INVestIgation of rheumatiC AF Treatment Using Vitamin K Antagonists, Rivaroxaban or Aspirin Studies, Non-Inferiority

NCT ID: NCT02832544

Last Updated: 2022-10-05

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

4565 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-08-22

Study Completion Date

2022-08-18

Brief Summary

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This program is a comprehensive evaluation of rheumatic valvular heart disease (RVHD), Atrial fibrillation (AF)/flutter and stroke.

A prospective, randomized, parallel group, open-label clinical trial of rivaroxaban versus standard vitamin K antagonists (VKA) therapy to evaluate non-inferiority of rivaroxaban to VKA, with testing for superiority if non-inferiority is satisfied.

Detailed Description

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Non-Inferiority Trial of rivaroxaban versus VKAs: 4,500 patients

Inclusion Criteria:

1. RVHD diagnosed by echocardiography at any time prior to enrollment
2. Age ≥18
3. Increased risk of stroke by any of the following

1. CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2 OR
2. Moderate/Severe mitral stenosis with valve area ≤2.0 cm2 OR
3. Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast OR
4. Left atrial thrombus
4. Heart Rhythm a) AF or Flutter should be documented on baseline 12-lead ECG, or on a previous 12-lead ECG, Holter monitor, in-hospital ECG rhythm strip or Pacemaker or ICD electrogram.

Treatment:

Patients will be randomized either to receive rivaroxaban or any approved VKA. Treatment will be open-label.

1. Rivaroxaban Arm

* Rivaroxaban 20 mg once daily
* Rivaroxaban 15 mg once daily (for patients with an creatinine clearance ≥15 and \<50 ml/min)
2. VKA Arm

* Any VKA approved for use in the participating country
* VKA titrated to achieve an INR of 2.0-3.0

Conditions

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Rheumatic Heart Disease

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Rivaroxaban (20 mg)

Rivaroxaban 20 mg od (n \~ 2250); 15 mg od (once daily) in patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) 15-49 ml/min

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Rivaroxaban (20 mg)

Intervention Type DRUG

Rivaroxaban is non-inferior to VKAs for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with AF/flutter and RVHD and potentially superior to VKAs.

Vitamin K antagonists (VKA)

Any approved VKA in the participating country (n \~ 2250); VKA titrated to achieve an INR of 2.0-3.0

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Vitamin K antagonists (VKA)

Intervention Type DRUG

Interventions

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Rivaroxaban (20 mg)

Rivaroxaban is non-inferior to VKAs for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with AF/flutter and RVHD and potentially superior to VKAs.

Intervention Type DRUG

Vitamin K antagonists (VKA)

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Xarelto Warfarin

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. RVHD diagnosed by echocardiography at any time prior to enrollment
2. Age ≥18
3. Increased risk of stroke by any of the following

* CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2 OR
* Moderate/Severe mitral stenosis with valve area ≤2.0 cm2 OR
* Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast OR
* Left atrial thrombus
4. Heart Rhythm \*AF or Flutter should be documented on baseline 12-lead ECG, or on a previous 12-lead ECG, Holter monitor, in-hospital ECG rhythm strip or Pacemaker or ICD electrogram.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Refusal to give informed consent
2. Actively involved in any study that would compromise the protocol of INVICTUS Trial
3. Severe co-morbid condition with life expectancy \< 1 year
4. Other serious condition(s) or logistic factors likely to interfere with study participation or with the ability to complete the trial, as appropriate to country or region.
5. Likely to have valve replacement surgery within 6 months
6. Mechanical valve prosthesis or other condition requiring treatment with VKAs. Patients with deep vein thrombosis or recent pulmonary embolism can be enrolled where both VKAs and rivaroxaban are approved.
7. Contraindication to the study medication of the trial

* Allergy to rivaroxaban
* Allergy to VKAs ( non-inferiority trial)
* Allergy to aspirin ( superiority trial)
8. Severe renal insufficiency with an calculated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault) \<15 ml/min
9. Serious bleeding in the past six months or at high risk for bleeding
10. Moderate to severe hepatic impairment
11. Ongoing need for dual antiplatelet therapy (patients with on-going aspirin therapy ≤100 mg per day are not excluded)
12. Ongoing need for dual strong inhibitors of CYP-3a4 or p-glycoprotein inhibitor.
13. Received an investigational drug in the past 30 days
14. Patients considered unsuitable for trial inclusion because of unwillingness to attend follow up visits
15. Women who are pregnant and/or breastfeeding
16. Women of child bearing age who do not use an effective form of birth control.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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University of Cape Town

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Bayer

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

Population Health Research Institute

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Stuart Connolly, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Population Health Research Institute

Locations

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Princess Marina Hospital

Gaborone, , Botswana

Site Status

Cardresearch - Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa

Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Site Status

Nucleo de Estudios Clinicos - Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro

Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Site Status

Eurolatino Pesquisas Médicas Ltda

Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Site Status

Clínica Procardio Ltda.

Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Site Status

Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica de Campinas

Campinas, , Brazil

Site Status

LOEMA - Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica & Consultores Ltda

Campinas, , Brazil

Site Status

Via Médica Centro Clínico Barroso e Sebba Ltda

Goiânia, , Brazil

Site Status

Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul

Porto Alegre, , Brazil

Site Status

Fundação Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto

São José do Rio Preto, , Brazil

Site Status

Instituto do Coração - HCFMUSP

São Paulo, , Brazil

Site Status

Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia

São Paulo, , Brazil

Site Status

Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Votuporanga

Votuporanga, , Brazil

Site Status

Clinique Coeur Et Vie

Douala, , Cameroon

Site Status

Douala General Hospital

Douala, , Cameroon

Site Status

St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital, Cardiac Centre

Kumbo, , Cameroon

Site Status

Hopital Central Yaounde

Yaoundé, , Cameroon

Site Status

Liangxiang Hospital

Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China

Site Status

The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University

Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

Site Status

Jixi People's Hospital

Jixi, Heilongjiang, China

Site Status

Tieli People's Hospital

Yichun, Heilongjiang, China

Site Status

Luoyang Central's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University

Luoyang, Henan, China

Site Status

Dancheng County People's Hospital

Zhoukou, Henan, China

Site Status

Suiping Renan Hospital

Zhumadian, Henan, China

Site Status

Jianshi County People's Hospital

Enshi, Hubei, China

Site Status

Suqian Peaple's Hospital of Nanjing Drum-Tower Hospital Group

Suqian, Jiangsu, China

Site Status

Tonghua Central Hospital

Tonghua, Jilin, China

Site Status

Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University

Dalian, Liaoning, China

Site Status

The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University

Dalian, Liaoning, China

Site Status

Ningxia Peple's Hospital

Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

Site Status

Pi County People's Hospital

Chengdu, Sichuan, China

Site Status

Anyue County People's Hospital

Ziyang, Sichuan, China

Site Status

Wendeng Central Hospital

Weihai, Wendeng, China

Site Status

Ninghai People's Hospital

Ningbo, Zhejiang, China

Site Status

Beijing Anzhen Hospital

Beijing, , China

Site Status

Zhongmou County People's Hospital

Henan, , China

Site Status

Zhengzhou No.7 People's Hospital

Henan, , China

Site Status

Zhengzhou 9th People's Hospital

Henan, , China

Site Status

Guangshan County People's Hospital

Henan, , China

Site Status

Fayoum General Hospital

Al Fayyum, , Egypt

Site Status

Mehallah Rheumatic Heart Center

Al Mansurah, , Egypt

Site Status

Specialized Medical Hospital - Mansoura

Al Mansurah, , Egypt

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Alexandria University Hospital

Alexandria, , Egypt

Site Status

Assuit General Hospital

Asyut, , Egypt

Site Status

Benha University Cardiology Department

Banhā, , Egypt

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Beni Suef University Hospital

Banī Suwayf, , Egypt

Site Status

Ain Shams University Hospital

Cairo, , Egypt

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Kasr El Einy Hospital (Cairo University)

Cairo, , Egypt

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Suez Canal University Hospital

Ismailia, , Egypt

Site Status

El Minia University Hospital

Minya, , Egypt

Site Status

Sohag University, Sohag

Sohag, , Egypt

Site Status

Red Crescent Hospital

Tanta, , Egypt

Site Status

Zagazig University Hospital

Zagazig, , Egypt

Site Status

Hawassa University Referral Hospital

Awasa, Snnpr, Ethiopia

Site Status

College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Black Lion Hospital

Addis Ababa, , Ethiopia

Site Status

Jimma University Hospital

Jimma, , Ethiopia

Site Status

Mekelle University

Mek'ele, , Ethiopia

Site Status

Sri Jayadev Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research

Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Site Status

Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital @ PGIMER

New Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi, India

Site Status

Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital (GIPMER)

New Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi, India

Site Status

All India Institute of Medical Sciences

New Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi, India

Site Status

SMS Medical College

Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

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King George's Medical College

Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences

Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Kazakh National Medical Institute,

Almaty, , Kazakhstan

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Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital

Eldoret, , Kenya

Site Status

Karen Hospital

Nairobi, , Kenya

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Kenyatta National Hospital / University Of Nairobi

Nairobi, , Kenya

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Clinical Hospital of administrative department of President and Government of Kyrgyz Republic

Bishkek, , Kyrgyzstan

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Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital

Blantyre, , Malawi

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Kumuzu Central Hospital

Lilongwe, , Malawi

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Mzuzu Central Hospital

Mzuzu, , Malawi

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Hospital Angeles León

León, Guanajuato, Mexico

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Hospital Bernardette

Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

Site Status

Centro de Estudios Clínicos de Querétaro S.C.

Querétaro City, Querétaro, Mexico

Site Status

Centro para el Desarrollo de la Medicina y Asistencia Especializada S.C.

Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico

Site Status

Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Cardiológica Aguascalientes

Aguascalientes, , Mexico

Site Status

Hospital General Dr. Jorge Soberon Acevedo.Secretaria de Salud del Estado de Guerrero

Guerrero, , Mexico

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Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez

México, , Mexico

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Maputo Central Hospital

Maputo, , Mozambique

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Instituto Nacional de Saude & Universidade Eduardo Mondlane

Maputo, , Mozambique

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College of Medical Sciences

Bharatpur, , Nepal

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Chitwan Medical College

Bharatpur, , Nepal

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Nobel medical college and teaching hospital pvt ltd

Biratnagar, , Nepal

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Gautam Buddha Community Heart Hospital

Butwāl, , Nepal

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BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences

Dharān, , Nepal

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Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Trasplant Center, IOM, TU

Kathmandu, , Nepal

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Sahid Gangalal Heart Center

Kathmandu, , Nepal

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Bheri Zonal Hospital

Nepalgunj, , Nepal

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Manipal College of Medical Sciences

Pokhara, , Nepal

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Federal Medical Center

Abeokuta, , Nigeria

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University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital

Enugu, , Nigeria

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College of Medicine, University of Ibadan

Ibadan, , Nigeria

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Jos University Teaching Hospital

Jos, , Nigeria

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Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital

Kaduna, , Nigeria

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Aminu Kano University Teaching Hospital

Kano, , Nigeria

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Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital

Lagos, , Nigeria

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Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital

Ogbomoso, , Nigeria

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Department of Medicine, Delta State University Teaching Hospital

Oghara, , Nigeria

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Punjab Institute of Cardiology

Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan

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Isra University Hospital

Hyderābād, , Pakistan

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Nishtar Hospital Multan

Multan, , Pakistan

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Lady Reading Hospital

Peshawar, , Pakistan

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Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology

Rawalpindi, , Pakistan

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Instituto Nacional de Cardiología

Asunción, , Paraguay

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Hospital Barrio Obrero

Asunción, , Paraguay

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Hospital Regional de Ciudad Del Este

Ciudad del Este, , Paraguay

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Hospital Nacional Itaugua

Itauguá, , Paraguay

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Clinical Hospital

San Lorenzo, , Paraguay

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Palawan Medical City

Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines

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Philippine General Hospital

Manila, , Philippines

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Philippine Heart Center

Quezon City, , Philippines

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Quirino Memorial Medical Center

Quezon City, , Philippines

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University of Rwanda, Kigali University Teaching Hospital

Kigali, , Rwanda

Site Status

Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital

Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa

Site Status

Charlotte Maxeke Academic Hospital

Johannesburg, Parktown, South Africa

Site Status

Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University

Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa

Site Status

Cardiology Research Universitas private hospital

Bloemfontein, , South Africa

Site Status

University of Cape Town

Cape Town, , South Africa

Site Status

University of Limpopo

Polokwane, , South Africa

Site Status

Port Elizabeth Hospital Complex

Port Elizabeth, , South Africa

Site Status

Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital

Soweto, , South Africa

Site Status

Alobeid Teaching Hospital

Al-Ubayyid, , Sudan

Site Status

Atbara Teaching Hospital

Atbara, , Sudan

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Ahmed Gasim Hospital

Khartoum, , Sudan

Site Status

Alshaab Teaching Hospital

Khartoum, , Sudan

Site Status

Ahmed Gasim Pediatric Hospital

Khartoum, , Sudan

Site Status

Sudan Heart Center

Khartoum, , Sudan

Site Status

Digna Prince Hospital

Port Sudan, , Sudan

Site Status

Medani Heart Centre

Wad Medani, , Sudan

Site Status

Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences

Dar es Salaam, , Tanzania

Site Status

Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital

Mbeya, , Tanzania

Site Status

Uganda Heart Institute

Kampala, , Uganda

Site Status

Livingstone Central Hospital

Livingstone, , Zambia

Site Status

University Teaching Hospital (UTH)

Lusaka, , Zambia

Site Status

Ndola Central Hospital

Ndola, , Zambia

Site Status

Mpilo Hospital, National University Science & Technology

Bulawayo, , Zimbabwe

Site Status

Harare Hospital

Harare, , Zimbabwe

Site Status

Parirenyatwa Hospital

Harare, , Zimbabwe

Site Status

Countries

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Botswana Brazil Cameroon China Egypt Ethiopia India Kazakhstan Kenya Kyrgyzstan Malawi Mexico Mozambique Nepal Nigeria Pakistan Paraguay Philippines Rwanda South Africa Sudan Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe

References

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Connolly SJ, Karthikeyan G, Ntsekhe M, Haileamlak A, El Sayed A, El Ghamrawy A, Damasceno A, Avezum A, Dans AML, Gitura B, Hu D, Kamanzi ER, Maklady F, Fana G, Gonzalez-Hermosillo JA, Musuku J, Kazmi K, Zuhlke L, Gondwe L, Ma C, Paniagua M, Ogah OS, Molefe-Baikai OJ, Lwabi P, Chillo P, Sharma SK, Cabral TTJ, Tarhuni WM, Benz A, van Eikels M, Krol A, Pattath D, Balasubramanian K, Rangarajan S, Ramasundarahettige C, Mayosi B, Yusuf S; INVICTUS Investigators. Rivaroxaban in Rheumatic Heart Disease-Associated Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2022 Sep 15;387(11):978-988. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2209051. Epub 2022 Aug 28.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36036525 (View on PubMed)

Karthikeyan G, Connolly SJ, Yusuf S. Overestimation of Stroke Risk in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis and the Implications for Oral Anticoagulation. Circulation. 2020 Nov 3;142(18):1697-1699. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050347. Epub 2020 Nov 2. No abstract available.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 33136507 (View on PubMed)

Karthikeyan G, Connolly SJ, Ntsekhe M, Benz A, Rangarajan S, Lewis G, Yun Y, Sharma SK, Maklady F, Elghamrawy AE, Kazmi K, Cabral TTJ, Dayi H, Changsheng M, Gitura BM, Avezum A, Zuhlke L, Lwabi P, Haileamlak A, Ogah O, Chillo P, Paniagua M, ElSayed A, Dans A, Gondwe-Chunda L, Molefe-Baikai OJ, Gonzalez-Hermosillo JA, Hakim J, Damasceno A, Kamanzi ER, Musuku J, Davletov K, Connolly K, Mayosi BM, Yusuf S; INVICTUS Investigators. The INVICTUS rheumatic heart disease research program: Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a randomized trial of rivaroxaban compared to vitamin K antagonists in rheumatic valvular disease and atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J. 2020 Jul;225:69-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.03.018. Epub 2020 Mar 25.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 32474206 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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INVICTUS - VKA

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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