Effect of High-dose Naloxone Following Third Molar Extraction

NCT ID: NCT02976337

Last Updated: 2024-02-22

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE2

Total Enrollment

23 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2017-10-12

Study Completion Date

2023-12-27

Brief Summary

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Recent studies have focused on the role of endogenous opioids on central sensitization. Central sensitization is known to be impaired or altered in chronic pain conditions, as fibromyalgia or chronic tension headache.

Animal studies have shown reinstatement of mechanical hypersensitivity following naloxone administration after resolution of an injury. This suggests latent sensitization. In the present study, the investigators hypothesize that a high-dose target-controlled naloxone infusion (total dose: 3.25 mg/kg) can reinstate pain and hyperalgesia 6-8 weeks after a unilateral primary open groin hernia repair procedure. The investigators aim to show that latent sensitization is present in humans and is modulated by endogenous opioids.

Detailed Description

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Naloxone is a combined mu-opioid-receptor (MOR) inverse agonist and antagonist drug, which dose-dependently demonstrates hypoalgesic and hyperalgesic properties. Systemically administrated naloxone (3.0-10.0 mg/kg) and naltrexone (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) have been used in rodents to study the role of endogenous opioids on central processing of pain. It has been hypothesized that the endogenous opioid modulation of pain is impaired or altered in chronic pain conditions. Administration of naloxone and naltrexone following resolution of an inflammatory injury, have demonstrated a reinstatement of hypersensitivity to noxious stimuli, indicating a demasking of latent sensitization. It has thus been speculated that the endogenous opioid system may play an important role in the transition of acute to chronic pain in humans.

In an early human study using an electrical pain model, naloxone (21 microg/kg) increased the established area of secondary hyperalgesia (a measure of central sensitization).

In a previous translational placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, cross-over study in healthy humans, the investigators were unable to show naloxone-induced reinstatement of secondary hyperalgesia after resolution of a first-degree burn-injury (BI; H-2-2012-036). The investigators hypothesized, that the negative results were attributable to the low dose of naloxone (21 microg/kg) or perhaps insufficient tissue injury to generate latent sensitization.

The investigators therefore in a sequel study administered a higher dose of naloxone (2 mg/kg) 7 days after induction of a BI. The investigators demonstrated in 4 out of 12 subjects reinstatement of secondary hyperalgesia. The magnitude of reinstatement was more pronounced in high-sensitizers (subjects developing large secondary hyperalgesia areas immediately after the BI) The aims of the present clinical study in patients are first, to replicate our previous findings of naloxone-induced (3.25 mg/kg) unmasking of latent sensitization utilizing the impacted mandibular third molar extraction (TME) model with a more pronounced tissue injury than the BI-model. The endpoints are reinstatement of pain and hyperalgesia in the resolution-phase, 4 - 5 weeks after TME-surgery. Second, the study examines a potential dose-response relationship between three stable naloxone concentrations acquired by target controlled infusion (TCI).

Conditions

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Healthy Subjects Hyperalgesia Inflammations, Endodontic Pain, Acute Sensitization, Central

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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High-dose naloxone

Naloxone 4 mg/ml i.v. infusion, total 3.25 mg/kg, target controlled infusion with three infusion rates (0.25 mg/kg; 0.75 mg/kg; 2.25 mg/kg) each of 25 min duration)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Naloxone

Intervention Type DRUG

active drug infusion

Normal saline

0.9% physiological saline, i.v. infusion, total 0.81 ml/kg, target controlled infusion with three infusion rates (0.06 ml/kg; 0.19 ml/kg; 0.56 ml/kg) each of 25 min duration.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Normal Saline

Intervention Type DRUG

placebo comparator

Interventions

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Naloxone

active drug infusion

Intervention Type DRUG

Normal Saline

placebo comparator

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Naloxon "B. Braun" Physiologic Saline

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Healthy male
* Age, minimum 18 yrs and maximum 65 yrs
* Signed informed consent
* Participants submitted to unilateral, primary, impacted, uncomplicated mandibular third molar extraction 4 weeks (+ 3 days) prior to examination Day 1.
* Standardized surgical procedure.
* Urin-sample without traces of opioids (morphine, methadon, buprenorphine, codeine, tramadol, ketobemidone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, dextromethorphan)
* ASA I-II
* Body mass index (BMI): 18 \< BMI \< 30 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria

* Participants, who do not speak or understand Danish
* Participants, who cannot cooperate with the investigation
* Participants, who have had previous surgery in the mandibular region
* Participants with pain at rest \> 3 (NRS \[0: no pain; 10: worst perceivable pain\])
* Activity-related pain in the surgical field \> 5 (NRS)
* Allergic reaction against morphine or other opioids (including naloxone),
* Abuse of alcohol or drugs - according to investigator's evaluation
* Use of psychotropic drugs (exception of SSRI)
* Neurologic or psychiatric disease
* Chronic pain condition
* Regular use of analgesic drugs
* Skin lesions or tattoos in the assessment areas
* Nerve lesions in the assessment sites (e.g., after trauma, dental surgery)
* Use of prescription drugs one week before the trial
* Use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs 48 hours before the trial
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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University of Kentucky

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

mads u werner

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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mads u werner

Associate professor

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Mads U Werner, MD, DMSc

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Neuroscience Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark

Bradley K Taylor, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center

Locations

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Neuroscience Center, Copenhagen University Hospital

Copenhagen, , Denmark

Site Status

Countries

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Denmark

References

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Brennum J, Kaiser F, Dahl JB. Effect of naloxone on primary and secondary hyperalgesia induced by the human burn injury model. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001 Sep;45(8):954-60. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.450806.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11576045 (View on PubMed)

Pielsticker A, Haag G, Zaudig M, Lautenbacher S. Impairment of pain inhibition in chronic tension-type headache. Pain. 2005 Nov;118(1-2):215-23. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2005.08.019. Epub 2005 Oct 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16202520 (View on PubMed)

Price DD, Staud R, Robinson ME, Mauderli AP, Cannon R, Vierck CJ. Enhanced temporal summation of second pain and its central modulation in fibromyalgia patients. Pain. 2002 Sep;99(1-2):49-59. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00053-2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12237183 (View on PubMed)

van Wilgen CP, Keizer D. The sensitization model to explain how chronic pain exists without tissue damage. Pain Manag Nurs. 2012 Mar;13(1):60-5. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2010.03.001. Epub 2010 Jul 22.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22341140 (View on PubMed)

Koppert W, Filitz J, Troster A, Ihmsen H, Angst M, Flor H, Schuttler J, Schmelz M. Activation of naloxone-sensitive and -insensitive inhibitory systems in a human pain model. J Pain. 2005 Nov;6(11):757-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2005.07.002.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16275600 (View on PubMed)

Campillo A, Cabanero D, Romero A, Garcia-Nogales P, Puig MM. Delayed postoperative latent pain sensitization revealed by the systemic administration of opioid antagonists in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 Apr 25;657(1-3):89-96. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.01.059. Epub 2011 Feb 4.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21300053 (View on PubMed)

Taylor BK, Corder G. Endogenous analgesia, dependence, and latent pain sensitization. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2014;20:283-325. doi: 10.1007/7854_2014_351.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25227929 (View on PubMed)

Corder G, Doolen S, Donahue RR, Winter MK, Jutras BL, He Y, Hu X, Wieskopf JS, Mogil JS, Storm DR, Wang ZJ, McCarson KE, Taylor BK. Constitutive mu-opioid receptor activity leads to long-term endogenous analgesia and dependence. Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1394-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1239403.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24052307 (View on PubMed)

Pereira MP, Werner MU, Ringsted TK, Rowbotham MC, Taylor BK, Dahl JB. Does naloxone reinstate secondary hyperalgesia in humans after resolution of a burn injury? A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. PLoS One. 2013 May 31;8(5):e64608. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064608. Print 2013.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23741350 (View on PubMed)

Pereira MP, Donahue RR, Dahl JB, Werner M, Taylor BK, Werner MU. Endogenous Opioid-Masked Latent Pain Sensitization: Studies from Mouse to Human. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 25;10(8):e0134441. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134441. eCollection 2015.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26305798 (View on PubMed)

Edwards RR, Ness TJ, Fillingim RB. Endogenous opioids, blood pressure, and diffuse noxious inhibitory controls: a preliminary study. Percept Mot Skills. 2004 Oct;99(2):679-87. doi: 10.2466/pms.99.2.679-687.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 15560360 (View on PubMed)

Singla NK, Desjardins PJ, Chang PD. A comparison of the clinical and experimental characteristics of four acute surgical pain models: dental extraction, bunionectomy, joint replacement, and soft tissue surgery. Pain. 2014 Mar;155(3):441-456. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.09.002. Epub 2013 Sep 6.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24012952 (View on PubMed)

Glass PS, Jhaveri RM, Smith LR. Comparison of potency and duration of action of nalmefene and naloxone. Anesth Analg. 1994 Mar;78(3):536-41. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199403000-00021.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 8109774 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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H-15018869-TME

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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