Paracervical Block for Pain Control With Osmotic Dilator Placement

NCT ID: NCT02354092

Last Updated: 2019-06-11

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

14 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2015-04-02

Study Completion Date

2015-08-25

Brief Summary

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Cervical dilators are frequently used for preparation prior to second trimester surgical abortion. While their use decreases complications associated with surgical abortion, their placement is often uncomfortable for the patient. Currently there are no proven methods for reducing pain during osmotic dilator placement. The use of numbing medication around the cervix (paracervical block) may decrease this placement pain.

Detailed Description

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It is estimated that 1.21 million abortions were performed in 2008. Of these, approximately 11% occurred in the second trimester and 1.4% occurred after 21 weeks gestation. In the United States, dilation and evacuation (D\&E) is the most common method of terminating a second trimester pregnancy with greater than 98% of second trimester abortions occurring by D\&E.

Pre-procedure cervical preparation decreases the incidence of complications associated with D\&E. Cervical dilators are often used prior to second trimester D\&Es to aid in softening and dilating the cervix. Typically, dilator placement occurs the day of the D\&E or 1-2 days prior and oftentimes occurs in an outpatient clinic setting without anesthesia readily available. Many women experience moderate to severe discomfort with osmotic dilator insertion. Providers use various methods to minimize this discomfort including paracervical block (PCB), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), anxiolytics and narcotics. In particular, PCB and NSAIDs are readily available in the clinic setting and can be used for this purpose. There is, however, no data to support their efficacy in ameliorating the pain of dilator insertion.

Paracervical blocks are used commonly to decrease pain in abortion procedures and other gynecological procedures. The PCB is thought to work primarily by blocking pain conduction via Frankenhauser's plexus. As such, their effect may be most important in relieving the pain associated with cervical dilation. In a recent randomized control trial, PCB prior to first trimester surgical abortion was found to significantly reduce pain with cervical dilation and uterine aspiration. Since osmotic dilator placement primarily involves cervical manipulation and dilation, PCB may provide some pain relief over placebo. The research team proposes a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a PCB in decreasing pain associated with osmotic dilator placement. This trial will also provide information about the degree of pain that women experience during osmotic dilator placement; information not previously known.

Conditions

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Abortion Late Pain

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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Sham Group

This non-intervention group will receive the sham paracervical block. This intervention will include

* Preprocedural pain control: 800 mg Ibuprofen prior to dilator placement
* Local anesthetic for tenaculum placement
* Sham Paracervical Block done with capped spinal needle
* osmotic dilators placed in the usual fashion
* postprocedural assessment

Group Type SHAM_COMPARATOR

Local anesthetic for tenaculum placement

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

2 mL of buffered Lidocaine injected superficially at anterior lip of cervix in 12 o'clock position Drug: 1% Lidocaine Hydrochloride, 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate

Sham

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Over 60 seconds, without moving the tenaculum, a capped needle gently touches the vaginal sidewall at the level of the external os at 4 and 8 o'clock positions

Dilator Placement

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Osmotic dilators will be placed in the usual fashion with a combination of Dilapan-S and laminaria per clinician preference

Drugs:

Dilapan-S is a hygroscopic cervical dilator made of a patented hydrogel called AQUACRYL. It is a rigid hydrophilic stick that increases in volume by absorbing fluids and comfortably dilating the cervix.

Laminaria is an herbal medicine used to induce labor and abortion. The dried stem of Laminaria mechanically dilates the cervical opening by absorbing water and swelling to several times its original diameter.

Post-procedural assessment

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

15 minutes after procedure, subjects will complete a questionnaire that collects information about pain, negative symptoms, and assessment of how effective their pain management was.

Preprocedural pain control

Intervention Type DRUG

800 mg Ibuprofen taken before dilator placement

Paracervical Block Group

This intervention group will receive the paracervical block. This intervention will include

* Preprocedural pain control: 800 mg Ibuprofen prior to dilator placement
* Local anesthetic for tenaculum placement
* 18 ml 1% buffered lidocaine Paracervical Block
* osmotic dilators placed in the usual fashion
* postprocedural assessment

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Local anesthetic for tenaculum placement

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

2 mL of buffered Lidocaine injected superficially at anterior lip of cervix in 12 o'clock position Drug: 1% Lidocaine Hydrochloride, 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate

Paracervical Block

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

18 mL of buffered Lidocaine is slowly injected into the vaginal fornices and equally distributed at 4 and 8 o'clock. The injection is continuous from superficial to deep (3cm) to superficial (injecting with insertion and withdrawal) Drug: 1% Lidocaine Hydrochloride, 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate

Dilator Placement

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Osmotic dilators will be placed in the usual fashion with a combination of Dilapan-S and laminaria per clinician preference

Drugs:

Dilapan-S is a hygroscopic cervical dilator made of a patented hydrogel called AQUACRYL. It is a rigid hydrophilic stick that increases in volume by absorbing fluids and comfortably dilating the cervix.

Laminaria is an herbal medicine used to induce labor and abortion. The dried stem of Laminaria mechanically dilates the cervical opening by absorbing water and swelling to several times its original diameter.

Post-procedural assessment

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

15 minutes after procedure, subjects will complete a questionnaire that collects information about pain, negative symptoms, and assessment of how effective their pain management was.

Preprocedural pain control

Intervention Type DRUG

800 mg Ibuprofen taken before dilator placement

Interventions

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Local anesthetic for tenaculum placement

2 mL of buffered Lidocaine injected superficially at anterior lip of cervix in 12 o'clock position Drug: 1% Lidocaine Hydrochloride, 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Sham

Over 60 seconds, without moving the tenaculum, a capped needle gently touches the vaginal sidewall at the level of the external os at 4 and 8 o'clock positions

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Paracervical Block

18 mL of buffered Lidocaine is slowly injected into the vaginal fornices and equally distributed at 4 and 8 o'clock. The injection is continuous from superficial to deep (3cm) to superficial (injecting with insertion and withdrawal) Drug: 1% Lidocaine Hydrochloride, 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Dilator Placement

Osmotic dilators will be placed in the usual fashion with a combination of Dilapan-S and laminaria per clinician preference

Drugs:

Dilapan-S is a hygroscopic cervical dilator made of a patented hydrogel called AQUACRYL. It is a rigid hydrophilic stick that increases in volume by absorbing fluids and comfortably dilating the cervix.

Laminaria is an herbal medicine used to induce labor and abortion. The dried stem of Laminaria mechanically dilates the cervical opening by absorbing water and swelling to several times its original diameter.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Post-procedural assessment

15 minutes after procedure, subjects will complete a questionnaire that collects information about pain, negative symptoms, and assessment of how effective their pain management was.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Preprocedural pain control

800 mg Ibuprofen taken before dilator placement

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* voluntarily seeking surgical pregnancy termination
* gestational age on day of study 14w0d to 23w6d confirmed by pelvic ultrasound with a viable pregnancy (no fetal demise diagnosed)
* eligible for second trimester D\&E
* having osmotic dilators placed for cervical preparation the day prior to D\&E
* able and willing to give informed consent and agree to terms of the study
* able to speak and read English or Spanish

Exclusion Criteria

* took any prescription or illegal drugs 24 hours prior to the appointment
* drank alcohol 12 hours prior to the appointment
* took any over the counter pain medications 12 hours prior to the appointment other than the standard 800mg of Ibuprofen
* contraindications to osmotic dilators
* allergic reaction or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs or lidocaine
* untreated acute cervicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease
* weight \<100 pounds
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Planned Parenthood Federation of America

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of California, San Diego

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Lisa Bayer

Assistant Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Lisa Bayer, MD MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

UCSD Department of Reproductive Medicine

Sheila Mody, MD MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

UCSD Department of Reproductive Medicine

Kelly Culwell, MD MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Planned Parenthood of the Pacific Southwest

Locations

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Planned Parenthood of the Pacific Southwest: First Avenue Family Planning Michelle Wagner Center

San Diego, California, United States

Site Status

UCSD Medical Offices South: Women's Health Services

San Diego, California, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Glantz JC, Shomento S. Comparison of paracervical block techniques during first trimester pregnancy termination. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2001 Feb;72(2):171-8. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7292(00)00292-7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11166751 (View on PubMed)

Jensen MP, Chen C, Brugger AM. Interpretation of visual analog scale ratings and change scores: a reanalysis of two clinical trials of postoperative pain. J Pain. 2003 Sep;4(7):407-14. doi: 10.1016/s1526-5900(03)00716-8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14622683 (View on PubMed)

Jones RK, Zolna MR, Henshaw SK, Finer LB. Abortion in the United States: incidence and access to services, 2005. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2008 Mar;40(1):6-16. doi: 10.1363/4000608.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18318867 (View on PubMed)

Peterson WF, Berry FN, Grace MR, Gulbranson CL. Second-trimester abortion by dilatation and evacuation: an analysis of 11,747 cases. Obstet Gynecol. 1983 Aug;62(2):185-90.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 6866362 (View on PubMed)

Cansino C, Edelman A, Burke A, Jamshidi R. Paracervical block with combined ketorolac and lidocaine in first-trimester surgical abortion: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Dec;114(6):1220-1226. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c1a55b.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19935022 (View on PubMed)

Rowbotham MC. What is a "clinically meaningful" reduction in pain? Pain. 2001 Nov;94(2):131-132. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00371-2. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11690725 (View on PubMed)

Schulz KF, Grimes DA, Cates W Jr. Measures to prevent cervical injury during suction curettage abortion. Lancet. 1983 May 28;1(8335):1182-5. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)92464-9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 6133988 (View on PubMed)

Strauss LT, Gamble SB, Parker WY, Cook DA, Zane SB, Hamdan S; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Abortion surveillance--United States, 2003. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2006 Nov 24;55(11):1-32.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17119534 (View on PubMed)

Todd KH, Funk KG, Funk JP, Bonacci R. Clinical significance of reported changes in pain severity. Ann Emerg Med. 1996 Apr;27(4):485-9. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(96)70238-x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8604867 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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141593

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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