Effect of Nitroglycerin Ointment on Mastectomy Flap Necrosis

NCT ID: NCT01608880

Last Updated: 2014-09-10

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

154 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2012-08-31

Study Completion Date

2014-06-30

Brief Summary

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Background:

Mastectomy flap necrosis (MFN) is a common complication that affects recovery, reconstructive success and aesthetic outcome. Nitroglycerin (NTG) ointment is a potent topical vasodilator that increases local blood flow by dilating arteries and veins without altering the ratio of pre- to post-capillary resistance. There are no studies that evaluate whether the application of NTG ointment in patients undergoing Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) or nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) and immediate reconstruction decreases the rate of mastectomy flap necrosis.

Objective:

To evaluate if the post-operative application of NTG ointment improve rates of MFN in patients undergoing SSM or NSM with immediate breast reconstruction compared to patients receiving placebo.

Hypothesis:

In patients undergoing SSM and immediate breast reconstruction there will be a decrease in the rate of MFN in those who receive NTG ointment compared to those who receive placebo.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Mastectomy Flap Necrosis

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Polysporin Control

Patients in control group will receive polysporin ointment application. Polysporin ointment will be made to look like Nitroglycerin ointment.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Polysporin ointment

Intervention Type DRUG

Polysporin ointment will be applied as the control ointment on the mastectomy flap skin at the end of surgery. A maximum of 7.5cm strip of ointment will be applied to the skin.

Nitroglycerin

Patients in treatment group will receive nitroglycerin ointment application

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

nitroglycerin ointment

Intervention Type DRUG

Nitroglycerin ointment will be applied to mastectomy skin flaps at the end of surgery. A maximum of 7.5cm strip of 2% Nitroglycerin ointment will be applied (equivalent to a maximal dose of 45mg)

Interventions

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nitroglycerin ointment

Nitroglycerin ointment will be applied to mastectomy skin flaps at the end of surgery. A maximum of 7.5cm strip of 2% Nitroglycerin ointment will be applied (equivalent to a maximal dose of 45mg)

Intervention Type DRUG

Polysporin ointment

Polysporin ointment will be applied as the control ointment on the mastectomy flap skin at the end of surgery. A maximum of 7.5cm strip of ointment will be applied to the skin.

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients who undergo SSM or NSM with immediate alloplastic or autologous breast reconstruction
* Unilateral and bilateral cases (in bilateral cases only the mastectomy performed by the general surgeon will be included. This will avoid the potential effect of absorption of nitroglycerin from one breast to the other)
* Patients older than 21 and less than 65

Exclusion Criteria

* Patient declining inclusion in the study
* Patient with medical history that precludes the administration of nitroglycerin, i.e. a medical history significant for

* Acute circulatory failure accompanied by clear hypotension
* Myocardial insufficiency related to obstruction
* Use of sildenafil, vardenafil \& tadalafil
* Use of beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics or phenothiazides
* Salicylates (ASA)
* Alteplase
* Recent history of MI or cardiac insufficiency
* Anemia, severe
* Cerebral hemorrhage or recent head trauma
* Glaucoma
* Hepatic function impairment, severe
* Hyperthyroidism
* Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
* Hypotension
* Sensitivity to nitrites
* Patient with a history of mantle radiation
* Patient with an allergy to polysporin or any of its ingredients
Minimum Eligible Age

21 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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University of British Columbia

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Sheina Macadam, MD, MSc, FRCSC

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of British Columbia

Perry Gdalevitch, MD, FRCSC

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of British Columbia

Locations

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Mount Saint Joseph Hospital

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Site Status

Vancouver General Hospital

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Site Status

University of British Columbia Hospital

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Site Status

Countries

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Canada

References

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Kutun S, Ay AA, Ulucanlar H, Tarcan O, Ay A, Aldan M, Gorkem G, Demir A, Cetin A. Is transdermal nitroglycerin application effective in preventing and healing flap ischaemia after modified radical mastectomy? S Afr J Surg. 2010 Nov;48(4):119-21.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21542401 (View on PubMed)

Fan Z, He J. Preventing necrosis of the skin flaps with nitroglycerin after radical resection for breast cancer. J Surg Oncol. 1993 Jul;53(3):210. doi: 10.1002/jso.2930530319. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 8331946 (View on PubMed)

Rohrich RJ, Cherry GW, Spira M. Enhancement of skin-flap survival using nitroglycerin ointment. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1984 Jun;73(6):943-8. doi: 10.1097/00006534-198406000-00016.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 6427801 (View on PubMed)

Wong AF, McCulloch LM, Sola A. Treatment of peripheral tissue ischemia with topical nitroglycerin ointment in neonates. J Pediatr. 1992 Dec;121(6):980-3. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)80356-7.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 1447671 (View on PubMed)

Jones JT, Stenson MA, Spannagel BD, Robinson DD. Treatment of pressure ulcers with nitropaste. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Jul;45(7):895. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01528.x. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 9215351 (View on PubMed)

Nelson R. Non surgical therapy for anal fissure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD003431. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003431.pub2.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17054170 (View on PubMed)

Fenton C, Wellington K, Easthope SE. 0.4% nitroglycerin ointment : in the treatment of chronic anal fissure pain. Drugs. 2006;66(3):343-9. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200666030-00006.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16526822 (View on PubMed)

Rao R, Saint-Cyr M, Ma AM, Bowling M, Hatef DA, Andrews V, Xie XJ, Zogakis T, Rohrich R. Prediction of post-operative necrosis after mastectomy: a pilot study utilizing optical diffusion imaging spectroscopy. World J Surg Oncol. 2009 Nov 25;7:91. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-7-91.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19939277 (View on PubMed)

Losken A, Styblo TM, Schaefer TG, Carlson GW. The use of fluorescein dye as a predictor of mastectomy skin flap viability following autologous tissue reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2008 Jul;61(1):24-9. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e318156621d.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18580145 (View on PubMed)

Chun YS, Verma K, Rosen H, Lipsitz SR, Breuing K, Guo L, Golshan M, Grigorian N, Eriksson E. Use of tumescent mastectomy technique as a risk factor for native breast skin flap necrosis following immediate breast reconstruction. Am J Surg. 2011 Feb;201(2):160-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.12.011. Epub 2010 Apr 20.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20409522 (View on PubMed)

Antony AK, Mehrara BM, McCarthy CM, Zhong T, Kropf N, Disa JJ, Pusic A, Cordeiro PG. Salvage of tissue expander in the setting of mastectomy flap necrosis: a 13-year experience using timed excision with continued expansion. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Aug;124(2):356-363. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181aee9a3.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19644248 (View on PubMed)

Kroll SS, Ames F, Singletary SE, Schusterman MA. The oncologic risks of skin preservation at mastectomy when combined with immediate reconstruction of the breast. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1991 Jan;172(1):17-20.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 1985335 (View on PubMed)

Patani N, Mokbel K. Oncological and aesthetic considerations of skin-sparing mastectomy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Oct;111(3):391-403. doi: 10.1007/s10549-007-9801-7. Epub 2007 Oct 28.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17965954 (View on PubMed)

Foster RD, Esserman LJ, Anthony JP, Hwang ES, Do H. Skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction: a prospective cohort study for the treatment of advanced stages of breast carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002 Jun;9(5):462-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02557269.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 12052757 (View on PubMed)

Garwood ER, Moore D, Ewing C, Hwang ES, Alvarado M, Foster RD, Esserman LJ. Total skin-sparing mastectomy: complications and local recurrence rates in 2 cohorts of patients. Ann Surg. 2009 Jan;249(1):26-32. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31818e41a7.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19106672 (View on PubMed)

Sacchini V, Pinotti JA, Barros AC, Luini A, Pluchinotta A, Pinotti M, Boratto MG, Ricci MD, Ruiz CA, Nisida AC, Veronesi P, Petit J, Arnone P, Bassi F, Disa JJ, Garcia-Etienne CA, Borgen PI. Nipple-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer and risk reduction: oncologic or technical problem? J Am Coll Surg. 2006 Nov;203(5):704-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.07.015. Epub 2006 Sep 11.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17084333 (View on PubMed)

Crowe JP, Patrick RJ, Yetman RJ, Djohan R. Nipple-sparing mastectomy update: one hundred forty-nine procedures and clinical outcomes. Arch Surg. 2008 Nov;143(11):1106-10; discussion 1110. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.143.11.1106.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19015470 (View on PubMed)

Gdalevitch P, Brasher P, Macadam S. Reply: Effects of Nitroglycerin Ointment on Mastectomy Flap Necrosis in Immediate Breast Reconstruction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016 Apr;137(4):748e. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000481832.83256.5d. No abstract available.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 27018703 (View on PubMed)

Gdalevitch P, Van Laeken N, Bahng S, Ho A, Bovill E, Lennox P, Brasher P, Macadam S. Effects of nitroglycerin ointment on mastectomy flap necrosis in immediate breast reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 Jun;135(6):1530-1539. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001237.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 26017589 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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H12-01161

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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