinal hernia repair.

Ultrasonography is a safe and effective form of imaging. Over the past two decades, ultrasound equipment has become more compact, of higher quality and less expensive. Ultrasounds have been used to guide needle insertion and a number of approaches to nerves and plexuses have been reported. A clear advantage of the technique is that ultrasound produces "living pictures" or "real-time" images. The identification of neuronal and adjacent anatomical structures (blood vessels, peritoneum, bone, organs) along with the needle is another advantage. Moreover, anatomical variability may be responsible for block failures, and ultrasound technology enabling direct visualization may overcome this problem. Sonographic visualization allows for the performance of extra-epineurial needle tip positioning and administration of local anesthetic avoiding intra-epineurial injection.

A modification to the technique performed by Parvis and colleagues will be tested in this study. Our modification will be performing the technique under ultrasound guidance and completely before skin incision, which, to the best of our knowledge, was not attempted in the literature before.

Local anesthesia administered before skin incision produces longer postoperative analgesia because local infiltration theoretically inhibits the build-up of local nociceptive molecules and, therefore, there is better pain control in the postoperative period.This study aims at evaluating success, efficacy, feasibility and safety of a simple five step ultrasound guided local anesthetic infiltration technique for unilateral open inguinal hernia repair and also to compare intraoperative and postoperative complications and pain control of the block with spinal anesthesia.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Inguinal Hernia

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

A Randomized Controlled study.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Investigators Outcome Assessors
Single blinded

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Group A

US guided five step field block will be performed

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

US guided five step field block

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Ultrasound will guide needle insertion in the following layers (except intradermic injection):

* Subdermic infiltration. Approximately 8 milliliters
* Intradermic injection (making of the skin wheal). of approximately 6 milliliters.
* Deep subcutaneous injection. 8 milliliters of the mixture will be injected deep into the subcutaneous adipose
* Subfascial infiltration. Approximately eight milliliters of the anesthetic mixture will be injected immediately underneath the aponeurosis of the external oblique.
* Pubic tubercle and hernia sac injection. Occasionally, infiltration of ten milliliters of the mixture at the level of the pubic tubercle, around the neck and inside the indirect hernia sac

Group B

Spinal anesthesia will be administered in sitting position

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Spinal anesthesia

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Spinal anesthesia will be administered in sitting position, with 25 gauge Quincke spinal needle in L3-L4 intervertebral space, under all aseptic precautions and local infiltration, with 3.0 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (heavy) after ensuring free, clear and adequate flow of cerebrospinal fluid. After giving spinal anesthesia, patient will be made to lie supine.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

US guided five step field block

Ultrasound will guide needle insertion in the following layers (except intradermic injection):

* Subdermic infiltration. Approximately 8 milliliters
* Intradermic injection (making of the skin wheal). of approximately 6 milliliters.
* Deep subcutaneous injection. 8 milliliters of the mixture will be injected deep into the subcutaneous adipose
* Subfascial infiltration. Approximately eight milliliters of the anesthetic mixture will be injected immediately underneath the aponeurosis of the external oblique.
* Pubic tubercle and hernia sac injection. Occasionally, infiltration of ten milliliters of the mixture at the level of the pubic tubercle, around the neck and inside the indirect hernia sac

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Spinal anesthesia

Spinal anesthesia will be administered in sitting position, with 25 gauge Quincke spinal needle in L3-L4 intervertebral space, under all aseptic precautions and local infiltration, with 3.0 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (heavy) after ensuring free, clear and adequate flow of cerebrospinal fluid. After giving spinal anesthesia, patient will be made to lie supine.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* ASA score I, II or ะจ.
* Patients with unilateral inguinal hernia for elective open mesh repair hernioplasty operation.

Exclusion Criteria

* Bilateral, recurrent or complicated inguinal hernia.
* Emergency operations or operation that lasts more than two hours.
* Patients with drug or alcohol abuse history.
* Chronic pain, with daily use of analgesics.
* Contraindication to local anesthesia.
* Contraindication of spinal anesthesia.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Eslam Ayman Mohamed Shawki

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Eslam Ayman Mohamed Shawki

Lecturer of anesthesia, SICU & Pain Management

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Faculty of medicine, Cairo University teaching hospitals (Kasr Alainy)

Cairo, , Egypt

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Egypt

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Anand A, Sinha PA, Kittappa K, Mulchandani MH, Debrah S, Brookstein R. Review of Inguinal Hernia Repairs by Various Surgical Techniques in a District General Hospital in the UK. Indian J Surg. 2011 Jan;73(1):13-8. doi: 10.1007/s12262-010-0156-7. Epub 2011 Jan 8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22211031 (View on PubMed)

Santos Gde C, Braga GM, Queiroz FL, Navarro TP, Gomez RS. Assessment of postoperative pain and hospital discharge after inguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block for inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia: a prospective study. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2011 Sep-Oct;57(5):545-9. doi: 10.1590/s0104-42302011000500013. English, Portuguese.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22012289 (View on PubMed)

Flanagan L Jr, Bascom JU. Repair of the groin hernia. Outpatient approach with local anesthesia. Surg Clin North Am. 1984 Apr;64(2):257-67. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)43283-4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 6729669 (View on PubMed)

Belavy D, Cowlishaw PJ, Howes M, Phillips F. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia after Caesarean delivery. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Nov;103(5):726-30. doi: 10.1093/bja/aep235. Epub 2009 Aug 22.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19700776 (View on PubMed)

Rozen WM, Tran TM, Ashton MW, Barrington MJ, Ivanusic JJ, Taylor GI. Refining the course of the thoracolumbar nerves: a new understanding of the innervation of the anterior abdominal wall. Clin Anat. 2008 May;21(4):325-33. doi: 10.1002/ca.20621.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18428988 (View on PubMed)

Chanthong P, Abrishami A, Wong J, Herrera F, Chung F. Systematic review of questionnaires measuring patient satisfaction in ambulatory anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2009 May;110(5):1061-7. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31819db079.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19352161 (View on PubMed)

Prakash D, Heskin L, Doherty S, Galvin R. Local anaesthesia versus spinal anaesthesia in inguinal hernia repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgeon. 2017 Feb;15(1):47-57. doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2016.01.001. Epub 2016 Feb 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26895656 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

UsHernia

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.