Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention Trial

NCT ID: NCT01288352

Last Updated: 2020-07-23

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

2789 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2011-07-01

Study Completion Date

2020-05-31

Brief Summary

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EAST prospectively tests the hypothesis that an early, structured rhythm control therapy based on antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation can prevent atrial fibrillation (AF) related complications in patients with AF when compared to usual care.

Patients will be randomized to early therapy or usual care. In the early therapy group, patients will receive either catheter ablation (usually by pulmonary vein isolation), or adequate antiarrhythmic drug therapy at an early time point. The initial therapy will be selected by the local investigator. Upon AF recurrence, both modalities will be combined.

Usual care will be conducted following the 2010European Society of Cardiology ( ESC )guidelines for AF treatment. Early rhythm control therapy will be guided by Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Atrial Fibrillation Stroke

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Usual care

Usual care closely follows the suggestions laid out in the current European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for AF treatment. In addition to antithrombotic therapy and therapy of underlying heart disease, usual care usually consists of an initial attempt to control symptoms by rate control therapy. Rhythm control interventions are recommended when symptoms can not be controlled by optimal rate control therapy in the usual care group.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

early standardised rhythm control

Patients in the early therapy group will be treated following the same therapeutic recommendations of the ESC guidelines as the usual care group. In addition, rhythm control therapy will be initiated early with the aim of preventing recurrence and delaying or preventing progression of AF.

Early-onset rhythm control therapy can consist of:

1. Optimal antiarrhythmic drug therapy (Dronedarone, Amiodarone, Flecainide, Propafenone),
2. Catheter ablation with the aim of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI),
3. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy and catheter ablation may be supplemented by early cardioversion in patients with persistent AF.

All individual treatment decisions will be taken by the treating study physician considering the labelling of the procedures and drugs and patient preferences.

Group Type OTHER

early standardised rhythm control

Intervention Type OTHER

Patients in the early therapy group will be treated following the same therapeutic recommendations of the ESC guidelines as the usual care group. In addition, rhythm control therapy will be initiated early with the aim of preventing recurrence and delaying or preventing progression of AF.

Early-onset rhythm control therapy can consist of:

1. Optimal antiarrhythmic drug therapy
2. Catheter ablation with the aim of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI),
3. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy and catheter ablation may be combined and supplemented by early cardioversion in patients with persistent AF.

All individual treatment decisions will be taken by the treating study physician considering the labelling of the procedures and drugs and patient preferences.

Interventions

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early standardised rhythm control

Patients in the early therapy group will be treated following the same therapeutic recommendations of the ESC guidelines as the usual care group. In addition, rhythm control therapy will be initiated early with the aim of preventing recurrence and delaying or preventing progression of AF.

Early-onset rhythm control therapy can consist of:

1. Optimal antiarrhythmic drug therapy
2. Catheter ablation with the aim of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI),
3. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy and catheter ablation may be combined and supplemented by early cardioversion in patients with persistent AF.

All individual treatment decisions will be taken by the treating study physician considering the labelling of the procedures and drugs and patient preferences.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Recent-onset AF (≤ 1 year prior to enrolment)
2. At least one ECG within recent 12 months that documents AF whereas the AF episode must last longer than 30 sec.
3. One of the following:

* age \> 75 years or
* prior stroke or transient ischemic attack

OR two of the following:
* age \> 65 years,
* female sex,
* arterial hypertension (chronic treatment for hypertension, estimated need for continuous antihypertensive therapy or resting blood pressure \> 145/90 mmHg),
* diabetes mellitus (treated by drugs or insulin) or impaired glucose tolerance
* severe coronary artery disease (previous myocardial infarction, CABG or PCI)
* stable heart failure (NYHA II or LVEF \<50%),
* left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiography (more than 15 mm wall thickness),
* chronic kidney disease (MDRD stage III or IV),
* peripheral artery disease.
4. Provision of signed informed consent.
5. Age ≥ 18 years.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Any disease that limits life expectancy to less than 1 year.
2. Participation in another clinical trial, either within the past two months or ongoing
3. Previous participation in the EAST trial.
4. Pregnant women or women of childbearing potential not on adequate birth control: only women with a highly effective method of contraception \[oral contraception or intra-uterine device (IUD)\] or sterile women can be randomized.
5. Breastfeeding women.
6. Drug abuse.
7. Prior AF ablation or surgical therapy of AF.
8. Previous therapy failure on amiodarone, e.g. patients who suffered from symptomatic recurrent AF that required escalation of therapy while on amiodarone.
9. Patients not suitable for rhythm control of AF.
10. Severe mitral valve stenosis.
11. Prosthetic mitral valve.
12. Clinically relevant hepatic dysfunction requiring specific therapy.
13. Clinically manifest thyroid dysfunction requiring therapy. After successful treatment of thyroid dysfunction, patients may be enrolled when their thyroid function is controlled.
14. Severe renal dysfunction (stage V, requiring or almost requiring dialysis).
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Sanofi

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

Abbott

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

The German Heart Foundation

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

BMBF (German Ministry for Science)

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK)

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Atrial Fibrillation Network

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Paulus Kirchhof, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center UKE Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

Locations

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14 Sites

Different, , Belgium

Site Status

4 Sites

Different, , Czechia

Site Status

2 Sites

Different, , Denmark

Site Status

2 Sites

Different, , France

Site Status

51 Sites

Different, , Germany

Site Status

12 Sites

Different, , Italy

Site Status

13 Sites

Different, , Netherlands

Site Status

5 Sites

Different, , Poland

Site Status

10 Sites

Different, , Spain

Site Status

5 Sites

Different, , Switzerland

Site Status

22 Sites

Different, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Countries

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Belgium Czechia Denmark France Germany Italy Netherlands Poland Spain Switzerland United Kingdom

References

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International Landmark EAST Study Inverstigates Treatment Options for Atrial Fibrillation

Reference Type RESULT

Metzner A, Willems S, Borof K, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Crijns HJGM, Eckardt L, Fabritz L, Gessler N, Goette A, Reissmann B, Schnabel RB, Schotten U, Zapf A, Rillig A, Kirchhof P. Diabetes and Obesity and Treatment Effect of Early Rhythm Control vs Usual Care in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Secondary Analysis of the EAST-AFNET 4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2025 Sep 1;10(9):932-941. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2025.2374.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40737012 (View on PubMed)

Rottner L, Lemoine MD, Eckardt L, Borof K, Camm AJ, Goette A, Breithardt G, Metzner A, Schotten U, Zapf A, Heidbuchel H, Willems S, Crijns H, Schnabel RB, Fabritz L, Magnussen C, Rillig A, Kirchhof P. Safety and efficacy of amiodarone and dronedarone for early rhythm control in EAST-AFNET 4. Clin Res Cardiol. 2025 May 19. doi: 10.1007/s00392-025-02637-0. Online ahead of print.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40387892 (View on PubMed)

Kirchhof P, Camm AJ, Crijns HJGM, Piccini JP, Torp-Pedersen C, McKindley DS, Wieloch M, Hohnloser SH. Dronedarone provides effective early rhythm control: post-hoc analysis of the ATHENA trial using EAST-AFNET 4 criteria. Europace. 2025 Mar 28;27(4):euaf080. doi: 10.1093/europace/euaf080.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40295782 (View on PubMed)

Rillig A, Eckardt L, Borof K, Camm AJ, Crijns HJGM, Goette A, Breithardt G, Lemoine MD, Metzner A, Rottner L, Schotten U, Vettorazzi E, Wegscheider K, Zapf A, Heidbuchel H, Willems S, Fabritz L, Schnabel RB, Magnussen C, Kirchhof P. Safety and efficacy of long-term sodium channel blocker therapy for early rhythm control: the EAST-AFNET 4 trial. Europace. 2024 Jun 3;26(6):euae121. doi: 10.1093/europace/euae121.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38702961 (View on PubMed)

Kany S, Al-Taie C, Roselli C, Pirruccello JP, Borof K, Reinbold C, Suling A, Krause L, Reissmann B, Schnabel RB, Zeller T, Zapf A, Wegscheider K, Fabritz L, Ellinor PT, Kirchhof P. Association of genetic risk and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: interactions with early rhythm control in the EAST-AFNET4 trial. Cardiovasc Res. 2023 Aug 7;119(9):1799-1810. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvad027.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37264683 (View on PubMed)

Van Gelder IC, Ekrami NK, Borof K, Fetsch T, Magnussen C, Mulder BA, Schnabel R, Wegscheider K, Rienstra M, Kirchhof P; EAST-AFNET 4 Trial Investigators. Sex Differences in Early Rhythm Control of Atrial Fibrillation in the EAST-AFNET 4 Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023 Feb 28;81(8):845-847. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.12.011. No abstract available.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36813380 (View on PubMed)

Jensen M, Suling A, Metzner A, Schnabel RB, Borof K, Goette A, Haeusler KG, Zapf A, Wegscheider K, Fabritz L, Diener HC, Thomalla G, Kirchhof P. Early rhythm-control therapy for atrial fibrillation in patients with a history of stroke: a subgroup analysis of the EAST-AFNET 4 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2023 Jan;22(1):45-54. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00436-7.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36517170 (View on PubMed)

Eckardt L, Sehner S, Suling A, Borof K, Breithardt G, Crijns H, Goette A, Wegscheider K, Zapf A, Camm J, Metzner A, Kirchhof P. Attaining sinus rhythm mediates improved outcome with early rhythm control therapy of atrial fibrillation: the EAST-AFNET 4 trial. Eur Heart J. 2022 Oct 21;43(40):4127-4144. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac471.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36036648 (View on PubMed)

Rillig A, Borof K, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Crijns HJGM, Goette A, Kuck KH, Metzner A, Vardas P, Vettorazzi E, Wegscheider K, Zapf A, Kirchhof P. Early Rhythm Control in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and High Comorbidity Burden. Circulation. 2022 Sep 13;146(11):836-847. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060274. Epub 2022 Aug 15.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 35968706 (View on PubMed)

Goette A, Borof K, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Crijns HJGM, Kuck KH, Wegscheider K, Kirchhof P; EAST-AFNET 4 Investigators. Presenting Pattern of Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes of Early Rhythm Control Therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Jul 26;80(4):283-295. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.04.058.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 35863844 (View on PubMed)

Willems S, Borof K, Brandes A, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Crijns HJGM, Eckardt L, Gessler N, Goette A, Haegeli LM, Heidbuchel H, Kautzner J, Ng GA, Schnabel RB, Suling A, Szumowski L, Themistoclakis S, Vardas P, van Gelder IC, Wegscheider K, Kirchhof P. Systematic, early rhythm control strategy for atrial fibrillation in patients with or without symptoms: the EAST-AFNET 4 trial. Eur Heart J. 2022 Mar 21;43(12):1219-1230. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab593.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34447995 (View on PubMed)

Rillig A, Magnussen C, Ozga AK, Suling A, Brandes A, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Crijns HJGM, Eckardt L, Elvan A, Goette A, Gulizia M, Haegeli L, Heidbuchel H, Kuck KH, Ng A, Szumowski L, van Gelder I, Wegscheider K, Kirchhof P. Early Rhythm Control Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure. Circulation. 2021 Sep 14;144(11):845-858. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056323. Epub 2021 Jul 30.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34328366 (View on PubMed)

Kirchhof P, Camm AJ, Goette A, Brandes A, Eckardt L, Elvan A, Fetsch T, van Gelder IC, Haase D, Haegeli LM, Hamann F, Heidbuchel H, Hindricks G, Kautzner J, Kuck KH, Mont L, Ng GA, Rekosz J, Schoen N, Schotten U, Suling A, Taggeselle J, Themistoclakis S, Vettorazzi E, Vardas P, Wegscheider K, Willems S, Crijns HJGM, Breithardt G; EAST-AFNET 4 Trial Investigators. Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 1;383(14):1305-1316. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2019422. Epub 2020 Aug 29.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 32865375 (View on PubMed)

Kirchhof P, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Crijns HJ, Kuck KH, Vardas P, Wegscheider K. Improving outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: rationale and design of the Early treatment of Atrial fibrillation for Stroke prevention Trial. Am Heart J. 2013 Sep;166(3):442-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.05.015. Epub 2013 Jul 30.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 24016492 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2010-021258-20

Identifier Type: EUDRACT_NUMBER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

EAST- AFNET 4

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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