Cytokines Evaluation in Early Calcineurin Inhibitors Withdrawn on Renal Transplant

NCT ID: NCT01239472

Last Updated: 2020-02-07

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2011-01-31

Study Completion Date

2015-06-30

Brief Summary

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Currently, acute kidney injury is diagnosed by increased serum creatinine. However, creatinine is not a reliable marker for acute changes in renal function.

The biology of the renal graft is influenced by chemokines from reperfusion (just after the kidney transplant) and throughout its course, when acute and chronic inflammatory changes occurs. Moreover, the evaluation of changes in urinary cytokines reflects kidney interstitial patterns, and can predict renal function, acute rejection episodes and their response to treatment.

Today there are several studies comparing the relative immunosuppression of renal function, but few noticed its relationship with cytokines and chemokines. Thus, we proposed studying the inflammatory consequences of early calcineurin inhibitors (ICN) withdrawing in transplant patients by urine analysis. Kidney biopsy was done before ICN withdrawn and replaced by everolimus (3 months after transplant), and 1 year after transplant.

Detailed Description

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1. Research objectives

OBJECTIVES

Main Objectives:

• Evaluate the urinary chemokines in kidney transplant patients taking prednisone, tacrolimus and mycophenolate sodium compared to those in use prednisone, mycophenolate sodium and everolimus as maintenance immunosuppression.

Secondary Objectives:

• Assess renal function (serum creatinine and its clearance estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault) and a composite outcome (acute rejection, graft loss, death and abandonment of the study) in patients taking prednisone, tacrolimus and mycophenolate sodium compared to those taking prednisone, mycophenolate sodium and everolimus as maintenance immunosuppression.
2. Scientific background, relevance and justification of the research

In current clinical practice, acute kidney injury is typically diagnosed by measuring serum creatinine. Unfortunately, creatinine is an unreliable indicator during acute changes in kidney function. First, serum creatinine concentrations may not change until about 50% of kidney function has already been lost. Second, serum creatinine does not accurately depict kidney function until a steady state has been reached, which may require several days. Chemokines can influence at least three aspects of the biology of the renal graft: 1 - the restoration of blood flow in the graft can lead to injury type ischemia / reperfusion in which chemokines recruit leukocytes; 2 - receptor responses to infection during immune suppression involve chemokines and 3 - the inflammatory components in the acute rejection (RA) and interstitial fibrosis / tubular atrophy (IF/TA) are controlled by chemokines.

Current data have showed urinary cytokines predicting renal function by months in renal transplanted patients. In the evaluation of urinary cytokines and chemokines in the presence of acute rejection, taken together the studies reported elevations of urinary levels of Protein-3 alpha (MIP-3α/CCL20), interleuxin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8), interleuxin-6 (IL-6), tumoral necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin- 10 (IP-10), interferon (IFN), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 / CCL2), Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IL-10), Monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG/CXCL9), Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC/CXCL11), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5). As predictors of complications and future changes in renal function, levels of Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10) were associated with renal function 6 months and 4 years after transplantation (15-16). IP-10/CXCL10, MIG/CXCL9, G protein-coupled receptor 9 (GPR9/CXCR3), RANTES/CCL5 and the percentage of binding of interleukin-2 (IL-2) were associated with the occurrence of RA. IP-10/CXCL10 and MIG/CXCL9 were also considered useful as predictors of response to treatment of RA. Nankivell et al reported in 2003 that after 1year of renal transplant, 94% of patients present with chronic rejection grade I (BANFF score) and 76% present with calcineurin nephrotoxicity, although there is insufficient data about urinary cytokines at these situations. And adding new information, Hu et al reported in 2009 urinary major intrinsic protein-delta (MIP-δ), osteoprotegerin (OPG), IP-10/CXCL10, MIG/CXCL9 as good biomarkers for acute renal rejection and IF/TA.

Nowadays there is a lot of studies comparing immunosuppression in relation to renal function but not so much in relation to chemokines and cytokines, which are more representative of allograft inflammation and fibrosis.

So, we proposed studying the inflammatory consequences of early CNI withdrawn in renal transplant patients before the immunosuppression modification (3 months after transplant) and 1 year after kidney transplant.

Conditions

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Renal Transplant Rejection Immunosuppression

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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tacrolimus

Kidney transplant patients with living or deceased donors using tacrolimus, mycophenolate sodium and prednisone.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

everolimus

Kidney transplant patients with living or deceased donors using tacrolimus, mycophenolate sodium and prednisone, and converted for everolimus, mycophenolate sodium, and prednisone 90 days after renal transplantation.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Everolimus

Intervention Type DRUG

Replacement of tacrolimus by everolimus, 30 days after transplat. It was done after kidney biopsy (excluding acute rejection), blood and urine analysis.

Interventions

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Everolimus

Replacement of tacrolimus by everolimus, 30 days after transplat. It was done after kidney biopsy (excluding acute rejection), blood and urine analysis.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Certican

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients over 18 years old and under 65 years old
* Recipients of first kidney transplant
* Donor younger than 65 years old
* PRA (panel reactive antigen) ≤ 30% in class I or class II
* No acute rejection episodes
* Proteinuria \<1000 mg / day

Exclusion Criteria

* multiple organ transplant recipient
* Chronic liver failure
* Asymptomatic bacteriuria or urinary infection at randomization time
* Creatinine ≥ 2 mg / dL at randomization time (90 days after transplant)
* Presence of uncontrolled hypercholesterolemia (≥ 350 mg / dL, ≥ 9.1 mmol / L) or hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 500 mg / dL, ≥ 5.6 mmol / L) at randomization time (90 days after transplant)
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Novartis

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

Andre Barreto Pereira

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Andre Barreto Pereira

MD, Msc, PhD

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Andre B Pereira, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Marieta Konder Bornhausen Hospital and Maternity

Locations

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Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Belo Horizonte

Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Site Status

Countries

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Brazil

References

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Devarajan P. Emerging biomarkers of acute kidney injury. Contrib Nephrol. 2007;156:203-12. doi: 10.1159/000102085.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17464129 (View on PubMed)

Hu H, Knechtle SJ. Elevation of multiple cytokines/chemokines in urine of human renal transplant recipients with acute and chronic injuries: potential usage for diagnosis and monitoring. Transpl Rev 2006;20:165-71

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Ruster M, Sperschneider H, Funfstuck R, Stein G, Grone HJ. Differential expression of beta-chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES and their receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR5 in acute rejection and chronic allograft nephropathy of human renal allografts. Clin Nephrol. 2004 Jan;61(1):30-9. doi: 10.5414/cnp61030.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14964455 (View on PubMed)

Sibbring JS, Sharma A, McDicken IW, Sells RA, Christmas SE. Localization of C-X-C and C-C chemokines to renal tubular epithelial cells in human kidney transplants is not confined to acute cellular rejection. Transpl Immunol. 1998 Dec;6(4):203-8. doi: 10.1016/s0966-3274(98)80009-9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10342733 (View on PubMed)

Di Paolo S, Gesualdo L, Stallone G, Ranieri E, Schena FP. Renal expression and urinary concentration of EGF and IL-6 in acutely dysfunctioning kidney transplanted patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997 Dec;12(12):2687-93. doi: 10.1093/ndt/12.12.2687.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9430873 (View on PubMed)

Smith SD, Wheeler MA, Lorber MI, Weiss RM. Temporal changes of cytokines and nitric oxide products in urine from renal transplant patients. Kidney Int. 2000 Aug;58(2):829-37. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00232.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10916108 (View on PubMed)

Jimenez R, Ramirez R, Carracedo J, Aguera M, Navarro D, Santamaria R, Perez R, Del Castillo D, Aljama P. Cytometric bead array (CBA) for the measurement of cytokines in urine and plasma of patients undergoing renal rejection. Cytokine. 2005 Oct 7;32(1):45-50. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2005.07.009.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16153856 (View on PubMed)

Prodjosudjadi W, Daha MR, Gerritsma JS, Florijn KW, Barendregt JN, Bruijn JA, van der Woude FJ, van Es LA. Increased urinary excretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 during acute renal allograft rejection. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996 Jun;11(6):1096-103.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8671975 (View on PubMed)

Grandaliano G, Gesualdo L, Ranieri E, Monno R, Stallone G, Schena FP. Monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 expression and monocyte infiltration in acute renal transplant rejection. Transplantation. 1997 Feb 15;63(3):414-20. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199702150-00015.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9039933 (View on PubMed)

Hu H, Aizenstein BD, Puchalski A, Burmania JA, Hamawy MM, Knechtle SJ. Elevation of CXCR3-binding chemokines in urine indicates acute renal-allograft dysfunction. Am J Transplant. 2004 Mar;4(3):432-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00354.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14961998 (View on PubMed)

Kanmaz T, Feng P, Torrealba J, Kwun J, Fechner JH, Schultz JM, Dong Y, Kim HT, Dar W, Hamawy MM, Knechtle SJ, Hu H. Surveillance of acute rejection in baboon renal transplantation by elevation of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 and monokine induced by interferon-gamma in urine. Transplantation. 2004 Oct 15;78(7):1002-7. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000134397.55564.71.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15480165 (View on PubMed)

Hauser IA, Spiegler S, Kiss E, Gauer S, Sichler O, Scheuermann EH, Ackermann H, Pfeilschifter JM, Geiger H, Grone HJ, Radeke HH. Prediction of acute renal allograft rejection by urinary monokine induced by IFN-gamma (MIG). J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Jun;16(6):1849-58. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004100836. Epub 2005 Apr 27.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15857922 (View on PubMed)

Kotsch K, Mashreghi MF, Bold G, Tretow P, Beyer J, Matz M, Hoerstrup J, Pratschke J, Ding R, Suthanthiran M, Volk HD, Reinke P. Enhanced granulysin mRNA expression in urinary sediment in early and delayed acute renal allograft rejection. Transplantation. 2004 Jun 27;77(12):1866-75. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000131157.19937.3f.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15223905 (View on PubMed)

Sorrentino S, Landmesser U. Nonlipid-lowering effects of statins. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2005 Dec;7(6):459-66. doi: 10.1007/s11936-005-0031-1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16283973 (View on PubMed)

Yamada K, Hatakeyama E, Arita S, Sakamoto K, Kashiwabara H, Hamaguchi K. Prediction of chronic renal allograft dysfunction from evaluations of TGFBeta1 and the renin-angiotensin system. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2003 Sep;7(3):238-42. doi: 10.1007/s10157-003-0237-z.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14586721 (View on PubMed)

Teppo AM, Honkanen E, Finne P, Tornroth T, Gronhagen-Riska C. Increased urinary excretion of alpha1-microglobulin at 6 months after transplantation is associated with urinary excretion of transforming growth factor-beta1 and indicates poor long-term renal outcome. Transplantation. 2004 Sep 15;78(5):719-24. doi: 10.1097/01.tp.0000131816.51366.6b.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15371675 (View on PubMed)

Tatapudi RR, Muthukumar T, Dadhania D, Ding R, Li B, Sharma VK, Lozada-Pastorio E, Seetharamu N, Hartono C, Serur D, Seshan SV, Kapur S, Hancock WW, Suthanthiran M. Noninvasive detection of renal allograft inflammation by measurements of mRNA for IP-10 and CXCR3 in urine. Kidney Int. 2004 Jun;65(6):2390-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00663.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15149352 (View on PubMed)

Nankivell BJ, Borrows RJ, Fung CL, O'Connell PJ, Allen RD, Chapman JR. The natural history of chronic allograft nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2003 Dec 11;349(24):2326-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa020009.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14668458 (View on PubMed)

Hu H, Kwun J, Aizenstein BD, Knechtle SJ. Noninvasive detection of acute and chronic injuries in human renal transplant by elevation of multiple cytokines/chemokines in urine. Transplantation. 2009 Jun 27;87(12):1814-20. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181a66b3e.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19543058 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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CRAD001ABR14T

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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