Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
54 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2016-06-30
2019-07-16
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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CASE_CONTROL
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Study Groups
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Parkinson's Disease
Non-smokers, ages 18-80, diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease. Must be Hoehn and Yahr stage 2 or less with a history of motor symptoms less than two years.
Electrical Brainstem Responses
Eye blink responses will be induced using standard stimulating electrodes employed in surface electromyography (EMG). The subjects will recline with their eyes gently closed. Sticky electrodes will be placed to the left and below the left eye. 6 different facial regions will be stimulated. The electrical stimulation will be kept constant during the test sessions. To prevent habituation, the stimuli will be delivered randomly at intervals of 45-60 sec. Four 0.2 msec pulses will be presented. In some cases, paired pulse stimulation will be performed, and a conditioning stimulus will be applied to the target facial regions at the following intervals: 10, 200, 400, 600 and 800 msec. 4 pulses will be presented at each stimulus interval with randomized interval and pulse sequences.
Olfactory Tests
Olfactory testing will be performed using standard tests. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) assesses a subjects ability to identify odors in a forced choice format. The Snap and Sniff Threshold Test provides a threshold measure of phenyl ethyl alcohol. Short-term odor memory will be assessed using a standardized 12-item four-alternative forced-choice Odor Memory Test. This non-lexical test employs 10-, 30-, and 60-second delay intervals between the presentation of the target odorant and the first of four successively presented odors from which the target is to be selected.
Visual Deprivation
During a 2-hour visual deprivation period, subjects will wear comfortable light-tight goggles with lenses that have been blackened by flat black paint. Subjects will be given the opportunity to recline comfortable in a padded reclining chair during this time.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Electrical stimulation will be applied to a nerve of your arm. Sticky electrode pads will also be placed on a hand muscle. You will receive electrical stimulations that lasts less than a second. The stimulations will make your muscle twitch.
Alzheimer's Disease
Non-smokers, ages 18-80, diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease. Must meet the 2011 National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association and the 1984 National Institute for Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for probable AD.
Electrical Brainstem Responses
Eye blink responses will be induced using standard stimulating electrodes employed in surface electromyography (EMG). The subjects will recline with their eyes gently closed. Sticky electrodes will be placed to the left and below the left eye. 6 different facial regions will be stimulated. The electrical stimulation will be kept constant during the test sessions. To prevent habituation, the stimuli will be delivered randomly at intervals of 45-60 sec. Four 0.2 msec pulses will be presented. In some cases, paired pulse stimulation will be performed, and a conditioning stimulus will be applied to the target facial regions at the following intervals: 10, 200, 400, 600 and 800 msec. 4 pulses will be presented at each stimulus interval with randomized interval and pulse sequences.
Olfactory Tests
Olfactory testing will be performed using standard tests. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) assesses a subjects ability to identify odors in a forced choice format. The Snap and Sniff Threshold Test provides a threshold measure of phenyl ethyl alcohol. Short-term odor memory will be assessed using a standardized 12-item four-alternative forced-choice Odor Memory Test. This non-lexical test employs 10-, 30-, and 60-second delay intervals between the presentation of the target odorant and the first of four successively presented odors from which the target is to be selected.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Electrical stimulation will be applied to a nerve of your arm. Sticky electrode pads will also be placed on a hand muscle. You will receive electrical stimulations that lasts less than a second. The stimulations will make your muscle twitch.
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Non-smokers, ages 18-80, diagnosed with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Must meet the NINDS-SPSP criteria for probable PSP, which requires vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, prominent postural instability, and falls in the first year of onset, as well as a number of other clinical features.
Electrical Brainstem Responses
Eye blink responses will be induced using standard stimulating electrodes employed in surface electromyography (EMG). The subjects will recline with their eyes gently closed. Sticky electrodes will be placed to the left and below the left eye. 6 different facial regions will be stimulated. The electrical stimulation will be kept constant during the test sessions. To prevent habituation, the stimuli will be delivered randomly at intervals of 45-60 sec. Four 0.2 msec pulses will be presented. In some cases, paired pulse stimulation will be performed, and a conditioning stimulus will be applied to the target facial regions at the following intervals: 10, 200, 400, 600 and 800 msec. 4 pulses will be presented at each stimulus interval with randomized interval and pulse sequences.
Olfactory Tests
Olfactory testing will be performed using standard tests. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) assesses a subjects ability to identify odors in a forced choice format. The Snap and Sniff Threshold Test provides a threshold measure of phenyl ethyl alcohol. Short-term odor memory will be assessed using a standardized 12-item four-alternative forced-choice Odor Memory Test. This non-lexical test employs 10-, 30-, and 60-second delay intervals between the presentation of the target odorant and the first of four successively presented odors from which the target is to be selected.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Electrical stimulation will be applied to a nerve of your arm. Sticky electrode pads will also be placed on a hand muscle. You will receive electrical stimulations that lasts less than a second. The stimulations will make your muscle twitch.
Essential Tremor
Non-smokers, ages 18-80, diagnosed with Essential Tremor.
Electrical Brainstem Responses
Eye blink responses will be induced using standard stimulating electrodes employed in surface electromyography (EMG). The subjects will recline with their eyes gently closed. Sticky electrodes will be placed to the left and below the left eye. 6 different facial regions will be stimulated. The electrical stimulation will be kept constant during the test sessions. To prevent habituation, the stimuli will be delivered randomly at intervals of 45-60 sec. Four 0.2 msec pulses will be presented. In some cases, paired pulse stimulation will be performed, and a conditioning stimulus will be applied to the target facial regions at the following intervals: 10, 200, 400, 600 and 800 msec. 4 pulses will be presented at each stimulus interval with randomized interval and pulse sequences.
Olfactory Tests
Olfactory testing will be performed using standard tests. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) assesses a subjects ability to identify odors in a forced choice format. The Snap and Sniff Threshold Test provides a threshold measure of phenyl ethyl alcohol. Short-term odor memory will be assessed using a standardized 12-item four-alternative forced-choice Odor Memory Test. This non-lexical test employs 10-, 30-, and 60-second delay intervals between the presentation of the target odorant and the first of four successively presented odors from which the target is to be selected.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Electrical stimulation will be applied to a nerve of your arm. Sticky electrode pads will also be placed on a hand muscle. You will receive electrical stimulations that lasts less than a second. The stimulations will make your muscle twitch.
Drug-Induced Parkinson's Disease
Non-smokers, ages 18-80, diagnosed with Drug-Induced Parkinson's Disease.
Electrical Brainstem Responses
Eye blink responses will be induced using standard stimulating electrodes employed in surface electromyography (EMG). The subjects will recline with their eyes gently closed. Sticky electrodes will be placed to the left and below the left eye. 6 different facial regions will be stimulated. The electrical stimulation will be kept constant during the test sessions. To prevent habituation, the stimuli will be delivered randomly at intervals of 45-60 sec. Four 0.2 msec pulses will be presented. In some cases, paired pulse stimulation will be performed, and a conditioning stimulus will be applied to the target facial regions at the following intervals: 10, 200, 400, 600 and 800 msec. 4 pulses will be presented at each stimulus interval with randomized interval and pulse sequences.
Olfactory Tests
Olfactory testing will be performed using standard tests. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) assesses a subjects ability to identify odors in a forced choice format. The Snap and Sniff Threshold Test provides a threshold measure of phenyl ethyl alcohol. Short-term odor memory will be assessed using a standardized 12-item four-alternative forced-choice Odor Memory Test. This non-lexical test employs 10-, 30-, and 60-second delay intervals between the presentation of the target odorant and the first of four successively presented odors from which the target is to be selected.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Electrical stimulation will be applied to a nerve of your arm. Sticky electrode pads will also be placed on a hand muscle. You will receive electrical stimulations that lasts less than a second. The stimulations will make your muscle twitch.
Myasthenia Gravis
Non-smokers, ages 18-80, diagnosed with Myasthenia Gravis.
Electrical Brainstem Responses
Eye blink responses will be induced using standard stimulating electrodes employed in surface electromyography (EMG). The subjects will recline with their eyes gently closed. Sticky electrodes will be placed to the left and below the left eye. 6 different facial regions will be stimulated. The electrical stimulation will be kept constant during the test sessions. To prevent habituation, the stimuli will be delivered randomly at intervals of 45-60 sec. Four 0.2 msec pulses will be presented. In some cases, paired pulse stimulation will be performed, and a conditioning stimulus will be applied to the target facial regions at the following intervals: 10, 200, 400, 600 and 800 msec. 4 pulses will be presented at each stimulus interval with randomized interval and pulse sequences.
Olfactory Tests
Olfactory testing will be performed using standard tests. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) assesses a subjects ability to identify odors in a forced choice format. The Snap and Sniff Threshold Test provides a threshold measure of phenyl ethyl alcohol. Short-term odor memory will be assessed using a standardized 12-item four-alternative forced-choice Odor Memory Test. This non-lexical test employs 10-, 30-, and 60-second delay intervals between the presentation of the target odorant and the first of four successively presented odors from which the target is to be selected.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Electrical stimulation will be applied to a nerve of your arm. Sticky electrode pads will also be placed on a hand muscle. You will receive electrical stimulations that lasts less than a second. The stimulations will make your muscle twitch.
Multiple System Atrophy
Non-smokers, ages 18-80, who have been diagnosed with Multiple System Atrophy.
Electrical Brainstem Responses
Eye blink responses will be induced using standard stimulating electrodes employed in surface electromyography (EMG). The subjects will recline with their eyes gently closed. Sticky electrodes will be placed to the left and below the left eye. 6 different facial regions will be stimulated. The electrical stimulation will be kept constant during the test sessions. To prevent habituation, the stimuli will be delivered randomly at intervals of 45-60 sec. Four 0.2 msec pulses will be presented. In some cases, paired pulse stimulation will be performed, and a conditioning stimulus will be applied to the target facial regions at the following intervals: 10, 200, 400, 600 and 800 msec. 4 pulses will be presented at each stimulus interval with randomized interval and pulse sequences.
Olfactory Tests
Olfactory testing will be performed using standard tests. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) assesses a subjects ability to identify odors in a forced choice format. The Snap and Sniff Threshold Test provides a threshold measure of phenyl ethyl alcohol. Short-term odor memory will be assessed using a standardized 12-item four-alternative forced-choice Odor Memory Test. This non-lexical test employs 10-, 30-, and 60-second delay intervals between the presentation of the target odorant and the first of four successively presented odors from which the target is to be selected.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Electrical stimulation will be applied to a nerve of your arm. Sticky electrode pads will also be placed on a hand muscle. You will receive electrical stimulations that lasts less than a second. The stimulations will make your muscle twitch.
Diffuse Lewy Body Disease
Non-smokers, ages 18-80, diagnosed with Diffuse Lewy Body Disease. Must meet the Consensus Criteria for the clinical diagnosis of DLBD.
Electrical Brainstem Responses
Eye blink responses will be induced using standard stimulating electrodes employed in surface electromyography (EMG). The subjects will recline with their eyes gently closed. Sticky electrodes will be placed to the left and below the left eye. 6 different facial regions will be stimulated. The electrical stimulation will be kept constant during the test sessions. To prevent habituation, the stimuli will be delivered randomly at intervals of 45-60 sec. Four 0.2 msec pulses will be presented. In some cases, paired pulse stimulation will be performed, and a conditioning stimulus will be applied to the target facial regions at the following intervals: 10, 200, 400, 600 and 800 msec. 4 pulses will be presented at each stimulus interval with randomized interval and pulse sequences.
Olfactory Tests
Olfactory testing will be performed using standard tests. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) assesses a subjects ability to identify odors in a forced choice format. The Snap and Sniff Threshold Test provides a threshold measure of phenyl ethyl alcohol. Short-term odor memory will be assessed using a standardized 12-item four-alternative forced-choice Odor Memory Test. This non-lexical test employs 10-, 30-, and 60-second delay intervals between the presentation of the target odorant and the first of four successively presented odors from which the target is to be selected.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Electrical stimulation will be applied to a nerve of your arm. Sticky electrode pads will also be placed on a hand muscle. You will receive electrical stimulations that lasts less than a second. The stimulations will make your muscle twitch.
Healthy Controls
Non-smokers, ages 18-80, with no neurodegenerative disease, and no first-degree relatives with a neurodegenerative disease.
Electrical Brainstem Responses
Eye blink responses will be induced using standard stimulating electrodes employed in surface electromyography (EMG). The subjects will recline with their eyes gently closed. Sticky electrodes will be placed to the left and below the left eye. 6 different facial regions will be stimulated. The electrical stimulation will be kept constant during the test sessions. To prevent habituation, the stimuli will be delivered randomly at intervals of 45-60 sec. Four 0.2 msec pulses will be presented. In some cases, paired pulse stimulation will be performed, and a conditioning stimulus will be applied to the target facial regions at the following intervals: 10, 200, 400, 600 and 800 msec. 4 pulses will be presented at each stimulus interval with randomized interval and pulse sequences.
Olfactory Tests
Olfactory testing will be performed using standard tests. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) assesses a subjects ability to identify odors in a forced choice format. The Snap and Sniff Threshold Test provides a threshold measure of phenyl ethyl alcohol. Short-term odor memory will be assessed using a standardized 12-item four-alternative forced-choice Odor Memory Test. This non-lexical test employs 10-, 30-, and 60-second delay intervals between the presentation of the target odorant and the first of four successively presented odors from which the target is to be selected.
Visual Deprivation
During a 2-hour visual deprivation period, subjects will wear comfortable light-tight goggles with lenses that have been blackened by flat black paint. Subjects will be given the opportunity to recline comfortable in a padded reclining chair during this time.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Electrical stimulation will be applied to a nerve of your arm. Sticky electrode pads will also be placed on a hand muscle. You will receive electrical stimulations that lasts less than a second. The stimulations will make your muscle twitch.
Spinal Cord Injury
Electrical Brainstem Responses
Eye blink responses will be induced using standard stimulating electrodes employed in surface electromyography (EMG). The subjects will recline with their eyes gently closed. Sticky electrodes will be placed to the left and below the left eye. 6 different facial regions will be stimulated. The electrical stimulation will be kept constant during the test sessions. To prevent habituation, the stimuli will be delivered randomly at intervals of 45-60 sec. Four 0.2 msec pulses will be presented. In some cases, paired pulse stimulation will be performed, and a conditioning stimulus will be applied to the target facial regions at the following intervals: 10, 200, 400, 600 and 800 msec. 4 pulses will be presented at each stimulus interval with randomized interval and pulse sequences.
Olfactory Tests
Olfactory testing will be performed using standard tests. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) assesses a subjects ability to identify odors in a forced choice format. The Snap and Sniff Threshold Test provides a threshold measure of phenyl ethyl alcohol. Short-term odor memory will be assessed using a standardized 12-item four-alternative forced-choice Odor Memory Test. This non-lexical test employs 10-, 30-, and 60-second delay intervals between the presentation of the target odorant and the first of four successively presented odors from which the target is to be selected.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Electrical stimulation will be applied to a nerve of your arm. Sticky electrode pads will also be placed on a hand muscle. You will receive electrical stimulations that lasts less than a second. The stimulations will make your muscle twitch.
Asymptomatic Relatives
Electrical Brainstem Responses
Eye blink responses will be induced using standard stimulating electrodes employed in surface electromyography (EMG). The subjects will recline with their eyes gently closed. Sticky electrodes will be placed to the left and below the left eye. 6 different facial regions will be stimulated. The electrical stimulation will be kept constant during the test sessions. To prevent habituation, the stimuli will be delivered randomly at intervals of 45-60 sec. Four 0.2 msec pulses will be presented. In some cases, paired pulse stimulation will be performed, and a conditioning stimulus will be applied to the target facial regions at the following intervals: 10, 200, 400, 600 and 800 msec. 4 pulses will be presented at each stimulus interval with randomized interval and pulse sequences.
Olfactory Tests
Olfactory testing will be performed using standard tests. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) assesses a subjects ability to identify odors in a forced choice format. The Snap and Sniff Threshold Test provides a threshold measure of phenyl ethyl alcohol. Short-term odor memory will be assessed using a standardized 12-item four-alternative forced-choice Odor Memory Test. This non-lexical test employs 10-, 30-, and 60-second delay intervals between the presentation of the target odorant and the first of four successively presented odors from which the target is to be selected.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Electrical stimulation will be applied to a nerve of your arm. Sticky electrode pads will also be placed on a hand muscle. You will receive electrical stimulations that lasts less than a second. The stimulations will make your muscle twitch.
Interventions
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Electrical Brainstem Responses
Eye blink responses will be induced using standard stimulating electrodes employed in surface electromyography (EMG). The subjects will recline with their eyes gently closed. Sticky electrodes will be placed to the left and below the left eye. 6 different facial regions will be stimulated. The electrical stimulation will be kept constant during the test sessions. To prevent habituation, the stimuli will be delivered randomly at intervals of 45-60 sec. Four 0.2 msec pulses will be presented. In some cases, paired pulse stimulation will be performed, and a conditioning stimulus will be applied to the target facial regions at the following intervals: 10, 200, 400, 600 and 800 msec. 4 pulses will be presented at each stimulus interval with randomized interval and pulse sequences.
Olfactory Tests
Olfactory testing will be performed using standard tests. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) assesses a subjects ability to identify odors in a forced choice format. The Snap and Sniff Threshold Test provides a threshold measure of phenyl ethyl alcohol. Short-term odor memory will be assessed using a standardized 12-item four-alternative forced-choice Odor Memory Test. This non-lexical test employs 10-, 30-, and 60-second delay intervals between the presentation of the target odorant and the first of four successively presented odors from which the target is to be selected.
Visual Deprivation
During a 2-hour visual deprivation period, subjects will wear comfortable light-tight goggles with lenses that have been blackened by flat black paint. Subjects will be given the opportunity to recline comfortable in a padded reclining chair during this time.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Electrical stimulation will be applied to a nerve of your arm. Sticky electrode pads will also be placed on a hand muscle. You will receive electrical stimulations that lasts less than a second. The stimulations will make your muscle twitch.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* The Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients will meet the 2011 National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association and the 1984 National Institute for Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for probable AD.
* The progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients will have met the NINDS-SPSP criteria for probable PSP, which requires vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, prominent postural instability, and falls in the first year of onset, as well as a number of other clinical features.
* The DLBD patients will meet the Consensus Criteria for the clinical diagnosis of DLBD.
* The healthy controls will be matched to the PD patients on such variables as sex, age, education level, and ethnicity.
* The essential tremor (ET), multiple system atrophy (MSA), myasthenia gravis (MG), multiple system atrophy (MSA), Parkinson's disease dementia (D-PD), and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients will meet the generally-accepted diagnostic criteria for these disorders.
Exclusion Criteria
* Any other known and potentially confounding condition that could reasonably be expected to interfere with the study assessments.
* Under age 18.
* Over age 80.
* Smoker.
* Pregnant or nursing.
* Healthy control with a first degree relative who has a neurodegenerative disease.
18 Years
80 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research
OTHER
University of Pennsylvania
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Richard L Doty, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Pennsylvania
Locations
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University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Countries
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Other Identifiers
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827731
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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