A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Major Glycemia-lowering Medications for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
NCT ID: NCT01794143
Last Updated: 2022-04-14
Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
PHASE3
Total Enrollment
5047 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2013-05-31
Brief Summary
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The GRADE Study is a pragmatic, unmasked clinical trial that will compare commonly used diabetes medications, when combined with metformin, on glycemia-lowering effectiveness and patient-centered outcomes.
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Type 2 Diabetes
Comparative Effectiveness of Glycemia-lowering Medications
Study Design
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Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Primary Study Purpose
TREATMENT
Blinding Strategy
NONE
Study Groups
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Sulfonylurea (glimepiride)
Sulfonylurea
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Sulfonylurea (glimepiride)
Intervention Type
DRUG
Used in accordance with labeling and/or usual practice.
DPP-4 inhibitor
DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin)
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin)
Intervention Type
DRUG
Used in accordance with labeling and/or usual practice
GLP-1 receptor agonist
GLP-1 receptor agonist (liraglutide)
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
GLP-1 receptor agonist (liraglutide)
Intervention Type
DRUG
Used in accordance with labeling and/or usual practice.
Insulin (glargine)
Insulin (glargine), Lantus
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Insulin (glargine)
Intervention Type
DRUG
Used in accordance with labeling and/or usual practice.
Interventions
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Sulfonylurea (glimepiride)
Used in accordance with labeling and/or usual practice.
Intervention Type
DRUG
DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin)
Used in accordance with labeling and/or usual practice
Intervention Type
DRUG
GLP-1 receptor agonist (liraglutide)
Used in accordance with labeling and/or usual practice.
Intervention Type
DRUG
Insulin (glargine)
Used in accordance with labeling and/or usual practice.
Intervention Type
DRUG
Other Intervention Names
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Glimepiride
Sitagliptin
Liraglutide
Lantus
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
1. Men or women diagnosed with diabetes at age ≥ 30 years (≥ 20 for American Indians)
2. Duration of diagnosed diabetes \< 10 years
3. HbA1c criteria (at final run-in visit, \~2 weeks prior to randomization): 6.8-8.5%
4. Taking a daily dose of ≥ 1000 mg metformin for a minimum of 8 weeks at final run-in
5. Willingness to administer daily subcutaneous injections, take a second diabetes drug after randomization, potentially initiate insulin and intensify insulin therapy if study metabolic goals are not met, perform self-monitoring of blood glucose
6. Fluent in either English or Spanish
7. A negative pregnancy test for all females of childbearing potential (i.e. pre-menopausal, and not surgically sterile)
8. Provision of signed and dated informed consent prior to any study procedures
2. Duration of diagnosed diabetes \< 10 years
3. HbA1c criteria (at final run-in visit, \~2 weeks prior to randomization): 6.8-8.5%
4. Taking a daily dose of ≥ 1000 mg metformin for a minimum of 8 weeks at final run-in
5. Willingness to administer daily subcutaneous injections, take a second diabetes drug after randomization, potentially initiate insulin and intensify insulin therapy if study metabolic goals are not met, perform self-monitoring of blood glucose
6. Fluent in either English or Spanish
7. A negative pregnancy test for all females of childbearing potential (i.e. pre-menopausal, and not surgically sterile)
8. Provision of signed and dated informed consent prior to any study procedures
Exclusion Criteria
1. Suspected type 1 diabetes (lean with polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss with little response to metformin) or "secondary" diabetes due to specific causes (e.g. previously diagnosed monogenic syndromes, pancreatic surgery, pancreatitis)
2. Current or previous (within past 6 months) treatment with any diabetes drug/glucose-lowering medication other than metformin (limited use of no longer than seven days is allowed, for example during hospitalization)
3. More than 10 years of treatment with metformin at time of randomization screening
4. History of intolerance or allergy or other contraindications to any of the proposed study medications
5. Resides in the same household with another GRADE study participant
6. Current need for any specific glucose-lowering medications solely for other conditions, for example for polycystic ovary syndrome
7. Symptomatic hyperglycemia requiring immediate therapy during screening or run-in, in the judgment of the physician
8. A life-threatening event within 30 days prior to screening or currently planned major surgery
9. Any major cardiovascular event in previous year, including history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or vascular procedure such as coronary artery or peripheral bypass grafting, stent placements (peripheral or coronary) or angioplasty.
10. Plans for pregnancy during the course of the study for women of child-bearing potential
11. History of or planning bariatric surgery, including banding procedures or surgical gastric and/or intestinal bypass (if banding removed, may be considered eligible after 1 year)
12. History of congestive heart failure (NYHA 3 or greater)
13. History of pancreatitis
14. History of cancer, other than non-melanoma skin cancer, that required therapy in the 5 years prior to randomization
15. Personal or family history of MEN-2 or family history of medullary thyroid cancer
16. Estimated GFR (eGFR) \<30 ml/min/1.73 m2 or end stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapy
17. History of severe liver disease or acute hepatitis or ALT \> 3 times upper limit of normal
18. Current alcoholism or excessive alcohol intake
19. Previous organ transplant
20. Treatment with oral or systemic glucocorticoids (other than short-term treatment, for example for poison ivy) or disease likely to require periodic or regular glucocorticoid therapy (inhaled steroids are allowed)
21. Treatment with atypical antipsychotics
22. History of hemolytic anemia, chronic transfusion requirement, or other condition rendering HbA1c results unreliable as indicator of chronic glucose levels, or hematocrit \<35 for males and \<33 for females
23. Clinically or medically unstable with expected survival \<1 year
24. Unwillingness to permit sites to contact the PCP to communicate information about the study and the participant's data
25. No non-study PCP or inability to identify such a PCP (who will provide non-study care) by the time of final run-in
26. Participation in another interventional clinical trial
27. Previous randomization in the GRADE study
28. In the opinion of the principal investigator (PI), any other factor, including language barrier, likely to limit compliance with the protocol
2. Current or previous (within past 6 months) treatment with any diabetes drug/glucose-lowering medication other than metformin (limited use of no longer than seven days is allowed, for example during hospitalization)
3. More than 10 years of treatment with metformin at time of randomization screening
4. History of intolerance or allergy or other contraindications to any of the proposed study medications
5. Resides in the same household with another GRADE study participant
6. Current need for any specific glucose-lowering medications solely for other conditions, for example for polycystic ovary syndrome
7. Symptomatic hyperglycemia requiring immediate therapy during screening or run-in, in the judgment of the physician
8. A life-threatening event within 30 days prior to screening or currently planned major surgery
9. Any major cardiovascular event in previous year, including history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or vascular procedure such as coronary artery or peripheral bypass grafting, stent placements (peripheral or coronary) or angioplasty.
10. Plans for pregnancy during the course of the study for women of child-bearing potential
11. History of or planning bariatric surgery, including banding procedures or surgical gastric and/or intestinal bypass (if banding removed, may be considered eligible after 1 year)
12. History of congestive heart failure (NYHA 3 or greater)
13. History of pancreatitis
14. History of cancer, other than non-melanoma skin cancer, that required therapy in the 5 years prior to randomization
15. Personal or family history of MEN-2 or family history of medullary thyroid cancer
16. Estimated GFR (eGFR) \<30 ml/min/1.73 m2 or end stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapy
17. History of severe liver disease or acute hepatitis or ALT \> 3 times upper limit of normal
18. Current alcoholism or excessive alcohol intake
19. Previous organ transplant
20. Treatment with oral or systemic glucocorticoids (other than short-term treatment, for example for poison ivy) or disease likely to require periodic or regular glucocorticoid therapy (inhaled steroids are allowed)
21. Treatment with atypical antipsychotics
22. History of hemolytic anemia, chronic transfusion requirement, or other condition rendering HbA1c results unreliable as indicator of chronic glucose levels, or hematocrit \<35 for males and \<33 for females
23. Clinically or medically unstable with expected survival \<1 year
24. Unwillingness to permit sites to contact the PCP to communicate information about the study and the participant's data
25. No non-study PCP or inability to identify such a PCP (who will provide non-study care) by the time of final run-in
26. Participation in another interventional clinical trial
27. Previous randomization in the GRADE study
28. In the opinion of the principal investigator (PI), any other factor, including language barrier, likely to limit compliance with the protocol
Minimum Eligible Age
30 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
NIH
Sponsor Role
collaborator
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
NIH
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Becton, Dickinson and Company
INDUSTRY
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Bristol-Myers Squibb
INDUSTRY
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
INDUSTRY
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Novo Nordisk A/S
INDUSTRY
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Roche Diagnostics GmbH
INDUSTRY
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Sanofi
INDUSTRY
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
FED
Sponsor Role
collaborator
GRADE Study Group
OTHER
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Responsibility Role
SPONSOR
Principal Investigators
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David M Nathan, MD
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
Massachusetts General Hospital
Locations
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University of Alabama-Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Site Status
Southwestern American Indian Center
Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Site Status
Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego (San Diego VA)
San Diego, California, United States
Site Status
University of Colorado
Denver, Colorado, United States
Site Status
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Site Status
South Florida VA Foundation (Miami VA)
Miami, Florida, United States
Site Status
Atlanta VA Medical Center
Decatur, Georgia, United States
Site Status
Kaiser Permanente of Georgia
Duluth, Georgia, United States
Site Status
Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (VA Pacific Islands)
Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
Site Status
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Site Status
University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa, United States
Site Status
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
Site Status
MedStar Health Research Institute
Hyattsville, Maryland, United States
Site Status
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Site Status
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Site Status
International Diabetes Center
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Site Status
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Site Status
Washington University School of Medicine
St Louis, Missouri, United States
Site Status
University of Nebraska
Omaha, Nebraska, United States
Site Status
University of New Mexico School of Medicine
Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
Site Status
State University of New York (SUNY)-Downstate Medical Center
Brooklyn, New York, United States
Site Status
Columbia University Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center
New York, New York, United States
Site Status
Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital
New York, New York, United States
Site Status
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
The Bronx, New York, United States
Site Status
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina, United States
Site Status
University of North Carolina Diabetes Care Center
Durham, North Carolina, United States
Site Status
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Site Status
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Site Status
Kaiser Permanente Northwest
Portland, Oregon, United States
Site Status
Oregon Health and Science University
Portland, Oregon, United States
Site Status
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee, United States
Site Status
Baylor Endocrine Center
Dallas, Texas, United States
Site Status
University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas, United States
Site Status
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas, United States
Site Status
University of Texas Health Science Center
San Antonio, Texas, United States
Site Status
Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Research
Seattle, Washington, United States
Site Status
Countries
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United States
References
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Luchsinger JA, Rosin SP, Kazemi EJ, Younes N, Suratt CE, Fattaleh BN, Florez HJ, Gonzalez JS, Hollander P, Hox SH, Kuo S, Lee MS, Martens T, Pop-Busui R, Seaquist ER, Waltje AH, Barzilay JI; GRADE Research Group. Glucose-Lowering Medications, Glycemia, and Cognitive Outcomes: The GRADE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2025 Jul 1;185(7):778-787. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.1189.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Natale P, Green SC, Tunnicliffe DJ, Pellegrino G, Toyama T, Strippoli GF. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for people with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025 Feb 18;2(2):CD015849. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015849.pub2.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Ehrmann D, Krause-Steinrauf H, Uschner D, Wen H, Hoogendoorn CJ, Crespo-Ramos G, Presley C, Arends VL, Cohen RM, Garvey WT, Martens T, Willis HJ, Cherrington A, Gonzalez JS; GRADE Research Group. Differential associations of somatic and cognitive-affective symptoms of depression with inflammation and insulin resistance: cross-sectional and longitudinal results from the Emotional Distress Sub-Study of the GRADE study. Diabetologia. 2025 Jul;68(7):1403-1415. doi: 10.1007/s00125-025-06369-8. Epub 2025 Feb 14.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Seaquist ER, Phillips LS, Ghosh A, Baker C, Bergenstal RM, Crandall JP, Goland RS, Gramzinski MR, Hox SH, Hsia DS, Johnson ML, Lachin JM, Raskin P, Valencia WM, Waltje AH, Younes N; GRADE Research Group. Glycemia reduction in type 2 diabetes-Hypoglycemia outcomes: A randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2024 Nov 15;19(11):e0309907. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309907. eCollection 2024.
Reference Type
DERIVED
El-Damanawi R, Stanley IK, Staatz C, Pascoe EM, Craig JC, Johnson DW, Mallett AJ, Hawley CM, Milanzi E, Hiemstra TF, Viecelli AK. Metformin for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 Jun 4;6(6):CD013414. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013414.pub2.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Hsia DS, Younes N, Krause-Steinrauf H, Kassem LS; GRADE Research Group. The incidence of retinopathy in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness study (GRADE). J Diabetes Complications. 2024 Mar;38(3):108692. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108692. Epub 2024 Feb 5.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Green JB, Everett BM, Ghosh A, Younes N, Krause-Steinrauf H, Barzilay J, Desouza C, Inzucchi SE, Pokharel Y, Schade D, Scrymgeour A, Tan MH, Utzschneider KM, Mudaliar S; GRADE Study Research Group. Cardiovascular Outcomes in GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study). Circulation. 2024 Mar 26;149(13):993-1003. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.066604. Epub 2024 Feb 12.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Hampe CS, Shojaie A, Brooks-Worrell B, Dibay S, Utzschneider K, Kahn SE, Larkin ME, Johnson ML, Younes N, Rasouli N, Desouza C, Cohen RM, Park JY, Florez HJ, Valencia WM, Stempel R, Palmer JP, Balasubramanyam A. GAD65Abs Are Not Associated With Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Patients With T2D in the GRADE Study. J Endocr Soc. 2024 Feb 8;8(3):bvad179. doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvad179. eCollection 2024 Jan 16.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Luchsinger JA, Kazemi EJ, Sanchez DL, Larkin ME, Valencia WM, Desouza C, Carlson AL, Pop-Busui R, Seaquist ER, Florez HJ, Barzilay J; GRADE Research Group. BMI, insulin sensitivity, and cognition in early type 2 diabetes: The Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2023 Jul;31(7):1812-1824. doi: 10.1002/oby.23785.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Wexler DJ, de Boer IH, Ghosh A, Younes N, Bebu I, Inzucchi SE, McGill JB, Mudaliar S, Schade D, Steffes MW, Tamborlane WV, Tan MH, Ismail-Beigi F; GRADE Research Group. Comparative Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Kidney Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: The GRADE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2023 Jul 1;183(7):705-714. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.1487.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Gulanski BI, Butera NM, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lichtman JH, Harindhanavudhi T, Green JB, Suratt CE, AbouAssi H, Desouza C, Ahmann AJ, Wexler DJ, Aroda VR; GRADE Research Group. Higher burden of cardiometabolic and socioeconomic risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the Glycemic Reduction Approaches in Diabetes (GRADE) baseline cohort. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2023 Apr;11(2):e003159. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003159.
Reference Type
DERIVED
GRADE Study Research Group; Nathan DM, Lachin JM, Bebu I, Burch HB, Buse JB, Cherrington AL, Fortmann SP, Green JB, Kahn SE, Kirkman MS, Krause-Steinrauf H, Larkin ME, Phillips LS, Pop-Busui R, Steffes M, Tiktin M, Tripputi M, Wexler DJ, Younes N. Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes - Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2022 Sep 22;387(12):1075-1088. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2200436.
Reference Type
DERIVED
GRADE Study Research Group; Nathan DM, Lachin JM, Balasubramanyam A, Burch HB, Buse JB, Butera NM, Cohen RM, Crandall JP, Kahn SE, Krause-Steinrauf H, Larkin ME, Rasouli N, Tiktin M, Wexler DJ, Younes N. Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes - Glycemic Outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2022 Sep 22;387(12):1063-1074. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2200433.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Barzilay JI, Ghosh A, Busui RP, Ahmann A, Balasubramanyam A, Banerji MA, Cohen RM, Green J, Ismail-Beigi F, Martin CL, Seaquist E, Luchsinger JA; GRADE Research Group. The cross-sectional association of cognition with diabetic peripheral and autonomic neuropathy-The GRADE study. J Diabetes Complications. 2021 Dec;35(12):108047. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108047. Epub 2021 Sep 15.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Utzschneider KM, Younes N, Rasouli N, Barzilay JI, Banerji MA, Cohen RM, Gonzalez EV, Ismail-Beigi F, Mather KJ, Raskin P, Wexler DJ, Lachin JM, Kahn SE; GRADE Research Group. Shape of the OGTT glucose response curve: relationship with beta-cell function and differences by sex, race, and BMI in adults with early type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2021 Sep;9(1):e002264. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002264.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Luchsinger JA, Younes N, Manly JJ, Barzilay J, Valencia W, Larkin ME, Falck-Ytter C, Krause-Steinrauf H, Pop-Busui R, Florez H, Seaquist E; GRADE Research Group; GRADE Research Group Investigators:. Association of Glycemia, Lipids, and Blood Pressure With Cognitive Performance in People With Type 2 Diabetes in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Care. 2021 Oct;44(10):2286-2292. doi: 10.2337/dc20-2858. Epub 2021 Jul 20.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Cherrington AL, Krause-Steinrauf H, Bebu I, Naik AD, Walker E, Golden SH, Gonzalez JS; GRADE Research Group. Study of emotional distress in a comparative effectiveness trial of diabetes treatments: Rationale and design. Contemp Clin Trials. 2021 Aug;107:106366. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106366. Epub 2021 Mar 22.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Utzschneider KM, Younes N, Rasouli N, Barzilay J, Banerji MA, Cohen RM, Gonzalez EV, Mather KJ, Ismail-Beigi F, Raskin P, Wexler DJ, Lachin JM, Kahn SE; GRADE Research Group. Association of glycemia with insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in adults with early type 2 diabetes on metformin alone. J Diabetes Complications. 2021 May;35(5):107912. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107912. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Rasouli N, Younes N, Utzschneider KM, Inzucchi SE, Balasubramanyam A, Cherrington AL, Ismail-Beigi F, Cohen RM, Olson DE, DeFronzo RA, Herman WH, Lachin JM, Kahn SE; GRADE Research Group. Association of Baseline Characteristics With Insulin Sensitivity and beta-Cell Function in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) Study Cohort. Diabetes Care. 2021 Feb;44(2):340-349. doi: 10.2337/dc20-1787. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Sivitz WI, Phillips LS, Wexler DJ, Fortmann SP, Camp AW, Tiktin M, Perez M, Craig J, Hollander PA, Cherrington A, Aroda VR, Tan MH, Krakoff J, Rasouli N, Butera NM, Younes N; GRADE Research Group. Optimization of Metformin in the GRADE Cohort: Effect on Glycemia and Body Weight. Diabetes Care. 2020 May;43(5):940-947. doi: 10.2337/dc19-1769. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Wexler DJ, Krause-Steinrauf H, Crandall JP, Florez HJ, Hox SH, Kuhn A, Sood A, Underkofler C, Aroda VR; GRADE Research Group. Baseline Characteristics of Randomized Participants in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Care. 2019 Nov;42(11):2098-2107. doi: 10.2337/dc19-0901. Epub 2019 Aug 7.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Behringer-Massera S, Browne T, George G, Duran S, Cherrington A, McKee MD; GRADE Research Group. Facilitators and barriers to successful recruitment into a large comparative effectiveness trial: a qualitative study. J Comp Eff Res. 2019 Jul;8(10):815-826. doi: 10.2217/cer-2019-0010. Epub 2019 Aug 1.
Reference Type
DERIVED
Provided Documents
Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.
Document Type: Study Protocol
Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan: GRADE Study
Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan: Manuscript - Long Term Differences in Metabolic Status (OP1)
Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan: Manuscript - Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes (OP2)
Document Type: Informed Consent Form
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
GRADE
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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PHASE4
A Study for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
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Opposing Step-by-step Insulin Reinforcement to Intensified Strategy
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PHASE3
Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine/ Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination Compared to Insulin Glargine Alone and Lixisenatide Alone on Top of Metformin in Patients With T2DM
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COMPLETED
PHASE3
Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Inadequate Control on DPP-4 Inhibitor Therapy
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PHASE4
Characteristics of Glargine in Type 2 Diabetics
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Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide as add-on to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.
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