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Challenges of Hip Fracture Ca...

Challenges of Hip Fracture Care in Developing Countries. Experience at a Level 3 Center in Panama

Last Updated: 2024-10-02

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

104 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2014-09-01

Study Completion Date

2017-12-31

Brief Summary

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An observational study using the information records at the Hospital Regional Rafael Hernandez, in Chiriqui, Panama, that will help to analyze the epidemiology and early treatments results of hip fracture patients treated in this institution.

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ProspEctive Cohort Study on Multidisciplinary Approach to Femur FRactures' manAgement in Over 65 Population

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Detailed Description

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Hip fractures are a major public health concern due to increasing ageing of the population, rising costs and associated morbidity and mortality. The problem is more serious in developing countries, because of limited economic and technical resources available. The aim of the following study is to analyze the epidemiology and early treatment results of hip fracture patients treated in our unit.

This study will be done at the Hospital Rafael Hernandez Regional Hospital, a third level facility located in the province of Chiriqui, Republic of Panama. It is a retrospective observational study.

For this the study will use the hospital records, including imaging studies were reviewed, including the Singh Index, and all relevant data will be analyzed with SPSS 21 software.

Conditions

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Hip Fractures

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

CASE_ONLY

Study Time Perspective

RETROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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hip fracture

fracture of proximal femur

No interventions assigned to this group

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* All hip fractures

Exclusion Criteria

* All other fractures and no recorded survey

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

115 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Responsible Party

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Arizt De Leon Robles

Orthopedic Resident

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Arizt De Leon, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

orthopaedic surgeon

Locations

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Panama Children Hospital

Panama City, , Panama

Site Status

Countries

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Panama

References

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Ethgen O, Tellier V, Sedrine WB, De Maeseneer J, Gosset C, Reginster JY. Health-related quality of life and cost of ambulatory care in osteoporosis: how may such outcome measures be valuable information to health decision makers and payers? Bone. 2003 Jun;32(6):718-24. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(03)00089-9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 12810180 (View on PubMed)

Clark, P.; Chico, G.; Carlos F y cols (2013) Osteoporosis En América Latina: Revisión De Panel De Expertos. Medwave. 13(8):E5791

Reference Type BACKGROUND

U.S. Census Bureau, (2011) International Data Base. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Nacionales DC, Szpila B, Ungaro R, Lopez MC, Zhang J, Gentile LF, Cuenca AL, Vanzant E, Mathias B, Jyot J, Westerveld D, Bihorac A, Joseph A, Mohr A, Duckworth LV, Moore FA, Baker HV, Leeuwenburgh C, Moldawer LL, Brakenridge S, Efron PA. A Detailed Characterization of the Dysfunctional Immunity and Abnormal Myelopoiesis Induced by Severe Shock and Trauma in the Aged. J Immunol. 2015 Sep 1;195(5):2396-407. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500984. Epub 2015 Aug 5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 26246141 (View on PubMed)

Bank, I. (1994). Latin America in Graphs: Demographic and Economic Trends 1972-1992. Population And Development Review, 20(3), 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137618.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Glenn, V. (2006). International Data Base (IDB) 2006, 188 International Data Base (IDB). URL: http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbnew.html: International Programs Center, US Census Bureau Last visited November 2005. Reference Reviews, 20(4), 19-19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Chue de Coto E. [The incidence of hip fractures in pre- and postmenopausal women in Panama]. Rev Med Panama. 1997 Jan;22(1):30-8. Spanish.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 9805092 (View on PubMed)

Chue de Coto E. [Osteopenia and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Panama]. Rev Med Panama. 2000;25:34-7. Spanish.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 15881746 (View on PubMed)

Moja L, Piatti A, Pecoraro V, Ricci C, Virgili G, Salanti G, Germagnoli L, Liberati A, Banfi G. Timing matters in hip fracture surgery: patients operated within 48 hours have better outcomes. A meta-analysis and meta-regression of over 190,000 patients. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46175. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046175. Epub 2012 Oct 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 23056256 (View on PubMed)

Zanchetta J, Macdonald S. (2012) The Latin America Regional Audit. Epidemiology, Costs & Burden Of Osteoporosis In 2012. Switzerland: International Osteoporosis Foundation.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Clark P, Carlos F, Vázquez-Martínez JL. (2010) Epidemiology, Costs And Burden Of Osteoporosis In Mexico. Arch Osteoporos. 5:9-17

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Sandoval, Ricardo. Epidemiologia y Costos de las Fracturas de Cadera en egresados del Complejo Hospitalario Metropolitano De La Caja De Seguro Social, Año 1990.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Morales-Torres J, Gutierrez-Urena S; Osteoporosis Committee of Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology. The burden of osteoporosis in Latin America. Osteoporos Int. 2004 Aug;15(8):625-32. doi: 10.1007/s00198-004-1596-3. Epub 2004 Mar 20.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 15292978 (View on PubMed)

Etxebarria-Foronda I, Mar J, Arrospide A, Ruiz de Eguino J. [Cost and mortality associated to the surgical delay of patients with a hip fracture. Spain]. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2013 Nov-Dec;87(6):639-49. doi: 10.4321/S1135-57272013000600008. Spanish.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 24549361 (View on PubMed)

von Friesendorff M, Besjakov J, Akesson K. Long-term survival and fracture risk after hip fracture: a 22-year follow-up in women. J Bone Miner Res. 2008 Nov;23(11):1832-41. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.080606.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 18597630 (View on PubMed)

Bartonicek J, Bartoska R. [Trochanteric fractures - anatomy and classification]. Rozhl Chir. 2013 Oct;92(10):581-8. Czech.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 24295482 (View on PubMed)

Ahmad T, Ashraf U, Irfan O, Muhammad ZA. Trends in management of neck of femur fracture. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015 Nov;65(11 Suppl 3):S163-5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 26878511 (View on PubMed)

Dhanwal DK, Dennison EM, Harvey NC, Cooper C. Epidemiology of hip fracture: Worldwide geographic variation. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Jan;45(1):15-22. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.73656.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 21221218 (View on PubMed)

Karampampa K, Andersson T, Drefahl S, Ahlbom A, Modig K. Does improved survival lead to a more fragile population: time trends in second and third hospital admissions among men and women above the age of 60 in Sweden. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 9;9(6):e99034. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099034. eCollection 2014.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 24911650 (View on PubMed)

Singh M, Nagrath AR, Maini PS. Changes in trabecular pattern of the upper end of the femur as an index of osteoporosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970 Apr;52(3):457-67. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 5425640 (View on PubMed)

Pahor M, Guralnik JM, Ambrosius WT, Blair S, Bonds DE, Church TS, Espeland MA, Fielding RA, Gill TM, Groessl EJ, King AC, Kritchevsky SB, Manini TM, McDermott MM, Miller ME, Newman AB, Rejeski WJ, Sink KM, Williamson JD; LIFE study investigators. Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014 Jun 18;311(23):2387-96. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.5616.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 24866862 (View on PubMed)

Martínez López, R., Moreno Navarro, J., Goide Linares, E., & Fernández García, D. (2012). Caracterización Clinico epidemiológica de pacientes con Fracturas de Cadera. Medisan, 16(2), 182-188.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Muñoz,S., Lavanderos, J.,& Vilches, L. (2008). Fractura de Cadera. Cuad Cir (Valdivia), 22(1), 73-81.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Becarra-Rojas F, Jupari M (2011) Epidemiology of Osteoporosis In Perú. Bone 29:294-313

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Sicras-Mainar A, Navarro-Artieda R, Ibanez-Nolla J. [Use of resources and costs associated to fractures in Spanish women]. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2012 Jul-Sep;29(3):350-6. doi: 10.1590/s1726-46342012000300009. Spanish.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 23085796 (View on PubMed)

Riera-Espinoza G. Epidemiology of osteoporosis in Latin America 2008. Salud Publica Mex. 2009;51 Suppl 1:S52-5. doi: 10.1590/s0036-36342009000700009.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 19287895 (View on PubMed)

Orces CH. Epidemiology of hip fractures in Ecuador. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2009 May;25(5):438-42. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892009000500009.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 19695134 (View on PubMed)

Vanzant EL, Hilton RE, Lopez CM, Zhang J, Ungaro RF, Gentile LF, Szpila BE, Maier RV, Cuschieri J, Bihorac A, Leeuwenburgh C, Moore FA, Baker HV, Moldawer LL, Brakenridge SC, Efron PA; Inflammation and Host Response to Injury Investigators. Advanced age is associated with worsened outcomes and a unique genomic response in severely injured patients with hemorrhagic shock. Crit Care. 2015 Mar 4;19(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0788-x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 25880307 (View on PubMed)

Berggren M, Stenvall M, Englund U, Olofsson B, Gustafson Y. Co-morbidities, complications and causes of death among people with femoral neck fracture - a three-year follow-up study. BMC Geriatr. 2016 Jun 3;16:120. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0291-5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 27260196 (View on PubMed)

Ercolano, M. A., Drnovsek, M. L., & Gauna, A. (2012). Fractura de Cadera en los Hospitales Públicos de la Argentina. Revista Argentina de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, 49(1), 3-11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Méndez-Lavergne O, Medina M, Avid J. (2011) Perfil de Pacientes con Fractura de Cadera. Hospital El Vigía. Eneroa-Agosto 2011. Rev MédCient; 24(2):3-11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Tortosa, Eric. (2004) Epidemiología de las Fracturas de Cadera en el Hospital Regional Rafael Hernández. Estudio Prospectivo, Junio 2003 - Marzo 2004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Etxebarria-Foronda I, Caeiro-Rey JR, Larrainzar-Garijo R, Vaquero-Cervino E, Roca-Ruiz L, Mesa-Ramos M, Merino Perez J, Carpintero-Benitez P, Fernandez Cebrian A, Gil-Garay E. [SECOT-GEIOS guidelines in osteoporosis and fragility fracture. An update]. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol. 2015 Nov-Dec;59(6):373-93. doi: 10.1016/j.recot.2015.05.007. Epub 2015 Jul 29. No abstract available. Spanish.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 26233814 (View on PubMed)

Jiménez C, Camacho D, Sepúlveda M. (2013) Aproximación epidemiológica de las fracturas de cadera en Chile. Rev Chil Ortop Traumatol 54 (3): 126-30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Carriero FP, Christmas C. In the clinic. Hip fracture. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Dec 6;155(11):ITC6-1-ITC6-15; quiz ITC6-16. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-01006. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 22147729 (View on PubMed)

Chang KP, Center JR, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA. Incidence of hip and other osteoporotic fractures in elderly men and women: Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2004 Apr;19(4):532-6. doi: 10.1359/JBMR.040109. Epub 2004 Jan 5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 15005838 (View on PubMed)

Khan SK, Shirley MD, Glennie C, Fearon PV, Deehan DJ. Achieving best practice tariff may not reflect improved survival after hip fracture treatment. Clin Interv Aging. 2014 Dec 1;9:2097-102. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S65736. eCollection 2014.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 25489240 (View on PubMed)

Simunovic N, Devereaux PJ, Bhandari M. Surgery for hip fractures: Does surgical delay affect outcomes? Indian J Orthop. 2011 Jan;45(1):27-32. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.73660.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 21221220 (View on PubMed)

Nazrun AS, Tzar MN, Mokhtar SA, Mohamed IN. A systematic review of the outcomes of osteoporotic fracture patients after hospital discharge: morbidity, subsequent fractures, and mortality. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2014 Nov 18;10:937-48. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S72456. eCollection 2014.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 25429224 (View on PubMed)

Amigo P, Rodríguez M. (2012) Complicaciones intrahospitalarias de los pacientes intervenidos de fractura de cadera. Rev Med Electron 30(5):e1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Dinamarca-Montecinos JL, Amestica-Lazcano G, Rubio-Herrera R, Carrasco-Buvinic A, Vasquez A. [Hip fracture. Experience in 647 Chilean patients aged 60 years or more]. Rev Med Chil. 2015 Dec;143(12):1552-9. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872015001200008. Spanish.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 26928617 (View on PubMed)

PALOMINO, Lourdes; RAMIREZ, Rubén; VEJARANO, Julio y TICSE, Ray. (2016) Fractura de cadera en el adulto mayor: la epidemia ignorada en el Perú. Acta méd. peruana , vol.33, n.1, pp. 15-20 .

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Azagra R, Roca G, Encabo G, Prieto D, Aguye A, Zwart M, Guell S, Puchol N, Gene E, Casado E, Sancho P, Sola S, Toran P, Iglesias M, Sabate V, Lopez-Exposito F, Ortiz S, Fernandez Y, Diez-Perez A. Prediction of absolute risk of fragility fracture at 10 years in a Spanish population: validation of the WHO FRAX tool in Spain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011 Jan 28;12:30. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 21272372 (View on PubMed)

Pedrera-Zamorano JD, Lavado-Garcia JM, Moran JM. Comment on Sanfelix-Genoves et al.: Prevalence of osteoporotic fracture risk factors and antiosteoporotic treatments in the Valencia region, Spain. The baseline characteristics of the ESOSVAL cohort. Osteoporos Int. 2013 Jun;24(6):1923-4. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-2145-0. Epub 2012 Sep 29. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 23052931 (View on PubMed)

Kanis JA, Oden A, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Wahl DA, Cooper C; IOF Working Group on Epidemiology and Quality of Life. A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide. Osteoporos Int. 2012 Sep;23(9):2239-56. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-1964-3. Epub 2012 Mar 15.

Reference Type RESULT

PMID: 22419370 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

HRRH

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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Challenges of Hip Fracture Care in Developing Countries. Experience at a Level 3 Center in Panama

Study Results

Basic Information

Brief Summary

Related Clinical Trials

Latin America Hip Fracture Mortality Study

Hip Fracture in Individuals Under 60 Years of Age

ProspEctive Cohort Study on Multidisciplinary Approach to Femur FRactures' manAgement in Over 65 Population

To Investigate the Effect of Early Community-care Program on Fracture Hip Patient

Care Pathways for Benchmarking on Fragile Hip Fractures Rapid Recovery

Detailed Description

Conditions

Study Design

Study Groups

hip fracture

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Sponsors

Hospital del Niño "Dr. José Renán Esquivel"

Responsible Party

Arizt De Leon Robles

Principal Investigators

Arizt De Leon, MD

Locations

Panama Children Hospital

Countries

References

Clark, P.; Chico, G.; Carlos F y cols (2013) Osteoporosis En América Latina: Revisión De Panel De Expertos. Medwave. 13(8):E5791

U.S. Census Bureau, (2011) International Data Base. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/

Bank, I. (1994). Latin America in Graphs: Demographic and Economic Trends 1972-1992. Population And Development Review, 20(3), 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137618.

Glenn, V. (2006). International Data Base (IDB) 2006, 188 International Data Base (IDB). URL: http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbnew.html: International Programs Center, US Census Bureau Last visited November 2005. Reference Reviews, 20(4), 19-19.

Chue de Coto E. [The incidence of hip fractures in pre- and postmenopausal women in Panama]. Rev Med Panama. 1997 Jan;22(1):30-8. Spanish.

Chue de Coto E. [Osteopenia and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Panama]. Rev Med Panama. 2000;25:34-7. Spanish.

Zanchetta J, Macdonald S. (2012) The Latin America Regional Audit. Epidemiology, Costs & Burden Of Osteoporosis In 2012. Switzerland: International Osteoporosis Foundation.

Clark P, Carlos F, Vázquez-Martínez JL. (2010) Epidemiology, Costs And Burden Of Osteoporosis In Mexico. Arch Osteoporos. 5:9-17

Sandoval, Ricardo. Epidemiologia y Costos de las Fracturas de Cadera en egresados del Complejo Hospitalario Metropolitano De La Caja De Seguro Social, Año 1990.

Morales-Torres J, Gutierrez-Urena S; Osteoporosis Committee of Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology. The burden of osteoporosis in Latin America. Osteoporos Int. 2004 Aug;15(8):625-32. doi: 10.1007/s00198-004-1596-3. Epub 2004 Mar 20.

Etxebarria-Foronda I, Mar J, Arrospide A, Ruiz de Eguino J. [Cost and mortality associated to the surgical delay of patients with a hip fracture. Spain]. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2013 Nov-Dec;87(6):639-49. doi: 10.4321/S1135-57272013000600008. Spanish.

von Friesendorff M, Besjakov J, Akesson K. Long-term survival and fracture risk after hip fracture: a 22-year follow-up in women. J Bone Miner Res. 2008 Nov;23(11):1832-41. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.080606.

Bartonicek J, Bartoska R. [Trochanteric fractures - anatomy and classification]. Rozhl Chir. 2013 Oct;92(10):581-8. Czech.

Ahmad T, Ashraf U, Irfan O, Muhammad ZA. Trends in management of neck of femur fracture. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015 Nov;65(11 Suppl 3):S163-5.

Dhanwal DK, Dennison EM, Harvey NC, Cooper C. Epidemiology of hip fracture: Worldwide geographic variation. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Jan;45(1):15-22. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.73656.

Singh M, Nagrath AR, Maini PS. Changes in trabecular pattern of the upper end of the femur as an index of osteoporosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970 Apr;52(3):457-67. No abstract available.

Martínez López, R., Moreno Navarro, J., Goide Linares, E., & Fernández García, D. (2012). Caracterización Clinico epidemiológica de pacientes con Fracturas de Cadera. Medisan, 16(2), 182-188.

Muñoz,S., Lavanderos, J.,& Vilches, L. (2008). Fractura de Cadera. Cuad Cir (Valdivia), 22(1), 73-81.

Becarra-Rojas F, Jupari M (2011) Epidemiology of Osteoporosis In Perú. Bone 29:294-313

Sicras-Mainar A, Navarro-Artieda R, Ibanez-Nolla J. [Use of resources and costs associated to fractures in Spanish women]. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2012 Jul-Sep;29(3):350-6. doi: 10.1590/s1726-46342012000300009. Spanish.

Riera-Espinoza G. Epidemiology of osteoporosis in Latin America 2008. Salud Publica Mex. 2009;51 Suppl 1:S52-5. doi: 10.1590/s0036-36342009000700009.

Orces CH. Epidemiology of hip fractures in Ecuador. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2009 May;25(5):438-42. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892009000500009.

Berggren M, Stenvall M, Englund U, Olofsson B, Gustafson Y. Co-morbidities, complications and causes of death among people with femoral neck fracture - a three-year follow-up study. BMC Geriatr. 2016 Jun 3;16:120. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0291-5.

Ercolano, M. A., Drnovsek, M. L., & Gauna, A. (2012). Fractura de Cadera en los Hospitales Públicos de la Argentina. Revista Argentina de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, 49(1), 3-11.

Méndez-Lavergne O, Medina M, Avid J. (2011) Perfil de Pacientes con Fractura de Cadera. Hospital El Vigía. Eneroa-Agosto 2011. Rev MédCient; 24(2):3-11.

Tortosa, Eric. (2004) Epidemiología de las Fracturas de Cadera en el Hospital Regional Rafael Hernández. Estudio Prospectivo, Junio 2003 - Marzo 2004.

Jiménez C, Camacho D, Sepúlveda M. (2013) Aproximación epidemiológica de las fracturas de cadera en Chile. Rev Chil Ortop Traumatol 54 (3): 126-30.

Carriero FP, Christmas C. In the clinic. Hip fracture. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Dec 6;155(11):ITC6-1-ITC6-15; quiz ITC6-16. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-01006. No abstract available.

Chang KP, Center JR, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA. Incidence of hip and other osteoporotic fractures in elderly men and women: Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2004 Apr;19(4):532-6. doi: 10.1359/JBMR.040109. Epub 2004 Jan 5.

Khan SK, Shirley MD, Glennie C, Fearon PV, Deehan DJ. Achieving best practice tariff may not reflect improved survival after hip fracture treatment. Clin Interv Aging. 2014 Dec 1;9:2097-102. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S65736. eCollection 2014.

Simunovic N, Devereaux PJ, Bhandari M. Surgery for hip fractures: Does surgical delay affect outcomes? Indian J Orthop. 2011 Jan;45(1):27-32. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.73660.

Nazrun AS, Tzar MN, Mokhtar SA, Mohamed IN. A systematic review of the outcomes of osteoporotic fracture patients after hospital discharge: morbidity, subsequent fractures, and mortality. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2014 Nov 18;10:937-48. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S72456. eCollection 2014.

Amigo P, Rodríguez M. (2012) Complicaciones intrahospitalarias de los pacientes intervenidos de fractura de cadera. Rev Med Electron 30(5):e1.

Dinamarca-Montecinos JL, Amestica-Lazcano G, Rubio-Herrera R, Carrasco-Buvinic A, Vasquez A. [Hip fracture. Experience in 647 Chilean patients aged 60 years or more]. Rev Med Chil. 2015 Dec;143(12):1552-9. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872015001200008. Spanish.

PALOMINO, Lourdes; RAMIREZ, Rubén; VEJARANO, Julio y TICSE, Ray. (2016) Fractura de cadera en el adulto mayor: la epidemia ignorada en el Perú. Acta méd. peruana , vol.33, n.1, pp. 15-20 .

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HRRH

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