Visual Distraction as a Means of Enhancing Child Resistance

NCT ID: NCT01859780

Last Updated: 2024-05-03

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

229 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2013-08-31

Study Completion Date

2015-04-30

Brief Summary

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Unintentional poisonings of children continues to be a major issue in the US. According to a study conducted by Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centers, during the period from 2001-2008, emergency room visits for children less than 5 rose 28% as the result of pharmaceutical products. The authors note, "the problem of pediatric medication poisoning is getting worse, not better."

Child resistant closures have been required on most medications sold in the US since the early 1970s. However, most designs attempt to thwart children through purely physical means (e.g. simultaneous dissimilar motion or opening using sequential tasks). Few, if any designs, have utilized perception and cognition as a way to enhance child resistance.

The investigators propose utilizing visual illusions in spaces distinct from the opening mechanism of prescription packages as a means of enhancing child resistance. In this project, visual illusion images are applied to both vials and wallet blisters in order to attract children's interest and prolong the time before opening.

During Stage I, the investigators will determine if the visual distractor attracts attention when samples are displayed in a storage rack. During Stage II, the investigators will test the effect of visual distractors on child resistance as measured by successful openings and time to open.

Detailed Description

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Stage I

Objective: to determine if the visual distractor attracts attention when samples are displayed in a storage rack.

Eligibility Criteria

To participate in this study children must:

* Be 2 years to 4 ½ years old
* Have parent's permission to be videotaped
* Have parent's signed permission (in the form of the official (IRB approved, signed consent)
* Have no known history of lactose allergy or lactose sensitivity (packages contain a lactose placebo)
* Verbally agree to participate after a brief explanation of what we want them to do

Outcome Measures Categorical variable (package choice) Continuous variable (time to choice)

Stage II Objective: to test the effect of visual distractors on child resistance as measured by successful openings and time to open.

Eligibility Criteria

To participate in this stage of the study children must:

* Have no known history of lactose allergy or lactose sensitivity (packages contain a lactose placebo)
* Be 2 years to 4 ½ years old
* Have their parent's permission to be videotaped
* Have their parent's permission (in the form of the official, IRB approved signed consent)
* Verbally agree to participate after a brief explanation of what we want them to do

Outcome Measures Binary (package opened yes/no) Continuous variable (time to open for those successful)

Conditions

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Unintentional Ingestion of Prescriptions Within Vials and Blisters

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Prescription packages (vials and blisters)

Stage I Prescription vials and wallets (packaging) with three levels of distractor placement (hidden, absent and obvious) will be tested for an effect of placement on selection behavior and time to package selection.

Stage II Prescription vials and wallets (packaging) with and without distractors will be tested for an effect on time to open and number of successful openings.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Visual distractor

Intervention Type OTHER

Interventions

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Visual distractor

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* 2-4.5 years of age
* Parental permission to video tape

Exclusion Criteria

* Lactose allergy or lactose sensitivity
Minimum Eligible Age

2 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

54 Months

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Michigan State University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Laura Bix

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Laura Bix, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

School of Packaging, Michigan State University

Mark Becker, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Cognition and Cognitive Neuroscience Group

Judith Danovitch, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Knowledge in Development Lab, Psychology

Locations

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Packaging Building

East Lansing, Michigan, United States

Site Status

LESA Early Childhood Programs

Howell, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Great Lakes Marketing

Toledo, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

Related Links

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http://www.upandaway.org/

Up and Away Campaign (brochures from this campaign will be sent home with children after testing)

Other Identifiers

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13-246

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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