The Safety and Effectiveness of Gatekeeper Training in First Nations Communities

NCT ID: NCT02118116

Last Updated: 2016-10-21

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: WITHDRAWN
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2014-06-30
• Study Completion Date: 2015-12-31

Brief Summary

Gatekeeper training is where people in the community are trained to recognize and identify those who are at risk for suicide and assist them in getting care. Gatekeeper training has been widely implemented around the world. There are two types of gatekeepers: 1) Designated gatekeepers - individuals who have been trained in helping professions (medicine, psychology, social work, nursing), and 2) Emergent gatekeepers - individuals who are not in caregiving roles (family members, police, teachers, clergy). Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) has been implemented in Manitoba. However, a recent randomized controlled trial in First Nations community members (emergent gatekeepers) from the Swampy Cree Tribal Council (Northwestern Manitoba) demonstrated that the training had no positive impact on self-reported gatekeeper skills or behavior. Also, compared to a resilience retreat, the ASIST training was associated with a slightly higher likelihood of reporting suicidal ideation. The demonstrated lack of efficacy and the possibility of adverse effects associated with this training program in this vulnerable group have raised concerns about the safety and efficacy of ASIST. There were several key limitations of the previous study. First, the study only recruited community members (emergent gatekeepers), therefore findings may not be generalizable to designated gatekeepers (clinicians, nurses, counselors). Second, the study had a small sample size (n=55) and may have not been large enough to detect small effects that are often associated with educational interventions. Finally, the increase in distress in the ASIST trained group may not have been directly related to the training. To overcome the above limitations, we aim to conduct a larger evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of gatekeeper training that is occurring in Manitoba First Nations, Inuit and Metis communities. Based on previous work that suggests designated gatekeepers are more likely to benefit from gatekeeper training than emergent gatekeepers, we will examine these groups separately.

Hypotheses: 1) ASIST will be associated with an increase in gatekeeper skills and behaviors; 2) ASIST will have a stronger impact on designated gatekeepers than emergent gatekeepers; 3) ASIST will not be associated with an increase in suicidal ideation or distress.

Conditions

Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Wait-list Control

No training, wait-listed for ASIST at a later date

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

ASIST

Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training is a 2-day, 14 hour intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The course, facilitated by 2 trained facilitators, allows for a maximum enrollment of 30 participants.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training

Intervention Type: OTHER

Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training is a 2-day, 14-hour intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The ASIST program has five learning sections: 1) Preparing - Sets the tone, norms, and expectations of the workshop; 2) Connecting - allows participants to explore their own attitudes towards suicide and creates an understanding of the impact that attitudes have on the intervention process. 3) Understanding - Describes the intervention needs of a person at risk. 4) Assisting - Presents a model for suicide intervention. 5) Networking - Generates information about resources in the local community.

ASIST uncontrolled arm

The ASIST workshop will be offered to participants who refuse to be part of the waitlist control arm. This is due to the reality in gathering data in these communities. Many times it is not possible for participants to be waitlisted, and therefore we would still want to gather data on those that refuse to participate in the RCT design and will collect uncontrolled data on these participants only.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training

Intervention Type: OTHER

Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training is a 2-day, 14-hour intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The ASIST program has five learning sections: 1) Preparing - Sets the tone, norms, and expectations of the workshop; 2) Connecting - allows participants to explore their own attitudes towards suicide and creates an understanding of the impact that attitudes have on the intervention process. 3) Understanding - Describes the intervention needs of a person at risk. 4) Assisting - Presents a model for suicide intervention. 5) Networking - Generates information about resources in the local community.

Interventions

Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training

Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training is a 2-day, 14-hour intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The ASIST program has five learning sections: 1) Preparing - Sets the tone, norms, and expectations of the workshop; 2) Connecting - allows participants to explore their own attitudes towards suicide and creates an understanding of the impact that attitudes have on the intervention process. 3) Understanding - Describes the intervention needs of a person at risk. 4) Assisting - Presents a model for suicide intervention. 5) Networking - Generates information about resources in the local community.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Other Intervention Names

ASIST

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• English speaking
• currently living or working in First Nations, Inuit, or Metis communities in Manitoba
• 16 years of age or older

Exclusion Criteria

• does not speak English
• <16 years of age

• Minimum Eligible Age: 16 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Manitoba Health

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role: collaborator

First Nations and Inuit Health

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role: collaborator

University of Manitoba

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Jitender Sareen, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Manitoba

Locations

University of Manitoba

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Countries

Canada

Other Identifiers

2013:380

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id