Different Doses of Sevoflurane During Induction of Anesthesia on Emergence Delirium in Children
NCT ID: NCT02707016
Last Updated: 2016-03-11
Study Results
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Basic Information
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UNKNOWN
NA
80 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2015-12-31
2016-12-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Emergence delirium (ED) is frequent in children. It is defined as a mental disorder during recovery from general anesthesia that may include hallucinations, delusions and confusion expressed by crying, restlessness and involuntary physical activity. It usually lasts for 30 minutes and is not necessarily related to pain. During this episodes, children can hurt themselves or others, lose vascular catheters or other invasive devices. ED can generate anxiety and stress in caretakers, delay transfer from Post-Anesthesia Care Units (PACU), increase costs of medical attention and increase use of opioids or other sedatives.
Many interventions have been used to decrease the appearance of ED such as dexmedetomidine, clonidine, benzodiazepines, propofol among others but with no consistent results. The use of sevoflurane has been linked with ED in children and it can induce seizures in high doses (over 2 MAC).
The aim of this study is to test whether using a lower dose of sevoflurane (5%) during induction of anesthesia in children results in less ED than using higher doses (8%).
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
TRIPLE
Study Groups
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High dose sevoflurane
Inhaled sevoflurane 8% during induction of general anesthesia (from the start of gas administration to the insertion of a laryngeal mask).
After laryngeal mask insertion, sevoflurane will be reduced to 4%. Caudal block with L-bupivacaine 0.25% will be performed in all children.
After caudal block, sevoflurane will be reduced to 0.75 MAC according to age of the child and maintained until the end of surgery After surgery, PAED and pain scales will be administered every 15 minutes up to 2 hours after surgery.
Sevoflurane 8%
Sevoflurane 8% (high dose) during anesthesia induction
Low dose sevoflurane
Inhaled sevoflurane 5% during induction of general anesthesia (from the start of gas administration to the insertion of a laryngeal mask).
After laryngeal mask insertion, sevoflurane will be reduced to 4%. Caudal block with L-bupivacaine 0.25% will be performed in all children.
After caudal block, sevoflurane will be reduced to 0.75 MAC according to age of the child and maintained until the end of surgery After surgery, PAED and pain scales will be administered every 15 minutes up to 2 hours after surgery.
Sevoflurane 5%
Sevoflurane 5% (low dose) during anesthesia induction
Interventions
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Sevoflurane 8%
Sevoflurane 8% (high dose) during anesthesia induction
Sevoflurane 5%
Sevoflurane 5% (low dose) during anesthesia induction
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of I or II
Exclusion Criteria
* Familiar or personal history of Malignant Hyperthermia
* Contraindication to caudal block
* Parents or legal guardians do not sign informed consent
2 Years
7 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Nicolas Aeschlimann, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Assistant Professor
Locations
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División de Anestesia - Facultad de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica
Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan, Chile
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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References
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Bajwa SA, Costi D, Cyna AM. A comparison of emergence delirium scales following general anesthesia in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2010 Aug;20(8):704-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03328.x.
Li X, Xia Q, Li W. Comparison of the effects of dezocine, fentanyl, and placebo on emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Mar;53(3):241-6. doi: 10.5414/CP202184.
Oofuvong M, Siripruekpong S, Naklongdee J, Hnookong R, Lakateb C. Comparison the incidence of emergence agitation between sevoflurane and desflurane after pediatric ambulatory urologic surgery. J Med Assoc Thai. 2013 Nov;96(11):1470-5.
Sikich N, Lerman J. Development and psychometric evaluation of the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale. Anesthesiology. 2004 May;100(5):1138-45. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200405000-00015.
Ozcan A, Kaya AG, Ozcan N, Karaaslan GM, Er E, Baltaci B, Basar H. [Effects of ketamine and midazolam on emergence agitation after sevoflurane anaesthesia in children receiving caudal block: a randomized trial]. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2014 Nov-Dec;64(6):377-81. doi: 10.1016/j.bjan.2014.01.004. Epub 2014 Aug 29. Portuguese.
Saxena A, Sethi A, Agarwal V, Godwin RB. Effect of caudal clonidine on emergence agitation and postoperative analgesia after sevoflurane anaesthesia in children: Randomised comparison of two doses. Indian J Anaesth. 2014 Nov-Dec;58(6):719-25. doi: 10.4103/0019-5049.147163.
Abdel-Ma'boud MA. Effect of dexemeditomedine and propofol on the prevention of emergence agitation following sevoflurane anesthesia in Egyptian children. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2014 Dec;44(3):687-94. doi: 10.12816/0007872.
Zhang C, Hu J, Liu X, Yan J. Effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation in children under sevoflurane anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 16;9(6):e99718. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099718. eCollection 2014.
Costi D, Cyna AM, Ahmed S, Stephens K, Strickland P, Ellwood J, Larsson JN, Chooi C, Burgoyne LL, Middleton P. Effects of sevoflurane versus other general anaesthesia on emergence agitation in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Sep 12;2014(9):CD007084. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007084.pub2.
Dahmani S, Delivet H, Hilly J. Emergence delirium in children: an update. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2014 Jun;27(3):309-15. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000076.
Gibert S, Sabourdin N, Louvet N, Moutard ML, Piat V, Guye ML, Rigouzzo A, Constant I. Epileptogenic effect of sevoflurane: determination of the minimal alveolar concentration of sevoflurane associated with major epileptoid signs in children. Anesthesiology. 2012 Dec;117(6):1253-61. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318273e272.
Schultz B, Otto C, Schultz A, Osthaus WA, Krauss T, Dieck T, Sander B, Rahe-Meyer N, Raymondos K. Incidence of epileptiform EEG activity in children during mask induction of anaesthesia with brief administration of 8% sevoflurane. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40903. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040903. Epub 2012 Jul 19.
Kreuzer I, Osthaus WA, Schultz A, Schultz B. Influence of the sevoflurane concentration on the occurrence of epileptiform EEG patterns. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 26;9(2):e89191. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089191. eCollection 2014.
Pilge S, Jordan D, Kochs EF, Schneider G. Sevoflurane-induced epileptiform electroencephalographic activity and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in a volunteer study. Anesthesiology. 2013 Aug;119(2):447. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31827335b9. No abstract available.
Julliac B, Cotillon P, Guehl D, Richez B, Sztark F. Target-controlled induction with 2.5% sevoflurane does not avoid the risk of electroencephalographic abnormalities. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2013 Oct;32(10):e143-8. doi: 10.1016/j.annfar.2013.07.812. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
Hadi SM, Saleh AJ, Tang YZ, Daoud A, Mei X, Ouyang W. The effect of KETODEX on the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy using sevoflurane based-anesthesia. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 May;79(5):671-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.02.012. Epub 2015 Feb 19.
Adachi M, Ikemoto Y, Kubo K, Takuma C. Seizure-like movements during induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane. Br J Anaesth. 1992 Feb;68(2):214-5. doi: 10.1093/bja/68.2.214.
Vakkuri A, Yli-Hankala A, Sarkela M, Lindgren L, Mennander S, Korttila K, Saarnivaara L, Jantti V. Sevoflurane mask induction of anaesthesia is associated with epileptiform EEG in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001 Aug;45(7):805-11. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045007805.x.
Yli-Hankala A, Vakkuri A, Sarkela M, Lindgren L, Korttila K, Jantti V. Epileptiform electroencephalogram during mask induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane. Anesthesiology. 1999 Dec;91(6):1596-603. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199912000-00009.
Vakkuri A, Jantti V, Sarkela M, Lindgren L, Korttila K, Yli-Hankala A. Epileptiform EEG during sevoflurane mask induction: effect of delaying the onset of hyperventilation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2000 Jul;44(6):713-9. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440609.x.
Voepel-Lewis T, Malviya S, Tait AR. A prospective cohort study of emergence agitation in the pediatric postanesthesia care unit. Anesth Analg. 2003 Jun;96(6):1625-1630. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000062522.21048.61.
Aouad MT, Kanazi GE, Siddik-Sayyid SM, Gerges FJ, Rizk LB, Baraka AS. Preoperative caudal block prevents emergence agitation in children following sevoflurane anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2005 Mar;49(3):300-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00642.x.
Welborn LG, Hannallah RS, Norden JM, Ruttimann UE, Callan CM. Comparison of emergence and recovery characteristics of sevoflurane, desflurane, and halothane in pediatric ambulatory patients. Anesth Analg. 1996 Nov;83(5):917-20. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199611000-00005.
Other Identifiers
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15-153
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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