Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center/Legacy Pilot Study to Reduce Adverse Smoking Outcomes in the Context of Lung Cancer Screening

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

95 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2014-01-31

Study Completion Date

2016-08-31

Brief Summary

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In 2011, the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) reported that lung cancer mortality was reduced by 20% with spiral computed tomography (CT) compared to chest X-ray. It is estimated that 8 million people in the US are at high risk for lung cancer and that lung screening could prevent 12,000 deaths annually. Cost effectiveness models suggest that concurrent smoking cessation programs will be essential in order to realize the full benefit of screening. However, there are no clinical guidelines or evidence-based cessation protocols with demonstrated effectiveness in this setting. The investigators are addressing this gap by rigorously testing whether two scalable and pragmatic interventions can significantly boost intention to quit and cessation rates.

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Detailed Description

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Although abstinence from tobacco remains the best method of lung cancer prevention, recent evidence from the National Lung Screening Trial indicated that lung cancer mortality was reduced by 20% with spiral computed tomography (CT) compared to chest X-ray. As a result, the United States Preventive Services Task Force now recommends lung cancer screening for high risk individuals (long-term current and former smokers, 55-80 years old). It is estimated that 8 million people in the US are at high risk and that lung screening could prevent 12,000 deaths annually. Cost effectiveness models suggest that concurrent smoking cessation programs will be essential in order to realize the full benefit of screening. However, there are no clinical guidelines or evidence-based cessation protocols with demonstrated effectiveness in this setting. The investigators propose to address this gap by rigorously testing whether two scalable and pragmatic interventions (minimal and moderate in intensity) can significantly boost intention to quit and cessation rates. The investigators will capitalize on the critical 'teachable moment' of learning of one's screening result. Incorporation of an individual's screening result into a cessation intervention will test the innovative question of whether intention to quit can be enhanced and reduced intention to quit can be minimized, when an individualized, motivational telephone-based intervention is provided. Method: The investigators will accrue current smokers from the lung cancer screening programs at three sites: Georgetown University Hospital, Lahey Hospital, and Hackensack University Hospital. Prior to screening, 100 participants will be consented, enrolled, and will complete the baseline (T0) phone interview. Within 1-2 days of receiving the result, participants will be randomly assigned to Minimal Treatment (MT) vs. Telephone Counseling (TC). Both arms will receive the minimal treatment intervention (a list of print, online, quitline, and in-person cessation resources). The TC arm will receive 3-6 sessions of stepped-care, proactive, telephone counseling with the same Tobacco Treatment Specialist for both sites. Both arms will be assessed at 3-months post randomization for tobacco use outcomes. The specific aims are: 1) To conduct a two-arm randomized cessation intervention trial (MT vs. TC) with current smokers undergoing screening. 2) The investigators will explore moderators and mediators of the interventions' effect on cessation outcomes. Moderators include the screening result, race, gender, age, and nicotine dependence. Mediators include teachable moment factors, baseline intention to quit, and process measures. Summary: This proof of concept study will determine intervention feasibility, effect sizes needed for a larger study, and potential moderators and mediators of the intervention. The long-term goal is to evaluate the intervention in a multisite trial and ultimately, to disseminate it for use by lung cancer screening programs. The innovation of this proposal is in joining disease prevention (smoking cessation) with early detection in a medical setting that has relevance for a substantial proportion of current smokers, suggesting that even a small increase in cessation has the potential for a very large public health benefit.

Conditions

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Smoking Lung Cancer

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Telephone Counseling (TC)

The TC arm will receive the list of minimal treatment interventions plus 3-6 sessions of stepped-care, proactive, telephone counseling.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Telephone Counseling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The TC arm includes a stepped care approach, 3-6 phone sessions, depending on each participant's needs. Within 1-2 days post-T1 assessment, the intervention will begin. Sessions 1-3 (15 min each) will occur approximately weekly over 3-4 weeks, scheduled at participants' convenience and at strategic therapeutic times (e.g., shortly pre/post-quit date). Continuing smokers or newly quit former smokers who would benefit from relapse prevention sessions will receive up to 3 additional sessions, to be completed within 3-4 weeks. The provision of 3-6 sessions is more intensive than several other telephone counseling interventions. A dose response relationship between quitting and number of sessions has been shown in non-volunteer smokers, and based on our pilot data, the investigators expect that a more intensive intervention will be needed for some participants.

Minimal Treatment

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

A list of self-help materials (print-, web-, phone-based), the national telephone quitline phone number, and local in person cessation resources will be given to all participants.

Minimal Treatment

The minimal treatment intervention includes a list of print, online, national telephone quitline phone number, and in-person cessation resources that is sent to participants.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Minimal Treatment

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

A list of self-help materials (print-, web-, phone-based), the national telephone quitline phone number, and local in person cessation resources will be given to all participants.

Interventions

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Telephone Counseling

The TC arm includes a stepped care approach, 3-6 phone sessions, depending on each participant's needs. Within 1-2 days post-T1 assessment, the intervention will begin. Sessions 1-3 (15 min each) will occur approximately weekly over 3-4 weeks, scheduled at participants' convenience and at strategic therapeutic times (e.g., shortly pre/post-quit date). Continuing smokers or newly quit former smokers who would benefit from relapse prevention sessions will receive up to 3 additional sessions, to be completed within 3-4 weeks. The provision of 3-6 sessions is more intensive than several other telephone counseling interventions. A dose response relationship between quitting and number of sessions has been shown in non-volunteer smokers, and based on our pilot data, the investigators expect that a more intensive intervention will be needed for some participants.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Minimal Treatment

A list of self-help materials (print-, web-, phone-based), the national telephone quitline phone number, and local in person cessation resources will be given to all participants.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. 55-80 years old
2. current smoker
3. \> 30-pack years
4. English-speaking
5. ability to provide meaningful consent
6. enrolled to undergo lung cancer screening. -