PECS-2 for Breast Surgery

NCT ID: NCT03117894

Last Updated: 2021-06-04

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

200 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2017-05-23

Study Completion Date

2020-10-22

Brief Summary

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There is no consensus regarding which alternative is the best anesthesia for breast surgery, general anesthesia and morphine for postoperative analgesia or a combination of regional anesthesia and general anesthesia that possibly attenuates or abolishes the need for morphine.

The current study aims to determine which of the two strategies that is best in relation to postoperative pain, nausea and risk of recurrence of the disease.

Detailed Description

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Surgery for suspected or confirmed breast cancer is a common procedure world wide. The Swedish National board of health- and welfare reports that \> 7000 women is diagnosed with breast cancer each year in Sweden.

Surgery always comes at the cost of a painful stimuli. It is of great importance that the anesthetist has anticipated this pain and has a plan to handle it.

The most common way to do this is to anesthetise the patient (put him or her to sleep, also called a General Anesthesia (GA)) for the surgical procedure and administer a strong analgesic (usually morphine) before the patient is awaken. Morphine has side-effects.

Another possible plan is to rely on a Regional Anesthesia (RA) (block pain from a certain part of the body) to take care of the pain, both during and after the surgery. Thereby this patient may be awake during the surgery. The two strategies may also be combined. That is, a regional anesthesia is applied before surgery but the patient is also put to sleep. The regional anesthesia is then fully effective when the patient is awaken and no strong analgesics are administered. The approach with a regional anesthesia is common in orthopedic surgery, either in combination with or without a general anesthesia.

For surgery on the breast, there has been few alternatives available for regional anesthesia. They have been considered to invasive for regular use and not been incorporated in clinical praxis as a routine.

The praxis of regional anesthesia has expanded tremendously in recent years. This is attributed to the increased use of ultrasound as a guide for the injection of anesthetic compounds in proximity to the nerves. The pectoral nerve block (PECS) was first described in 2011. It has since then been developed further and is much more feasible than the older alternatives for regional anesthesia covering the breast.

Therefore it has gained some popularity and a few studies on its performance have been published in recent years. It is still not clear though, if it really confers the patient a better postoperative situation regarding pain and nausea.

Further, observational studies have suggested that malignant disease is spread and hence recurs less often if the surgery is performed in conjunction with a regional anesthesia. These results have not yet been confirmed in randomized trials. Therefore, the investigators will use the data from the current study and also look if there is a difference between the study groups regarding recurrence of the disease and mortality three and five years after inclusion in the study.

A subgroup analysis will be made on the patients that has a mastectomy.

Conditions

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Breast Neoplasm Female Regional Anesthesia Anesthesia Regional Anesthesia Morbidity Anesthesia Morbidity

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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GA with RA

Regional Anesthesia and General Anesthesia.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Ropivacaine 5 mg/ml, 35 ml

Intervention Type DRUG

Regional Anesthesia. The deposition of local anesthetics in proximity of nerves with the aim of blocking nerve transmission. This is used to block pain as an alternative to systemic treatment of pain.

Remifentanil 50 microg/ml

Intervention Type DRUG

The intravenous administration of anesthetics aiming to induce analgesia (part of the general anesthesia). No fixed dose, administered in relation to the study participants need at the moment.

Betamethason 4 mg

Intervention Type DRUG

Are meant to decrease the risk of so called postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Administered preoperatively.

Paracetamol 1,5 g

Intervention Type DRUG

Administered preoperatively to prevent pain postoperatively.

Propofol

Intervention Type DRUG

The intravenous administration of anesthetics aiming to induce sleep (part of the general anesthesia). No fixed dose, administered in relation to the study participants need at the moment.

Arcoxia, 120 mg

Intervention Type DRUG

Administered preoperatively to prevent pain postoperatively.

Ondansetron 4 mg

Intervention Type DRUG

Are meant to decrease the risk of so called postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Administered peroperative.

GA without RA

Only General Anesthesia (without a supplemental Regional Anesthesia).

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Remifentanil 50 microg/ml

Intervention Type DRUG

The intravenous administration of anesthetics aiming to induce analgesia (part of the general anesthesia). No fixed dose, administered in relation to the study participants need at the moment.

Betamethason 4 mg

Intervention Type DRUG

Are meant to decrease the risk of so called postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Administered preoperatively.

Paracetamol 1,5 g

Intervention Type DRUG

Administered preoperatively to prevent pain postoperatively.

Propofol

Intervention Type DRUG

The intravenous administration of anesthetics aiming to induce sleep (part of the general anesthesia). No fixed dose, administered in relation to the study participants need at the moment.

Arcoxia, 120 mg

Intervention Type DRUG

Administered preoperatively to prevent pain postoperatively.

Ondansetron 4 mg

Intervention Type DRUG

Are meant to decrease the risk of so called postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Administered peroperative.

Morphine

Intervention Type DRUG

Administered peroperative, at the end of the surgery, before awakening the study participant. The aim is to prevent pain.

Interventions

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Ropivacaine 5 mg/ml, 35 ml

Regional Anesthesia. The deposition of local anesthetics in proximity of nerves with the aim of blocking nerve transmission. This is used to block pain as an alternative to systemic treatment of pain.

Intervention Type DRUG

Remifentanil 50 microg/ml

The intravenous administration of anesthetics aiming to induce analgesia (part of the general anesthesia). No fixed dose, administered in relation to the study participants need at the moment.

Intervention Type DRUG

Betamethason 4 mg

Are meant to decrease the risk of so called postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Administered preoperatively.

Intervention Type DRUG

Paracetamol 1,5 g

Administered preoperatively to prevent pain postoperatively.

Intervention Type DRUG

Propofol

The intravenous administration of anesthetics aiming to induce sleep (part of the general anesthesia). No fixed dose, administered in relation to the study participants need at the moment.

Intervention Type DRUG

Arcoxia, 120 mg

Administered preoperatively to prevent pain postoperatively.

Intervention Type DRUG

Ondansetron 4 mg

Are meant to decrease the risk of so called postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Administered peroperative.

Intervention Type DRUG

Morphine

Administered peroperative, at the end of the surgery, before awakening the study participant. The aim is to prevent pain.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Prevention of pain

Eligibility Criteria

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Exclusion Criteria

Bilateral surgery

Metastases other than in the axilla

Body Mass Index (BMI) \> 35

Not able to communicate in Swedish

Dementia

American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) 4 or 5

Chronic pain treatment (use of opiates or medicine for neuropathic pain \> 7 days the last month)

Known allergy to Morphine or Ropivacaine

Congestive Heart Failure, New York Heart Association (NYHA) IIIB or worse

Chronic renal failure (S-creatinine increased)

Immunosuppression (more than 10 mg daily of Prednisolone or stronger medication)

No axillary exploration planned
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Umeå University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Joakim Johansson, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Umea University

Locations

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Östersund Hospital

Östersund, Jämtland County, Sweden

Site Status

Countries

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Sweden

References

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Ahlberg H, Wallgren D, Hultin M, Myrberg T, Johansson J. Less use of rescue morphine when a combined PSP/IPP-block is used for postoperative analgesia in breast cancer surgery: A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2023 Sep 1;40(9):636-642. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001795. Epub 2023 Jan 12.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36633115 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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UmeaU-PECS

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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