Study of a Lumen- Apposing, Covered, Self-Expanding Metal Stent (Axios™) Versus Multiple Double Pigtail Stents

NCT ID: NCT02673541

Last Updated: 2020-04-06

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

5 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2016-02-29

Study Completion Date

2017-12-18

Brief Summary

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The present study aims to compare the clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of the AXIOS™ stent versus the "conventional" approach using double pigtail plastic stents in the treatment of patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis.

Detailed Description

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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is responsible for nearly a quarter million hospital admissions annually and will affect around 40 per 100,000 persons per year (1). The majority of patients experience a clinically mild course; however, as many as one in five patients develop a severe illness associated with a high mortality (2). In early phases of the disease, there is an acute inflammatory process that may involve necrosis of the pancreatic or peri-pancreatic tissues (3). There are also delayed complications that may develop locally, usually over a period of weeks, which include the formation of walled-off fluid collections. These are sometimes composed of simple fluid and termed pseudocysts, while in other cases they represent organization and encapsulation of sterile or infected necrosis and are termed walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) (4). The indication to drain or debride these collections usually depends upon on a number of factors, but principally on whether they are symptomatic, infected, or responsible for other local or systemic complications.

The contemporary management strategy for walled-off pancreatic fluid collections has shifted in recent years. Surgery, and even percutaneous catheter drainage, should no longer be considered the initial mainstay of therapy in place of endoscopic drainage for simple pseudocysts (5) (6). In addition there is good evidence to support an endoscopic approach for patients with infected necrosis (7). There are now numerous publications reporting the success of direct endoscopic transmural drainage or necrosectomy (ETD/N) for a variety of indications including infected and sterile walled-off collections (8).

The issue that now deserves attention is a matter of selecting the best technique to accomplish ETD/N. The current process involves first creating a cystenterostomy to gain access to the walled-off collection, dilating the tract, and then inserting a drainage device. However, there are a variety of available devices and methods in use for drainage, and to our knowledge, none to date have been directly compared in a randomized controlled trial.

The conventional approach involves inserting either a pair or more of plastic double pigtail stents or a self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) through a cystenterostomy: both approaches have limitations, and may require multiple endoscopic sessions before definitive resolution (9). One, the pigtail stents have a narrow lumen (7F-10F) and often migrate or become occluded (10). Two, the SEMS also have a tendency occlude, cause local trauma with bleeding and infection, and migrate, which has led some to also use double pigtails to help anchor the SEMS in place (11) (12).

These challenges have led to the innovation of large caliber covered stents with flanges on either end to facilitate apposition of the cyst wall and enteral tissues, preventing migration, and allowing for necrosectomy through their wide lumen. To our knowledge there are at least two designs in production; the AXIOS™ stent and the Nagi stent (13) (14). There is now a fair amount of experience, particularly using the AXIOS™ stent (with or without a novel NAVIX access system) for both WOPN and pseudocysts, with the majority of reports showing it to be safe and effective (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20). The device has also been successfully used for novel indications including access and drainage of the gallbladder and an intrathoracic fluid collection (21) (22) (23). The AXIOS™ stent is FDA approved for the indication of draining walled off pancreatic necrosis.

The present study aims to compare the clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of the AXIOS™ stent versus the "conventional" approach using double pigtail plastic stents in the treatment of patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis.

Conditions

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Pancreatic Necrosis

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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AXIOS™ stent

1\. Arm 1 will undergo EUS-guided cystogastrostomy/enterostomy and placement of the AXIOS™ stent 10-15mm (saddled diameter; choice at the discretion of the treating gastroenterologist) though the tract into the collection cavity, and correct positioning of the inner flange confirmed by EUS prior to deploying within the stomach or duodenum. Necrosectomy will be performed at the discretion of the attending gastroenterologist. Repeat endoscopy will be performed for stent removal at or before 60 days at the discretion of the attending gastroenterologist

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

AXIOS™ stent

Intervention Type DEVICE

Arm 1 will undergo EUS-guided cystogastrostomy/enterostomy and placement of the AXIOS™ stent 10-15mm (saddled diameter; choice at the discretion of the treating gastroenterologist) though the tract into the collection cavity, and correct positioning of the inner flange confirmed by EUS prior to deploying within the stomach or duodenum.

double pigtail stents

2\. Arm 2 will undergo EUS-guided cystogastrostomy/enterostomy and placement of multiple double pigtail stents (i.e. ≥2) through the tract into the collection cavity. Necrosectomy will be performed at the discretion of the attending gastroenterologist. Routine repeat treating gastroenterologist for stent removal will not be necessary, but left to the discretion of the attending gastroenterologist.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Double Pigtail Stents

Intervention Type DEVICE

Arm 2 will undergo EUS-guided cystogastrostomy/enterostomy and placement of multiple double pigtail stents (i.e. ≥2) through the tract into the collection cavity.

Interventions

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AXIOS™ stent

Arm 1 will undergo EUS-guided cystogastrostomy/enterostomy and placement of the AXIOS™ stent 10-15mm (saddled diameter; choice at the discretion of the treating gastroenterologist) though the tract into the collection cavity, and correct positioning of the inner flange confirmed by EUS prior to deploying within the stomach or duodenum.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Double Pigtail Stents

Arm 2 will undergo EUS-guided cystogastrostomy/enterostomy and placement of multiple double pigtail stents (i.e. ≥2) through the tract into the collection cavity.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Male or female between 18-80 years old (including patients aged 18 and 80)
2. Subjects capable of giving informed consent
3. Patients carrying the diagnosis or symptomatic sterile or infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) based upon Atlanta Classification (4) ≥ 4cm in largest diameter, deemed to require and amenable to endoscopic transmural drainage with or without necrosectomy by attending gastroenterologist
4. Fluid collection size ≥ 4cm in largest diameter (based on CT, MRI, transabdominal or endoscopic ultrasound within 30days)
5. Fluid collection that is adherent to the stomach/bowel wall allowing for fistula tract creation
6. Fluid collection containing significant amount of necrotic material (defined as \>30% of echogenic material by ultrasound/EUS, or necrotic debris by CT/MRI)

Exclusion Criteria

1. Inability to provide written informed consent
2. Contraindications to endoscopic treatment as determined by the gastroenterologist attending
3. Pregnant or nursing mothers
4. Bleeding or coagulation disorder
5. Previous surgical or endoscopic cystogastrostomy/enterostomy or necrosectomy
6. Shock
7. Cystic neoplasms or pancreatic malignancy
8. Pseudocysts
9. Subjects cannot be homeless or incarcerated
10. Age younger than 18 or older than 80
11. More than one pancreatic/peri-pancreatic fluid collection
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

80 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Timothy Gardner

Associate Professor of Medicine

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Timothy Gardner, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center

Locations

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Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center

Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23622135 (View on PubMed)

Whitcomb DC. Clinical practice. Acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2006 May 18;354(20):2142-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp054958. No abstract available.

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Acevedo-Piedra NG, Moya-Hoyo N, Rey-Riveiro M, Gil S, Sempere L, Martinez J, Lluis F, Sanchez-Paya J, de-Madaria E. Validation of the determinant-based classification and revision of the Atlanta classification systems for acute pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Feb;12(2):311-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.07.042. Epub 2013 Aug 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23958561 (View on PubMed)

Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, Gooszen HG, Johnson CD, Sarr MG, Tsiotos GG, Vege SS; Acute Pancreatitis Classification Working Group. Classification of acute pancreatitis--2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut. 2013 Jan;62(1):102-11. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302779. Epub 2012 Oct 25.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23100216 (View on PubMed)

Varadarajulu S, Bang JY, Sutton BS, Trevino JM, Christein JD, Wilcox CM. Equal efficacy of endoscopic and surgical cystogastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst drainage in a randomized trial. Gastroenterology. 2013 Sep;145(3):583-90.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.05.046. Epub 2013 May 31.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23732774 (View on PubMed)

Johnson MD, Walsh RM, Henderson JM, Brown N, Ponsky J, Dumot J, Zuccaro G, Vargo J. Surgical versus nonsurgical management of pancreatic pseudocysts. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2009 Jul;43(6):586-90. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e31817440be.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19077728 (View on PubMed)

Bakker OJ, van Santvoort HC, van Brunschot S, Geskus RB, Besselink MG, Bollen TL, van Eijck CH, Fockens P, Hazebroek EJ, Nijmeijer RM, Poley JW, van Ramshorst B, Vleggaar FP, Boermeester MA, Gooszen HG, Weusten BL, Timmer R; Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group. Endoscopic transgastric vs surgical necrosectomy for infected necrotizing pancreatitis: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2012 Mar 14;307(10):1053-61. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.276.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22416101 (View on PubMed)

Haghshenasskashani A, Laurence JM, Kwan V, Johnston E, Hollands MJ, Richardson AJ, Pleass HC, Lam VW. Endoscopic necrosectomy of pancreatic necrosis: a systematic review. Surg Endosc. 2011 Dec;25(12):3724-30. doi: 10.1007/s00464-011-1795-x. Epub 2011 Jun 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21656324 (View on PubMed)

Talreja JP, Shami VM, Ku J, Morris TD, Ellen K, Kahaleh M. Transenteric drainage of pancreatic-fluid collections with fully covered self-expanding metallic stents (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2008 Dec;68(6):1199-203. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.06.015.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19028232 (View on PubMed)

Wrobel PS, Kaplan J, Siddiqui AA. A new lumen-apposing metal stent for endoscopic transluminal drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections. Endosc Ultrasound. 2014 Oct;3(4):203-4. doi: 10.4103/2303-9027.144508. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25485266 (View on PubMed)

Paradigm shift away from open surgical necrosectomy toward endoscopic interventions for necrotizing pancreatitis. Jae Hee Cho, Yoon Jae Kim, and Yeon Suk Kim. s.l. : Gastrointestinal Intervention 2014; 3(2): 84-88.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Chaves DM, Monkemuller K, Carneiro F, Medrado B, Dos Santos M, Wodak S, Reimao S, Sakai P, de Moura E. Endoscopic treatment of large pancreatic fluid collections (PFC) using self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) - a two-center experience. Endosc Int Open. 2014 Dec;2(4):E224-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1390796. Epub 2014 Oct 29.

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PMID: 26135097 (View on PubMed)

Yamamoto N, Isayama H, Kawakami H, Sasahira N, Hamada T, Ito Y, Takahara N, Uchino R, Miyabayashi K, Mizuno S, Kogure H, Sasaki T, Nakai Y, Kuwatani M, Hirano K, Tada M, Koike K. Preliminary report on a new, fully covered, metal stent designed for the treatment of pancreatic fluid collections. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013 May;77(5):809-14. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2013.01.009. Epub 2013 Feb 26.

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Shah RJ, Shah JN, Waxman I, Kowalski TE, Sanchez-Yague A, Nieto J, Brauer BC, Gaidhane M, Kahaleh M. Safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections with lumen-apposing covered self-expanding metal stents. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Apr;13(4):747-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.09.047. Epub 2014 Oct 5.

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Gornals JB, De la Serna-Higuera C, Sanchez-Yague A, Loras C, Sanchez-Cantos AM, Perez-Miranda M. Endosonography-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections with a novel lumen-apposing stent. Surg Endosc. 2013 Apr;27(4):1428-34. doi: 10.1007/s00464-012-2591-y. Epub 2012 Dec 12.

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141 EUS-Guided Drainage of Pancreatic Pseudocysts (PP) Utilizing a Novel Anchoring, Covered Self-Expanding Metal Stent (Acsems): Results From a Prospective, Multi-Center Study. Shah, Raj J. et al. s.l. : Gastrointestinal Endoscopy , Volume 77 , Issue 5 , AB128 .

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Gornals JB, Parra C, Pelaez N, Secanella L, Ornaque I. Double endosonography-guided transgastric and transduodenal drainage of infected pancreatic-fluid collections using metallic stents. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2013 Mar;105(3):163-5. doi: 10.4321/s1130-01082013000300007. No abstract available.

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Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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D16030

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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