Study Results
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View full resultsBasic Information
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COMPLETED
PHASE3
267 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2013-04-30
2019-08-31
Brief Summary
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The primary clinical question RISE will address is: Are improvements in ß-cell function following 12 months of active treatment maintained for 3 months following the withdrawal of therapy? Secondary outcomes will assess durability of glucose tolerance following withdrawal of therapy, and whether biomarkers obtained in the fasting state predict parameters of ß-cell function, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance and the response to an intervention.
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
QUADRUPLE
Study Groups
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Metformin alone
Metformin will be titrated to the maximum dose tolerated (up to 2000 mg/day). Participants randomized to the metformin-alone arm will be blinded to treatment.
Metformin
Titrated to 1000 mg BID
Glargine followed by Metformin
Basal insulin glargine for 3 months titrated to achieve a morning fasting blood glucose of 80-90 mg/dl, followed by open-label metformin (titrated up to 2000 mg/day) for 9 months.
Metformin
Titrated to 1000 mg BID
Glargine
Titrated to target fasting glucose \<90 mg/dl
Placebo
Placebo - masked to metformin-alone. Placebo will be titrated to the maximum number of tablets equivalent to maximum dose of metformin.
Placebo
Matching to metformin 1000 mg BI
Liraglutide + Metformin
Liraglutide + open-label Metformin. Liraglutide will be titrated to the maximum dose tolerated (up to 1.8 mg/day) after which metformin will be titrated to the maximum dose tolerated (up to 2000 mg/day).
Metformin
Titrated to 1000 mg BID
Liraglutide
Titrated to 1.8 mg/day
Interventions
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Metformin
Titrated to 1000 mg BID
Liraglutide
Titrated to 1.8 mg/day
Glargine
Titrated to target fasting glucose \<90 mg/dl
Placebo
Matching to metformin 1000 mg BI
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
2. Age 20-65 years
3. Body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 but ≤50 kg/m2
4. Self-reported diabetes \<1 year in duration
5. Drug naïve (no prior to oral glucose lowering agent(s), insulin or other injectable glucose lowering agents)
Exclusion Criteria
2. An underlying disease that affects glucose metabolism other than type 2 diabetes
3. Taking medications that affect glucose metabolism, or has an underlying condition that is likely to require such medications
4. Active infections
5. Renal disease (serum creatinine \>1.4 mg/dl for men; \>1.3 mg/dl for women) or serum potassium abnormality (\<3.4 or \>5.5 mmol/l)
6. Anemia (hemoglobin \<11 g/dl in women, \<12 g/dl in men) or known coagulopathy
7. Cardiovascular disease, including uncontrolled hypertension. Participants must be able to safely tolerate administration of intravenous fluids required during clamp studies.
8. History of conditions that may be precipitated or exacerbated by a study drug:
1. Pancreatitis
2. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) more than 3 times the upper limit of normal
3. Excessive alcohol intake
4. Suboptimally treated thyroid disease
5. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid or MEN-2 (in participant or a family history)
6. Hypertriglyceridemia (\>400 mg/dl despite treatment)
9. Conditions or behaviors likely to affect the conduct of the RISE Study
1. Unable or unwilling to give informed consent
2. Unable to adequately communicate with clinic staff
3. Another household member is a participant or staff member in RISE
4. Current, recent or anticipated participation in another intervention research project that would interfere with any of the interventions/outcomes in RISE
5. Weight loss of \>5% in past three months for any reason other than post-partum weight loss. Participants taking weight loss drugs or using preparations taken for intended weight loss are excluded.
6. Likely to move away from participating clinics in next two years
7. Women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to use adequate contraception
8. Current (or anticipated) pregnancy and lactation.
9. Major psychiatric disorder that, in the opinion of clinic staff, would impede the conduct of RISE
10. Additional conditions may serve as criteria for exclusion at the discretion of the local site.
20 Years
65 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
NIH
RISE Study Group
NETWORK
Responsible Party
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Locations
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Jesse Brown VA Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois, United States
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Indiana University
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
VA Puget Sound Health Care System
Seattle, Washington, United States
Countries
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References
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RISE Consortium. Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE): design of studies of beta-cell preservation in prediabetes and early type 2 diabetes across the life span. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(3):780-8. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1879. Epub 2013 Nov 5.
Hannon TS, Kahn SE, Utzschneider KM, Buchanan TA, Nadeau KJ, Zeitler PS, Ehrmann DA, Arslanian SA, Caprio S, Edelstein SL, Savage PJ, Mather KJ; RISE Consortium. Review of methods for measuring beta-cell function: Design considerations from the Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) Consortium. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018 Jan;20(1):14-24. doi: 10.1111/dom.13005. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
Tjaden AH, Edelstein SL, Arslanian S, Barengolts E, Caprio S, Cree-Green M, Lteif A, Mather KJ, Savoye M, Xiang AH, Kahn SE. Reproducibility of Glycemic Measures Among Dysglycemic Youth and Adults in the RISE Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Sep 18;108(10):e1125-e1133. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad135.
Utzschneider KM, Ehrmann DA, Arslanian SA, Barengolts E, Buchanan TA, Caprio S, Edelstein SL, Hannon TS, Kahn SE, Kozedub A, Mather KJ, Nadeau KJ, Sam S, Tripputi M, Xiang AH, El Ghormli L; RISE Consortium. Weight loss and beta-cell responses following gastric banding or pharmacotherapy in adults with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022 Aug;30(8):1579-1588. doi: 10.1002/oby.23475.
Utzschneider KM, Tripputi MT, Kozedub A, Barengolts E, Caprio S, Cree-Green M, Edelstein SL, El Ghormli L, Hannon TS, Mather KJ, Palmer J, Nadeau KJ; RISE Consortium. Differential loss of beta-cell function in youth vs. adults following treatment withdrawal in the Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Aug;178:108948. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108948. Epub 2021 Jul 15.
Kahn SE, Edelstein SL, Arslanian SA, Barengolts E, Caprio S, Ehrmann DA, Hannon TS, Marcovina S, Mather KJ, Nadeau KJ, Utzschneider KM, Xiang AH, Buchanan TA; RISE Consortium; Rise Consortium Investigators:. Effect of Medical and Surgical Interventions on alpha-Cell Function in Dysglycemic Youth and Adults in the RISE Study. Diabetes Care. 2021 Sep;44(9):1948-1960. doi: 10.2337/dc21-0461. Epub 2021 Jun 16.
Sam S, Edelstein SL, Arslanian SA, Barengolts E, Buchanan TA, Caprio S, Ehrmann DA, Hannon TS, Tjaden AH, Kahn SE, Mather KJ, Tripputi M, Utzschneider KM, Xiang AH, Nadeau KJ; RISE Consortium; RISE Consortium Investigators. Baseline Predictors of Glycemic Worsening in Youth and Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in the Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) Study. Diabetes Care. 2021 Sep;44(9):1938-1947. doi: 10.2337/dc21-0027. Epub 2021 Jun 15.
Kahn SE, Mather KJ, Arslanian SA, Barengolts E, Buchanan TA, Caprio S, Ehrmann DA, Hannon TS, Marcovina S, Nadeau KJ, Utzschneider KM, Xiang AH, Edelstein SL; RISE Consortium; Rise Consortium Investigators:. Hyperglucagonemia Does Not Explain the beta-Cell Hyperresponsiveness and Insulin Resistance in Dysglycemic Youth Compared With Adults: Lessons From the RISE Study. Diabetes Care. 2021 Sep;44(9):1961-1969. doi: 10.2337/dc21-0460. Epub 2021 Jun 15.
Arslanian SA, El Ghormli L, Kim JY, Tjaden AH, Barengolts E, Caprio S, Hannon TS, Mather KJ, Nadeau KJ, Utzschneider KM, Kahn SE; RISE Consortium. OGTT Glucose Response Curves, Insulin Sensitivity, and beta-Cell Function in RISE: Comparison Between Youth and Adults at Randomization and in Response to Interventions to Preserve beta-Cell Function. Diabetes Care. 2021 Mar;44(3):817-825. doi: 10.2337/dc20-2134. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
Gnesin F, Thuesen ACB, Kahler LKA, Madsbad S, Hemmingsen B. Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jun 5;6(6):CD012906. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012906.pub2.
RISE Consortium. Obesity and insulin sensitivity effects on cardiovascular risk factors: Comparisons of obese dysglycemic youth and adults. Pediatr Diabetes. 2019 Nov;20(7):849-860. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12883. Epub 2019 Jul 29.
RISE Consortium. Lack of Durable Improvements in beta-Cell Function Following Withdrawal of Pharmacological Interventions in Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2019 Sep;42(9):1742-1751. doi: 10.2337/dc19-0556. Epub 2019 Jun 9.
RISE Consortium; RISE Consortium Investigators. Effects of Treatment of Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes With Metformin Alone or in Combination With Insulin Glargine on beta-Cell Function: Comparison of Responses In Youth And Adults. Diabetes. 2019 Aug;68(8):1670-1680. doi: 10.2337/db19-0299. Epub 2019 Jun 9.
RISE Consortium. Metabolic Contrasts Between Youth and Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: II. Observations Using the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Diabetes Care. 2018 Aug;41(8):1707-1716. doi: 10.2337/dc18-0243. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
RISE Consortium. Metabolic Contrasts Between Youth and Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: I. Observations Using the Hyperglycemic Clamp. Diabetes Care. 2018 Aug;41(8):1696-1706. doi: 10.2337/dc18-0244. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol
Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan
Other Identifiers
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RISE Adult
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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