Aldosterone bloCkade for Health Improvement EValuation in End-stage Renal Disease

NCT ID: NCT03020303

Last Updated: 2025-03-20

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

2538 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2017-07-07

Study Completion Date

2025-03-14

Brief Summary

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Individuals receiving dialysis are at risk of heart failure and heart related death. There is an urgent need for treatments that reduce the risk of these problems in patients that require dialysis.

Spironolactone is a pill used to prevent heart failure and related deaths in patients that do not require dialysis. It works by blocking a hormone (aldosterone) in your body that causes high blood pressure and can damage the heart. Although spironolactone is very effective in patients that do not require dialysis, we do not know if spironolactone is effective in dialysis patients. Our research will help determine if spironolactone reduces heart failure and heart related deaths in dialysis patients.

The purpose of this study is to determine if spironolactone reduces death or hospitalization for heart failure and is well tolerated in patients that require dialysis.

Detailed Description

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Globally, over 2 million people receive dialysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and 650,000 new patients start dialysis each year. Furthermore, the number of patients receiving dialysis is increasing as access to dialysis in the developing world improves and the prevalence of diabetes and vascular disease rises. Despite technical advances in dialysis, the outcomes for patients with ESRD are poor. Patients have frequent hospitalizations, poor health related quality of life and strikingly, high mortality rates.

The most common cause of death in patients receiving dialysis is cardiovascular disease, accounting for \>40% of all deaths. Observational studies suggest a causal pathway to cardiovascular death that includes progressive ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation as well as accelerated atherosclerosis. These changes result in myocardial ischemia and cardiac fibrosis that, in turn, lead to heart failure, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Strongly implicated in this pathophysiology is aldosterone. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) in non-ESRD patients, prevent cardiovascular deaths and small randomized controlled trials of MRAs in ESRD suggests they may reduce death and may be safe.

Spironolactone is the most commonly used MRA worldwide. We will conduct a multicentre randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine if spironolactone reduces cardiac mortality and hospitalizations for heart failure in patients treated with dialysis. This trial is called the Aldosterone bloCkade for Health Improvement EValuation in End-stage renal disease (ACHIEVE).

Conditions

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Endstage Renal Disease

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Investigators

Study Groups

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Placebo Oral Tablet

A tablet with no active medication that will be an exact match of the active spironolactone in taste and appearance

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo Oral Tablet

Intervention Type DRUG

Randomized participants will receive a study supply of placebo tablets with no active medical ingredients. They will be instructed to take 1 tablet daily.

Spironolactone 25 MG Tablet

25 mg of active spironolactone in tablet form

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Spironolactone 25Mg Tablet

Intervention Type DRUG

Randomized participants will receive a study supply of spironolactone 25 mg tablets. They will be instructed to take 1 tablet daily.

Interventions

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Spironolactone 25Mg Tablet

Randomized participants will receive a study supply of spironolactone 25 mg tablets. They will be instructed to take 1 tablet daily.

Intervention Type DRUG

Placebo Oral Tablet

Randomized participants will receive a study supply of placebo tablets with no active medical ingredients. They will be instructed to take 1 tablet daily.

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Age

1. ≥45 years or
2. ≥18 with a history of diabetes
2. On dialysis ≥ 90 days
3. On either

1. Hemodialysis prescribed at least 2 treatments per week or
2. Peritoneal dialysis prescribed with at least 1 exchange daily
4. Provides informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

1. Hyperkalemia

1. Serum potassium \>5.8 mmol/L in the 6 weeks prior to enrollment or
2. Serum potassium \>6.0 mmol/L during active run-in
2. Currently taking and unable to withdraw a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (i.e. spironolactone or eplerenone).
3. Known sensitivity or allergy to spironolactone
4. Current or planned pregnancy or breastfeeding
5. Scheduled living related donor renal transplant
6. Life expectancy \< 6 months in the opinion of a treating nephrologist.
7. Enrolled in another interventional trial testing a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist or drug that has a known or likely interaction with spironolactone.
8. Treating physician believes either spironolactone is either absolutely indicated or absolutely contra-indicated
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

Population Health Research Institute

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Michael Walsh, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

McMaster University

PJ Devereaux, MD, PhD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

McMaster University

Locations

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Canberra Hospital

Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Site Status

Concord Repatriation General Hospital

Concord, New South Wales, Australia

Site Status

Northern Beaches Hospital

Frenchs Forest, New South Wales, Australia

Site Status

Royal North Shore Hospital

Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia

Site Status

Sydney Adventist Hospital

Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia

Site Status

Sunshine Coast University Hospital

Birtinya, Queensland, Australia

Site Status

Royal Brisbane Women&#39;s Hospital

Herston, Queensland, Australia

Site Status

Princess Alexandra Hospital

Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia

Site Status

Monash Health

Clayton, Victoria, Australia

Site Status

Western Health - Sunshine Hospital

Saint Albans, Victoria, Australia

Site Status

Santa Casa de Misericordia de Belo Horizonte

Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Site Status

Medical School of Botucatu of the Paulista State University - UNESP

Rubião Júnior, Botucatu, Brazil

Site Status

Fundacao Pro-Rim

Boa Vista, Joinville, Brazil

Site Status

Felicio Rocho Foundation - Hospital Felicio Rocho

Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Site Status

Fundacao Hospitalar Sao Francisco de Assis

Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Site Status

Servico Ubaense de Nefrologia Ltda

Ubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Site Status

Sociedade Hospitalar Angelina Caron

Campina Grande do Sul, Paraná, Brazil

Site Status

Instituto Pro Renal Brazil

Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

Site Status

Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de Porto Alegre -ISCMPA

Bairro Santa Teresa, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Site Status

Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre

Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Site Status

Hospital Arquidiocesano Consul Carlos Reneaux

Brusque, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Site Status

PROCARDIO Clinica Cardiologica

Blumenau, South Carolina, Brazil

Site Status

Praxis Pesquisa Medica S/S

Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil

Site Status

Santa Casa de Misericordia de Votuporanga

Votuporanga, São Paulo, Brazil

Site Status

Hospital Alemao Oswaldo Cruz

Bela Vista, , Brazil

Site Status

Santa Casa de Misericordia de Ponta Grossa

Ponta Grossa, , Brazil

Site Status

Foothills Hospital

Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Site Status

University of Alberta

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Site Status

Royal Inland Hospital

Kamloops, British Colombia, Canada

Site Status

Kelowna General Hospital

Kelowna, British Colombia, Canada

Site Status

St. Pauls Hospital

Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada

Site Status

Penticton Regional Hospital

Penticton, British Columbia, Canada

Site Status

Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre

Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Site Status

Cape Breton Regional Hospital

Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada

Site Status

Health Sciences North Research Institute

Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

St. Joseph's Healthcare

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Queens University at Kingston General Hospital, Division of Nephrology

Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Victoria Hospital

London, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Ottawa Hospital Research Institute

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

St. Michael's Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

St. Josephs, Toronto

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Humber River Health

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

CIUSSS Hopital Maisonneuve- Rosemont

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status

Centre Hospitalier de l&#39;Universite de Montreal (CHUM)

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status

Hopital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status

The Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status

CHU de Quebec L'Hotel-Dieu de Quebec

Québec, Quebec, Canada

Site Status

Peking University First Hospital

Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China

Site Status

Peking University Peoples Hospital

Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China

Site Status

General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University

Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

Site Status

The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College

Baotou, , China

Site Status

Beijing Miyun District Hospital

Beijing, , China

Site Status

Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University

Beijing, , China

Site Status

Emergency General Hospital

Beijing, , China

Site Status

Faw General Hospital of Jilin Province

Changchun, , China

Site Status

The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

Enshi, , China

Site Status

Huai'an First Peoples Hospital

Huai'an, , China

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The First Hospital of Kunming

Kunming, , China

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Gansu Baoshihua Hospital

Lanzhou, , China

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Yichuan County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital

Luoyang, , China

Site Status

Shanghai Tongji Hospital

Shanghai, , China

Site Status

Shanxi Provincial Peoples Hospital

Shanxi, , China

Site Status

Shuyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Suqian, , China

Site Status

Sihong County Fenjinting Hospital

Suqian, , China

Site Status

Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital

Tianjin, , China

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Tianjin Third Central Hospital

Tianjin, , China

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Tongiao City Hospital

Tongliao, , China

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Xinxiang First Peoples Hospital

Xinxiang, , China

Site Status

General Hospital of Xuzhou Mining Group

Xuzhou, , China

Site Status

Peoples Hospital of Yuxi City

Yuxi, , China

Site Status

Peoples Hospital of Zhongwei

Zhongwei, , China

Site Status

Clinefnorte CIA Ltda

Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador

Site Status

Nefromedic SA

Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador

Site Status

Madras Medical College Chennai

Park Town, Chennai, India

Site Status

Narayana Hrudayalaya Limited

Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Site Status

Fortis Hospitals

Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Site Status

K S Hegde Medical Academy

Mangaluru, Karnataka, India

Site Status

Nanjappa Hospitals Shimoga

Shimoga, Karnataka, India

Site Status

AsterMedCity

Kochi, Kerala, India

Site Status

Caritas Hospital

Kottayam, Kerala, India

Site Status

AIMS Hospital Mumbai

Dombivali, Maharashtra, India

Site Status

National Health and Education Society

Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Site Status

Ashirwad Hospital Mumbai

Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Site Status

Dhadiwal Hospital

Nashik, Maharashtra, India

Site Status

ACE Hospital Une

Pune, Maharashtra, India

Site Status

Aditya Birla Hospital

Pune, Maharashtra, India

Site Status

Vijaya Hospital

Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Site Status

Apollo Hospitals

Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Site Status

Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences

Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Site Status

Osmania General Hospital

Hyderabad, Telegana, India

Site Status

Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai

Madurai, , India

Site Status

Father Muller Medical College

Mangalore, , India

Site Status

Seven Star Hospital

Nagpur, , India

Site Status

Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru

Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

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Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah

Muar town, Johor, Malaysia

Site Status

Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Site Status

University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)

Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Site Status

Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah Kuala Terengganu

Kuala Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

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Hospital Taiping

Taiping, Perak, Malaysia

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Hospital Pulau Pinang

George Town, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Site Status

Hospital Kajang

Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

Site Status

Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Klang

Klang, Selangor, Malaysia

Site Status

Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan

Kuantan, , Malaysia

Site Status

Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban

Seremban, , Malaysia

Site Status

Hospital Ampang

Setapak, , Malaysia

Site Status

North Shore Hospital

Takapuna, Auckland, New Zealand

Site Status

Waikato Hospital

Hamilton, Waikato Region, New Zealand

Site Status

Dunedin Hospital

Dunedin, , New Zealand

Site Status

Hawkes Bay Hospital

Hastings, , New Zealand

Site Status

Palmerston North Hospital

Palmerston North, , New Zealand

Site Status

Whangarei Hospital

Whangarei, , New Zealand

Site Status

Philippines General Hospital

Ermita, Manila, Philippines

Site Status

National Kidney and Transplant Institute

Quezon City, Manila, Philippines

Site Status

Hacettepe University Hospitals Hemodialysis Center

Ankara, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Osmangazi University

Eskişehir, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Memorial Service Hospital

Istanbul, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Ulster Hospital

Dundonald, Belfast, United Kingdom

Site Status

Southmead Hospital

Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Site Status

University Hospital of Whales Health Park

Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom

Site Status

Daisy Hill Hospital

Newry, Down, United Kingdom

Site Status

Queen Elizabeth University Hospital

Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Site Status

East Kent Canterbury Hospital

Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom

Site Status

The Royal London Hospital

London, London, United Kingdom

Site Status

Kings College Hospital

London, London, United Kingdom

Site Status

City Hospital

Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Site Status

Churchill Hospital

Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom

Site Status

Salford Royal Hospital

Salford, Salford, United Kingdom

Site Status

Aberdeen Royal Infirmary

Aberdeen, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Belfast City Hospital

Belfast, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Birmingham Hospitals

Birmingham, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Epsom St. Helier

Carshalton, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Royal Derby Hospital

Derby, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Ninewells Hospital

Dundee, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Leicester General Hospital

Leicester, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Liverpool University Hospitals

Liverpool, , United Kingdom

Site Status

South Tees James Cook Hospital

Middlesbrough, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Royal Stoke University Hospital

Stoke-on-Trent, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Canimel Center

Melo, Departamento de Cerro Largo, Uruguay

Site Status

SEDIC Center

Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay

Site Status

Cedina Center

Montevideo, , Uruguay

Site Status

Centro de Asistencia del Sindicato Medico del Uruguay-Institucion de Asistencia medica Privada (CASMU-IAMPP)

Montevideo, , Uruguay

Site Status

Countries

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Australia Brazil Canada China Ecuador India Malaysia New Zealand Philippines Turkey (Türkiye) United Kingdom Uruguay

References

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Quach K, Lvtvyn L, Baigent C, Bueti J, Garg AX, Hawley C, Haynes R, Manns B, Perkovic V, Rabbat CG, Wald R, Walsh M. The Safety and Efficacy of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Patients Who Require Dialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016 Oct;68(4):591-598. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.04.011. Epub 2016 Jun 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27265777 (View on PubMed)

Walsh M, Manns B, Garg AX, Bueti J, Rabbat C, Smyth A, Tyrwhitt J, Bosch J, Gao P, Devereaux PJ, Wald R. The Safety of Eplerenone in Hemodialysis Patients: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015 Sep 4;10(9):1602-8. doi: 10.2215/CJN.12371214. Epub 2015 Jul 2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26138259 (View on PubMed)

Walsh M, Collister D, Gallagher M, Mark PB, de Zoysa JR, Tyrwhitt J, Tennankore K, Reis G, Xavier D, Liu WJ, Zuo L, Wang AY, Felix C, Sola L, Arici M, Villanueva R, Jha V, Precoma D, Rabbat CG, Alavudeen SS, Faruqui AR, Lopez-Flecher M, Pyne L, Wald R, Yuan F, Balasubramanian K, Lee SF, Kuptsova A, Christou C, Devereaux PJ; ACHIEVE Investigators. Spironolactone versus placebo in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis (ACHIEVE): an international, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2025 Aug 16;406(10504):695-704. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01198-5.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40818850 (View on PubMed)

Walsh M, Collister D, Gallagher M, Mark PB, de Zoysa JR, Tyrwhitt J, Tennankore K, Sola L, Reis G, Xavier D, Villanueva R, Liu WJ, Felix C, Zuo L, Arici M, Jha V, Wald R, Wang AY, Faruqui AR, Yuan F, Lee SF, Kuptsova A, Christou C, Devereaux PJ; ACHIEVE Investigators. The Aldosterone Blockade for Health Improvement Evaluation in End-Stage Renal Disease (ACHIEVE) Trial: Rationale and Clinical Research Protocol. Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2025 Jun 3;12:20543581251348187. doi: 10.1177/20543581251348187. eCollection 2025.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40470466 (View on PubMed)

Huang B, McDowell G, Rao A, Lip GYH. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist for chronic kidney disease, risk or benefit? J Hypertens. 2024 Mar 1;42(3):396-398. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003643. Epub 2024 Feb 1. No abstract available.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38289999 (View on PubMed)

Soomro QH, Charytan DM. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists and Cardiovascular Health with Kidney Failure. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Jun;16(6):843-845. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04460421. No abstract available.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34117077 (View on PubMed)

Collister D, Mbuagbaw L, Guyatt G, Devereaux PJ, Tennankore KK, Reis G, Sola L, Xavier D, Jha V, Gallagher M, Dans AL, Liu W, de Zoysa J, Felix C, Mark PB, Li Z, Tyrwhitt J, Wilkinson J, Sheridan P, Yuan F, Walsh M; ACHIEVE investigators. Three week compared to seven week run-in period length and the assessment of pre-randomization adherence: A study within a trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2021 Aug;107:106466. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106466. Epub 2021 Jun 5.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34098039 (View on PubMed)

Hasegawa T, Nishiwaki H, Ota E, Levack WM, Noma H. Aldosterone antagonists for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Feb 15;2(2):CD013109. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013109.pub2.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 33586138 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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ACHIEVE Trial

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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