Evaluation of the Effect of a Nasal Allergen Challenge With Dermatophagoides Farinae Extract on Nasal Airway Inflammation in Allergic Individuals, Comparing E-cigarette Users to Cigarette Smokers and Non-smokers.

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

PHASE1

Total Enrollment

12 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2017-03-27

Study Completion Date

2018-04-23

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate allergen-induced nasal airway inflammation following nasal application of Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f), or house dust mite, extract in e-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers.

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Detailed Description

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The recent increase in popularity of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation or in combination with conventional cigarettes has led to safety concerns regarding their potential role in respiratory disease. These tobacco alternative devices were initially perceived as a "safer" alternative to cigarettes and were marketed without much known about their health effects. Increasing evidence demonstrates that while they contain fewer toxins and carcinogens than conventional cigarettes, they do involve delivery of ultrafine particles to the lower airways and can contain heavy metals and other chemicals. Tobacco smoke may augment allergic inflammation resulting from allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. Animal models of allergic asthma demonstrate aggravation of allergen-induced airway inflammation following inhalation of e-cig cartridge solution, with increased airway eosinophil infiltration, production of Th2 cytokines, and airway hyperresponsivness. In vitro studies in human tissues have demonstrated pro-inflammatory responses to e-cig vapour extract yet have not evaluated the effects of e-cig usage on allergic inflammation in human airways. Current evidence suggests that e-cigarette use augments allergic inflammatory responses in a similar way as tobacco smoke, yet a head-to-head comparison of the effects of these two exposures has not been performed in humans.

Use of tobacco products remains a pervasive problem in our society and around the world, with significant impact on respiratory health and quality of life. With the emergence of new non-tobacco based nicotine products like e-cigarettes, it is important to understand the impact these substances have on respiratory health and disease. The aim of this study is to study the impact of these products on allergic inflammation in house dust mite-allergic subjects who already routinely use e-cigarettes and to compare their responses to those of cigarette smokers and non-smokers. A thorough understanding of the potential health impacts of tobacco alternative substances is needed, especially given the rising popularity of such products with adolescents and young adults to whom these substances have particular appeal given their purported "safety" and variety of flavors to choose from.

Conditions

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Healthy Participants Tobacco Smokers

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Der f treated Non-smoker

Group Type OTHER

Der f

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Nasal administration of Dermatophagoides farinae with 100 allergen units (AU), 500 AU, and finally 1000 AU

Der f treated Cigarette smoker

Group Type OTHER

Der f

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Nasal administration of Dermatophagoides farinae with 100 allergen units (AU), 500 AU, and finally 1000 AU

Der f treated E-cig user

Group Type OTHER

Der f

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Nasal administration of Dermatophagoides farinae with 100 allergen units (AU), 500 AU, and finally 1000 AU

Interventions

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Der f

Nasal administration of Dermatophagoides farinae with 100 allergen units (AU), 500 AU, and finally 1000 AU

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Other Intervention Names

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(Der f)

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Specific allergy to house dust mite D. farinae confirmed by positive immediate skin test response
2. Subjects will either be non-asthmatic or have mild asthma characterized by an Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of at least 80% of predicted to Forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio of at least .75
3. Subjects will be classified as tobacco smokers, e-cigarette users, or non-smokers according to the following guidelines.
4. Ability to withhold antihistamine medications for one week prior to baseline and allergen challenge visits
5. Subjects must be able and willing to give informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Any chronic medical condition considered by the PI as a contraindication to the allergen challenge study including significant cardiovascular disease, diabetes requiring medication, chronic renal disease, bleeding disorder, or chronic thyroid disease.
2. Physician directed emergency treatment for an asthma exacerbation within the preceding 12 months.
3. Use of systemic steroid therapy within the preceding 12 months for treatment of an asthma exacerbation.
4. Use of inhaled or nasal steroids, cromolyn or leukotriene receptor antagonists (Montelukast or zafirlukast ) within the past month (except for use of cromolyn exclusively prior to exercise).
5. Subjects who smoke marijuana or use illicit drugs will be excluded.
6. Use of daily theophylline within the past month.
7. Use of nasal medications that might alter the response to nasal allergen challenge including anti-inflammatory and anti-histamine agents within one week of challenge.
8. Inability to withhold inhaled or oral bronchodilator medications for 12 hours prior to allergen challenge.
9. Pregnancy or nursing a baby.
10. Women of child-bearing age who are not using dependable contraception (such as birth control pills, intrauterine device (IUD), estrogen patches) or who are not completely abstinent.
11. Nighttime symptoms of cough or wheeze greater than 1x/week at baseline (not during a clearly recognized viral induced asthma exacerbation) which would be characteristic of a person of moderate or severe persistent asthma as outlined in the current NHLBI guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma.
12. Exacerbation of asthma more than 2x/week which would be characteristic of a person with moderate or severe persistent asthma as outlined in the current NHLBI guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma.
13. Daily requirement for albuterol due to asthma symptoms (cough, wheeze, chest tightness) which would be characteristic of a person of moderate or severe persistent asthma as outlined in the current NHLBI guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma. (Not to include prophylactic use of albuterol prior to exercise).
14. Viral upper respiratory tract infection or other acute inflammatory conditions of the nose or paranasal sinuses, such as sinusitis, within 4 weeks of challenge.
15. Any acute infection requiring antibiotics within 4 weeks of challenge.
16. Participating in an allergen inhalation study within 2 weeks of this challenge or use of any other investigational agent within the last 30 days.
17. Use of tricyclic antidepressants or beta-blockers.

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Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

50 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes