Use of Binaural Beat Premedication in Elderly Submitted to Major Orthopedic Surgery

NCT ID: NCT02712749

Last Updated: 2019-04-01

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

40 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-09-01

Study Completion Date

2019-03-28

Brief Summary

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The Investigators verify the effectiveness of "Binaural Beats" as premedication instrument in elderly patients submitted to orthopedic surgery to reduce anxiety , post operative pain and morphine consumption

Detailed Description

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Need for surgery is increasing among elderly population, for increase in average life expectancy and for improved in surgical and anesthetic techniques.

A big problem in this kind of patients is the high incidence of delirium and cognitive impairment in post-operative period , which increase with age, depending on the type of intervention (especially Orthopaedics and Cardiac Surgery) and the administration of some agents, particularly sedatives and opioids .

Premedication is usually carried using anxiolytic and / or narcotic drugs in order to reduce anxiety and discomfort related to the intervention and anesthesia. The preoperative anxiety in fact increases the demand for intra and post operative anesthetics and analgesics and contribute to increase the post operative pain. For this reason the use of a pharmacological premedication is controversial in elderly patient, for the risk of side effects of drugs on one side, and for the other to the discomfort resulting from the increased level of anxiety in absence of premedication. .

Some recent surgical guidelines warn against premedication drug in patients over sixty-five, considering that occurrence of delirium and cognitive impairment may worsen the prognosis, limiting the use of such drugs to what is strictly necessary and only in the immediacy of the surgical act.

To reduce perioperative pain and anxiety , some authors used "Binaural Beats". This simple technique , described for the first time since by Gerald Oster , include the presentation of two acoustic stimuli with similar frequencies through the two channels of stereo headphones. The interference of their waves which occurs at the level of the central nervous system, produces a composite signal with a frequency resulting from the difference of the two original frequencies. For example if you give an acoustic stimulus of 100 Hz to an ear and simultaneously administering another acoustic stimulation of 104 Hz to the opposite ,ear the person who listens to these stimuli will perceive a "Binaural Beat" of 4 Hz caused by the difference between the two frequencies. These Binaural Beats are of interest because they have been thought to cause hemispheric synchronization and influence the EEG frequency like light stimulation .

Binaural Beats have already been used in humans undergoing outpatient surgery in uro-gynecological and have been shown to help increase patient comfort by reducing the state of anxiety and pain without interfering negatively with postoperative functional recovery .

In this study, we applied BBs as premedication in elderly patients who underwent major orthopaedic surgery aimed to reduce anxiety , postoperative pain and morphine consumption.

Feeling/level of anxiety is evaluated using STAI Y1 . This scale is a psychological inventory that consists of 20 questions on a self-report of anxiety about an event.

Feeling/level of pain is evaluated with the use of Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) .It consist to asking the patients to report her/his feeling of pain using an eleven-point scale : 0 = no pain, 10 most severe imaginable pain.

Cumulative morphine consumpion is evaluated through PCA registration. Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) is an electronic device that allows a patients to activate intravenous administration of morphine to themselves during the post-operative period. Each request and drug administration is automatically recorded by the device.

Conditions

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Anxiety Postoperative Pain Morphine Consumption

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Group A : Sound with Binaural Beats

Acoustic frequencies of 256 Hz in one ear and 260 Hz in the opposite ear producing a binaural beat of 4 Hz through generated by the software "Gnaural" in stereo option

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sound with Binaural Beats

Intervention Type DEVICE

Acoustic frequencies of 256 Hz in one ear and 260 Hz in the opposite ear producing a binaural beat of 4 Hz generated by the special program Gnaural in stereo option

Group B : Sound without Binaural Beats

Acoustic frequencies of 256 Hz in both ears to perceive one tone without beats generated by the software "Gnaural" in mono option

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Sound without Binaural Beats

Intervention Type DEVICE

Acoustic frequencies of 256 Hz in both ears to perceive one tone without beats generated by the program Gnaural in mono option

Interventions

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Sound with Binaural Beats

Acoustic frequencies of 256 Hz in one ear and 260 Hz in the opposite ear producing a binaural beat of 4 Hz generated by the special program Gnaural in stereo option

Intervention Type DEVICE

Sound without Binaural Beats

Acoustic frequencies of 256 Hz in both ears to perceive one tone without beats generated by the program Gnaural in mono option

Intervention Type DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Subjects over 65 years aged candidated to elective major orthopedic surgery
* Stable hemodynamic and clinical conditions (ASA 1/2, Goldman Desky Class 1)
* Absence of cognitive impairment (MMSE greater than 24)
* Valid consent expression to the study participation
* No history of epilepsy and other chronic neurological diseases that may interfere with the study procedures.
* Good collaboration in activities provided by the study
* No abnormalities at audiometric testing for the frequencies between 256 and 260 Hz.

* Denial of informed consent to participate in the study
* Presence of cognitive impairment (MMSE less than or equal to 24)
* Presence of neurological diseases or neurological damage that interfere with the study procedures.

Exclusion Criteria

* Insufficient level of cooperation or hearing loss
* Contraindications to the use of binaural beats (a history of epilepsy)
* Treatment with anti-anxiety drugs or major tranquillizers
Minimum Eligible Age

65 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

90 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Alessandro Tani

Medical Doctor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Alessandro Tani, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Usl Area Vasta Nord Ovest

Locations

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Santa Maria Maddalena Hospital

Volterra, Pisa, Italy

Site Status

Countries

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Italy

References

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Deiner S, Silverstein JH. Postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Dec;103 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i41-46. doi: 10.1093/bja/aep291.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20007989 (View on PubMed)

Kain ZN, Sevarino F, Alexander GM, Pincus S, Mayes LC. Preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain in women undergoing hysterectomy. A repeated-measures design. J Psychosom Res. 2000 Dec;49(6):417-22. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00189-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11182434 (View on PubMed)

Ozalp G, Sarioglu R, Tuncel G, Aslan K, Kadiogullari N. Preoperative emotional states in patients with breast cancer and postoperative pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2003 Jan;47(1):26-9. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2003.470105.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12492793 (View on PubMed)

Padmanabhan R, Hildreth AJ, Laws D. A prospective, randomised, controlled study examining binaural beat audio and pre-operative anxiety in patients undergoing general anaesthesia for day case surgery. Anaesthesia. 2005 Sep;60(9):874-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04287.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16115248 (View on PubMed)

Kliempt P, Ruta D, Ogston S, Landeck A, Martay K. Hemispheric-synchronisation during anaesthesia: a double-blind randomised trial using audiotapes for intra-operative nociception control. Anaesthesia. 1999 Aug;54(8):769-73. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00958.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10460529 (View on PubMed)

Dabu-Bondoc S, Vadivelu N, Benson J, Perret D, Kain ZN. Hemispheric synchronized sounds and perioperative analgesic requirements. Anesth Analg. 2010 Jan 1;110(1):208-10. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181bea424. Epub 2009 Oct 27.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19861358 (View on PubMed)

Goodin P, Ciorciari J, Baker K, Carey AM, Harper M, Kaufman J. A high-density EEG investigation into steady state binaural beat stimulation. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34789. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034789. Epub 2012 Apr 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22496862 (View on PubMed)

Le Scouarnec RP, Poirier RM, Owens JE, Gauthier J, Taylor AG, Foresman PA. Use of binaural beat tapes for treatment of anxiety: a pilot study of tape preference and outcomes. Altern Ther Health Med. 2001 Jan;7(1):58-63.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11191043 (View on PubMed)

Schmidt WD, O'Connor PJ, Cochrane JB, Cantwell M. Resting metabolic rate is influenced by anxiety in college men. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Feb;80(2):638-42. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.80.2.638.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8929609 (View on PubMed)

Millar K, Jelicic M, Bonke B, Asbury AJ. Assessment of preoperative anxiety: comparison of measures in patients awaiting surgery for breast cancer. Br J Anaesth. 1995 Feb;74(2):180-3. doi: 10.1093/bja/74.2.180.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7696068 (View on PubMed)

Dolin SJ, Cashman JN, Bland JM. Effectiveness of acute postoperative pain management: I. Evidence from published data. Br J Anaesth. 2002 Sep;89(3):409-23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12402719 (View on PubMed)

Hollenberg SM. Preoperative cardiac risk assessment. Chest. 1999 May;115(5 Suppl):51S-57S. doi: 10.1378/chest.115.suppl_2.51s.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10331334 (View on PubMed)

Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975 Nov;12(3):189-98. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 1202204 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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http://gnaural.sourceforge.net/

gnaural software generating binaural beat

Other Identifiers

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IDE

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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