Intrathecal Levobupivacaine With Opioids for Caesarean Section

NCT ID: NCT01858090

Last Updated: 2013-05-21

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

93 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2009-01-31

Study Completion Date

2010-01-31

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study, the aim was to compare the effect of adding fentanyl (10 µg) or sufentanil (2.5 µg) to levobupivacaine (2.2±0.2 ml 0.5%) on the intraoperative anesthesia quality, block characteristics, the side effects on the newborn and mother, the duration of postoperative analgesia, and surgeon satisfaction score.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Following the approval of the Baskent University Ethics Committee (KA08/48) and the written informed consents of the patients, 93 pregnant women above 18 years of age without fetal distress/anomaly (gestational pregnancy age ≥ 36 weeks, height ≥ 155 cm, weight ≤110 kg, and fetal weight ≥ 2500 g) and planned American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status of I to II elective caesarean section surgeries were enrolled. Patients with allergies to any local anesthetic, with a history of hypersensitivity and anaphylactic reactions, who were taken to emergency surgery, and who had preeclampsia were excluded.

Patients were randomized into three groups (Fentanyl Group F, Sufentanil Group S, Control Group C) by a computer, and the demographic data and gestational age of the patients were recorded. No premedications were administered. Following monitoring in all patients (with non-invasive blood pressure, electrocardiogram and pulse oxymeter), Ringer's Lactate solution (15 ml/kg) was administered for 10-15 minutes. Spinal anesthesia was administered with midline approach at the L3-4 interval while the patients assumed a seated position. Spinal blocks were performed by an anesthesiologist blinded to the drug injected, and the drug syringes were prepared immediately before injection by another anesthesiologist who otherwise was not involved in the study. Intraoperative and postoperative assessments were performed by an anesthesiologist blinded to patient allocations and study drugs. 2.2 ml (11 mg) levobupivacaine (Chirocaine®, Abbott Laboratories, Ireland) was administered to patients with heights \<163 cm, while 2.4 ml (12 mg) levobupivacaine was administered to patients with heights ≥163 cm (Control Group). 2.2±0.2 ml 0.5% levobupivacaine + 10 µg fentanil (Fentanyl®, Johnson\&Johnson, USA) was administered to Group F and 2.2±0.2 ml levobupivacaine + 2.5 µg sufentanil (Sufenta®, Johnson\&Johnson, USA) was administered to Group S at rate of 3ml/30 sec. Following intrathecal administration, patients were placed in the supine position, and their heads were slightly elevated. Patients were then brought to a 15-20° left lateral position to prevent aortocaval compression, and oxygen (at 2-4 L/min) was provided with a face mask.

Sensory block was evaluated every two minutes with a pin prick test, while motor block was evaluated with the Bromage scale (0=no motor loss; 1= inability to flex the hip; 2= inability to flex the knee; 3= inability to flex the ankle). Onset times for sensory and motor blocks were recorded. Surgical intervention was initiated when block reached the T5 level. In case sensory block did not attain the T5 level within 20 minutes, general anesthesia was administered.

Duration of sensory block, highest level of sensory block, time to L1-T10 level, time for two-segment and T10 sensory block regression, and the onset and end time of motor block were recorded.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturations (SpO2) were evaluated every three minutes during the first 15 minutes, and every five minutes afterwards. If systolic blood pressure values decreased more than 20% with respect to the baseline values, or decreased to \<100 mmHg, fluid loading and ephedrine (5 mg) were administered. A decrease in heart rate to less than 55 beats/min was considered as bradycardia, and atropine (0.5 mg) was administered. A decrease in the respiratory rate to less than 10/min, and a decrease in oxygen saturation to less than 90%, was considered as indications of respiratory depression. In such cases, support was provided with face mask ventilation.

APGAR scores were evaluated (at minutes 1 and 5) by a pediatrician with no information regarding the groups. For blood gas measurements, samples were obtained from the umbilical cord of newborns.

Intraoperative pain evaluation was performed with the visual analog scale (VAS score; 0= No pain, 10= worst pain possible) while performing surgical incision, uterine incision, and skin closure. In cases where VAS\>3, IV fentanyl (50 µg) was administered. Sedation levels were monitored, and propofol (up to 0.5 mg/kg) was administered if patients had discomfort. When patients required more than 50 µg fentanyl and/or 0.5 mg/kg propofol, the block was considered as unsuccessful and general anesthesia was administered. Intraoperative and postoperative nausea, vomiting, pruritus, respiratory depression and other side effects were recorded at the first, second, sixth, and twelfth hours. Metoclopramide (10 mg IV) was administered for nausea, and diphenhydramine (25 mg) was administered for severe pruritus, Surgery procedures were performed by the same surgeon with no knowledge regarding the groups. Surgeon satisfaction score was evaluated according to the sufficiency of muscle relaxation and the provision of adequate surgical conditions (0= pair, 1= fair, 2= good, 3= excellent).

The time of first analgesic requirement was recorded for the patients, and pethidine hydrochloride (50 mg IM) was administered as the first analgesic. Following this, analgesic treatment was continued with diclofenac sodium (75 mg IM) as additional analgesic among cases in which VAS\>3. Diclofenac sodium requirement during the first 24 hours were recorded.

Statistical Analysis Sensory block duration was used as main end-point for statistical analysis. Power analysis based on previous studies14,15 indicated that the minimum number of patients required for 80% power (α=0,05, β=0,20) was 24 per group for detecting 25% difference in sensory block duration. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois). Categorical measurements were recorded as numbers and percentages, continuous measurements with mean and standard deviation (Mean±SD), and also with the median (minimum-maximum) where necessary. In the comparison of categorical variables, the chi-square test or the Fischer's exact test were used. The ANOVA test was used for distributions, in the comparison of continuous measurements between the groups, while the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for parameters without normal distribution. Hemodynamic data were analyzed with repeated measure analyses. Values of p\<0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Elective Caesarean Section Surgeries

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Investigators

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Control Group

Control Group, Group C: Spinal anesthesia with levobupivacaine %0.5 (2.2±0.2 ml)+ Serum saline

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Control Group Chirocaine

Intervention Type DRUG

Control group: Spinal anesthesia with levobupivacaine+Serum Physiologic %0.9 (Total volume 3 mL)

Ephedrine

Intervention Type DRUG

If systolic blood pressure values decreased more than 20% with respect to the baseline values, or decreased to \<100 mmHg, fluid loading and ephedrine (5 mg) were administered.

Atropine sulfate

Intervention Type DRUG

A decrease in heart rate to less than 55 beats/min was considered as bradycardia, and atropine (0.5 mg) was administered

Propofol

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravenous propofol (up to 0.5 mg/kg) was administered if patients had discomfort

Metoclopramide

Intervention Type DRUG

Metoclopramide (10 mg IV) was administered for nausea

Diphenhydramine

Intervention Type DRUG

for severe pruritus

pethidine hydrochloride

Intervention Type DRUG

pethidine hydrochloride (50 mg IM) was administered as the first analgesic postoperatively

Diclofenac sodium

Intervention Type DRUG

as additional analgesic among cases in which VAS\>3(Postoperatively)

Group Fentanyl

Group Fentanyl, Group F: Spinal anesthesia with levobupivacaine %0.5 (2.2±0.2 ml+fentanyl (10 µg)

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Group Fentanyl

Intervention Type DRUG

Ephedrine

Intervention Type DRUG

If systolic blood pressure values decreased more than 20% with respect to the baseline values, or decreased to \<100 mmHg, fluid loading and ephedrine (5 mg) were administered.

Atropine sulfate

Intervention Type DRUG

A decrease in heart rate to less than 55 beats/min was considered as bradycardia, and atropine (0.5 mg) was administered

Propofol

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravenous propofol (up to 0.5 mg/kg) was administered if patients had discomfort

Metoclopramide

Intervention Type DRUG

Metoclopramide (10 mg IV) was administered for nausea

Diphenhydramine

Intervention Type DRUG

for severe pruritus

pethidine hydrochloride

Intervention Type DRUG

pethidine hydrochloride (50 mg IM) was administered as the first analgesic postoperatively

Diclofenac sodium

Intervention Type DRUG

as additional analgesic among cases in which VAS\>3(Postoperatively)

Group sufentanil

Group sufentanil, Group S: spinal anesthesia with levobupivacaine %0.5 (2.2±0.2 ml)+ sufentanil (2.5 µg)

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Group sufentanil

Intervention Type DRUG

Ephedrine

Intervention Type DRUG

If systolic blood pressure values decreased more than 20% with respect to the baseline values, or decreased to \<100 mmHg, fluid loading and ephedrine (5 mg) were administered.

Atropine sulfate

Intervention Type DRUG

A decrease in heart rate to less than 55 beats/min was considered as bradycardia, and atropine (0.5 mg) was administered

Propofol

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravenous propofol (up to 0.5 mg/kg) was administered if patients had discomfort

Metoclopramide

Intervention Type DRUG

Metoclopramide (10 mg IV) was administered for nausea

Diphenhydramine

Intervention Type DRUG

for severe pruritus

pethidine hydrochloride

Intervention Type DRUG

pethidine hydrochloride (50 mg IM) was administered as the first analgesic postoperatively

Diclofenac sodium

Intervention Type DRUG

as additional analgesic among cases in which VAS\>3(Postoperatively)

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Control Group Chirocaine

Control group: Spinal anesthesia with levobupivacaine+Serum Physiologic %0.9 (Total volume 3 mL)

Intervention Type DRUG

Group Fentanyl

Intervention Type DRUG

Group sufentanil

Intervention Type DRUG

Ephedrine

If systolic blood pressure values decreased more than 20% with respect to the baseline values, or decreased to \<100 mmHg, fluid loading and ephedrine (5 mg) were administered.

Intervention Type DRUG

Atropine sulfate

A decrease in heart rate to less than 55 beats/min was considered as bradycardia, and atropine (0.5 mg) was administered

Intervention Type DRUG

Propofol

Intravenous propofol (up to 0.5 mg/kg) was administered if patients had discomfort

Intervention Type DRUG

Metoclopramide

Metoclopramide (10 mg IV) was administered for nausea

Intervention Type DRUG

Diphenhydramine

for severe pruritus

Intervention Type DRUG

pethidine hydrochloride

pethidine hydrochloride (50 mg IM) was administered as the first analgesic postoperatively

Intervention Type DRUG

Diclofenac sodium

as additional analgesic among cases in which VAS\>3(Postoperatively)

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.

Chirocaine Chirocaine®, Abbott Laboratories, Ireland 113/13 16.12.2002 Serum Physiologic %0.9 Serum Fizyolojik %0.9 10 ml Ampul Adeka İlac 8699587751799 Fentanyl®, Johnson&Johnson, USA 110/53 01.08.2001 Sufenta®, Johnson&Johnson, USA 108/26 15.08.2000 EFEDRİN HİDROKLORÜR AMPUL 0.05 g, 1 ml 30.06.1999 - 192/42 OSEL İlaç San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Beykoz/İSTANBUL ATROPİN SÜLFAT AMPUL 1/4 mg, 1 ml 30.06.1999 - 192/9 OSEL İlaç San. ve Tic. A.Ş. Beykoz/İSTANBUL Propofol Ampul Abbott Laboratories, USA 23.12.1998 - 105/37 Metpamid Ampul Üretici Firma:YENI ILAC VE HAMMADDELERI SANAYI VE TICARET A.S. Esenyurt/ISTANBUL 300188-1 BR Etken Madde(ler):Metoklopramid HCI 10 mg/2 ml Benison Ampul Osel İlaç 8699788750300 Aldolan ampul Liba Laboratuarları A.Ş. 20.12.1985 - 86/29 Gerot Pharmazeutika GmbH, Arnethgasse 3, 1171 Viyana, Avusturya Diclomec Ampul 75 mg/ 3 ml Mecom Saglik Urunleri San. ve Tic. A.S 8699633759366

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Pregnant women
* above 18 years of age
* gestational pregnancy age ≥ 36 weeks
* height ≥ 155 cm
* weight ≤110 kg
* fetal weight ≥ 2500 g)
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status of I to II
* elective caesarean section surgeries were enrolled.

Exclusion Criteria

* Local anesthetic allergy
* history of hypersensitivity and anaphylactic reactions
* emergency surgery
* preeclampsia
Minimum Eligible Age

19 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

40 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Baskent University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Nesrin Bozdogan Ozyilkan

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Anis Aribogan, Prof., MD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Baskent University School of Medicine

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Baskent University School of Medicine Adana Teaching and Research Hospital

Adana, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Turkey (Türkiye)

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Karaman S, Kocabas S, Uyar M, Hayzaran S, Firat V. The effects of sufentanil or morphine added to hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2006 Apr;23(4):285-91. doi: 10.1017/S0265021505001869. Epub 2006 Jan 27.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16438758 (View on PubMed)

Bozdogan Ozyilkan N, Kocum A, Sener M, Caliskan E, Tarim E, Ergenoglu P, Aribogan A. Comparison of intrathecal levobupivacaine combined with sufentanil, fentanyl, or placebo for elective caesarean section: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2013 Dec;75:64-70. doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2013.09.003.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 24465046 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

KA08/48

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.