Isopropyl Alcohol vs Ondansetron for Nausea in the Emergency Department

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

122 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-01-31

Study Completion Date

2017-11-30

Brief Summary

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This study will compare the efficacy of isopropyl alcohol and conventional anti-emetics with three study arms: (1) inhaled isopropyl alcohol plus oral ondansetron; (2) inhaled isopropyl alcohol plus oral placebo; (3) inhaled placebo plus oral ondansetron.

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Detailed Description

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This study is a prospective randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that nasally-inhaled isopropyl alcohol (ISO) plus oral placebo has greater anti-emetic efficacy compared to oral ondansetron oral solution. By design, the study will be double-blinded insofar as neither investigators nor subjects will be notified of the identity of the substances they are inhaling or swallowing. The study will include a post-study survey to ascertain the extent to which blinding was achieved. Potential subjects are those presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with nausea and/or vomiting. Investigators will recruit a convenience sample by approaching subjects at the time of initial triage and solicit nausea on a verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) scored from 0-10 with those patients reporting scores of 3 or greater eligible for study. Informed consent will be obtained from each subject.

Subjects will be allocated to one of three arms: (1) inhaled isopropyl alcohol plus oral ondansetron; (2) inhaled isopropyl alcohol plus oral placebo; (3) inhaled placebo plus oral ondansetron. No subject will receive both inhaled and oral placebo; all subjects will be allocated to at least one therapeutic intervention for nausea. Both investigators and study subjects will be blinded to subject allocation.

Regarding the interventions, upon recruitment, patients will be administered an oral solution (placebo or ondansetron) by their treating nurse. A study team member will then instruct the subject to inhale one of the blinded prep pads, to hold the pad approximately 1 centimeter from their nares, and to take deep nasal inhalations as needed for nausea relief. The investigator will remain at arm's length from the patient at all times to avoid detecting prep pad scent. Additionally, investigators will also instruct subjects to avoid any behavior or actions during the study that would indicate which preparation pad is being used.

The investigators will record their findings on data collection forms. The primary outcome will be nausea as measured on a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) at 30 minutes. Nausea measurements will also be collected at 10, 20, 40, 50, and 60 minutes, and then every hour up to 5 hours, then at disposition at which time the patient will provide one final nausea VAS score. The study team member will not be present in the patient's room during the intervals between these evaluations. At the time of each nausea measurement, patients will be offered another preparation pad (up to ten pads). Investigators will notify the patient's treating provider to prompt consideration for treatment with a rescue anti-emetic (such as metoclopramide or promethazine) if the patient vomits or if the patient requests an anti-emetic at any time. At the time of each nausea measurement, a pain score will also be measured on a 10 cm VAS. At the time of final disposition, the patient will provide a satisfaction score on a 10-cm VAS and be asked to indicate his/her belief as to whether the pad was a treatment or placebo and whether the oral solution was a treatment or placebo. Similarly, at study conclusion the patient's provider will be asked to indicate his/her belief as to whether the pad was a treatment or placebo and whether the oral solution was a treatment or placebo. Other data collected will include times and doses for all medications (including preparation pads) and fluids administered, episodes of vomiting (defined as forceful expulsion of gastric contents separated by at least 2 minutes), disposition (admission versus discharge), final clinical impression at the time of disposition, and time to disposition. Subjects will be followed and data collected for the entirety of their ED stay.

Conditions

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Nausea

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators

Study Groups

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Inhaled ISO + oral ondansetron

Inhaled isopropyl alcohol pads as needed for nausea (up to q30 minutes) and drink oral elixir comprising ondansetron (4 mg).

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Inhaled isopropyl alcohol

Intervention Type DRUG

Patients will inhale from isopropyl alcohol pads as needed for nausea up to q30 minutes.

Oral ondansetron

Intervention Type DRUG

Patients will drink elixir containing 4 mg ondansetron in 5 ml of solution. National Drug Code (NDC) 0054-0064-47.

Inhaled ISO + oral placebo

Inhaled isopropyl alcohol pads as needed for nausea (up to q30 minutes) and drink oral placebo elixir.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Inhaled isopropyl alcohol

Intervention Type DRUG

Patients will inhale from isopropyl alcohol pads as needed for nausea up to q30 minutes.

Oral placebo

Intervention Type DRUG

Subjects will drink solution comprised of 0.25 ml of Oral Sweet Sugar Free NDC 0574-0302-16 with 4.75 ml of sterile water for dilution NDC 0264-2101-00

Inhaled placebo + oral ondansetron

Inhaled normal saline pads as needed for nausea (up to q30 minutes) and drink oral placebo elixir.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Oral ondansetron

Intervention Type DRUG

Patients will drink elixir containing 4 mg ondansetron in 5 ml of solution. National Drug Code (NDC) 0054-0064-47.

Inhaled normal saline

Intervention Type DRUG

Patients will inhale from normal saline pads as needed for nausea up to q30 minutes.

Interventions

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Inhaled isopropyl alcohol

Patients will inhale from isopropyl alcohol pads as needed for nausea up to q30 minutes.

Intervention Type DRUG

Oral ondansetron

Patients will drink elixir containing 4 mg ondansetron in 5 ml of solution. National Drug Code (NDC) 0054-0064-47.

Intervention Type DRUG

Inhaled normal saline

Patients will inhale from normal saline pads as needed for nausea up to q30 minutes.

Intervention Type DRUG

Oral placebo

Subjects will drink solution comprised of 0.25 ml of Oral Sweet Sugar Free NDC 0574-0302-16 with 4.75 ml of sterile water for dilution NDC 0264-2101-00

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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ISO Ondansetron Inhaled placebo Oral sugar water

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* ages 18 and older
* complaint of nausea and/or vomiting reported at 3 or above on verbal numerical rating scale at the time of triage

Exclusion Criteria

* allergy to isopropyl alcohol or ondansetron
* inability to breathe through nose (e.g., recent upper respiratory infection)
* intake of cefoperazone, disulfiram, or metronidazole within the last 24 hours
* mental status precluding informed consent including intoxication
* known QT-prolongation
* clinical suspicion for serotonin syndrome
* intravenous catheter in place prior to study start
* medications administered since patient arrival (e.g., in triage)

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No