Cognitive Therapy for Unipolar Depression: Efficacy of a Dilemma-Focused Intervention

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

128 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2011-11-30

Study Completion Date

2015-05-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a brief psychological intervention focused on the personal dilemmas identified for each depressive patient. For that, this intervention is combined to group cognitive therapy (an already proven efficacious format) and compared to cognitive individual therapy.

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Detailed Description

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Depression is one of the more severe and serious health problems because of its morbidity, disabling effects and for its societal and economic burden. Despite the variety of existing pharmacological and psychological treatments most of the cases evolve with only partial remission, relapse and recurrence.

Cognitive models made a significant contribution in the understanding of unipolar depression and its psychological treatment. Even though, success is only partial and many authors affirm the need to improve those models and also the treatment programs derived from them. One of the issues that requires further elaboration is the difficulty these patients experience in responding to treatment and in maintaining therapeutic gains across time without relapse or recurrence.

Our research group has been working in the notion of cognitive conflict viewed as personal dilemma according to personal construct theory. The investigators use a novel method for identifying those conflicts using the repertory grid technique. Preliminary results with depressive patients show that more than 90% of them have one or more of those conflicts. This fact might explain the blockage and the difficult progress of these patients, especially the more severe and/or chronic. These results justify the need for specific interventions focused in the resolution of these internal conflicts.

This study aims to empirically test the hypothesis that an intervention focused on the dilemma(s) specifically detected for each patient will contribute to enhance the efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for depression. A therapy manual for this approach will be tested using a randomized clinical trial by comparing the outcome of two treatment conditions: a CBT treatment package and another package combining cognitive-behavioral and dilemma-focused interventions. The investigators expect that this combined package will increase the efficacy of CBT, one of the more prestigious therapies for depression, this resulting in a significant contribution for its treatment.

Conditions

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Major Depressive Disorder Dysthymic Disorder

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Investigators

Study Groups

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Cognitive Behavioral + Dilemma Therapy

Combines Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with a Individual Dilemma-Focused Intervention

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Combined Cognitive Behavioral and Dilemma-Focused Therapy

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

7 2-hour sessions of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression + 8 individual sessions of a Dilemma-Focused Intervention + 1 3-hour final group session. Manualized.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Combined Group and Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. Format: 7 2-hour sessions in group + 8 individual sessions + 1 3-hour final group session. Manualized.

Interventions

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Combined Cognitive Behavioral and Dilemma-Focused Therapy

7 2-hour sessions of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression + 8 individual sessions of a Dilemma-Focused Intervention + 1 3-hour final group session. Manualized.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression. Format: 7 2-hour sessions in group + 8 individual sessions + 1 3-hour final group session. Manualized.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Other Intervention Names

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Personal Construct Therapy Cognitive Therapy

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Meeting diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or Dysthymic Disorder (DD) according to the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2002) criteria a assessed using SCID-I
* A score above 19 on the BDI-II Questionnaire
* Presenting at leat one cognitive conflict (implicative dilemma or dilemmatic construct) as assessed using the Repertory Grid Technique
* Enough level of competence to communicate in Spanish or Catalan

Exclusion Criteria

* Bipolar disorders
* Psychotic symptoms
* Substance abuse
* Organic brain dysfunction
* Mental retardation
* Serious suicidal ideation
* Receiving psychological treatment (unless it is suspended at the time of inclusion in the study itself, in agreement with the patient and the practitioner applying it)
* Substantial visual, hearing or cognitive deficits

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No