Effect of Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) in Painful Diabetic Polyneuropathy

NCT ID: NCT01162993

Last Updated: 2017-07-05

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

40 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2010-04-30

Study Completion Date

2018-01-31

Brief Summary

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Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Pain is a common symptom of diabetic neuropathy, affecting 11-34% of patients suffering form DM. The burden of disease of painful diabetic polyneuropathy (PDP) is high for both the patient and society, due to significant pain levels, frequent co-morbidity, polypharmacy and significant health resource use. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used for over 30 years to treat neuropathic pain. Several small clinical studies have shown a beneficial effect of SCS on pain in PDP.

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether SCS leads to clinically relevant (≥50%) pain relief in patients with moderate-to-severe PDP in the lower limbs after 6 months of treatment.

Secondary objectives to investigate 1) the effect of SCS on health related quality of life in PDP; 2) the effect of SCS on the quality of sleep in PDP; 3) the effect of SCS on mood in PDP; 4) the effect of SCS on blood glucose control in PDP; 5) the effect of SCS on large and small nerve fibre functions in PDP; 6) identifying predictive factors for success of SCS treatment of PDP; after 6 months 7) the effect of SCS on small fibre loss and regeneration in PDP; and 8) costs, cost-utility and cost-effectiveness after 12 months of treatment.

Study design: the study is a multi centre randomized controlled trial. Study population: Patients suffering from moderate-to-severe PDP in the lower limbs due to diabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2 as diagnosed by clinical symptoms (glove and stocking distribution).

Intervention: patients assigned to group 1 will receive spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and/or best (drug) treatment as possible, patients assigned to group 2 will receive best (drug) treatment as possible.

Main study parameters/endpoints: The main study parameter will be the mean pain intensity and/or maximal pain intensity during daytime and/or during night time as measured on a weighted NRS and/or a PGIC for pain and sleep measured on a 7-point Likert scale, after 6 months of treatment.

Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: SCS related risks include: lead migration (14%), lead breakage (7%), implanted pulse generator migration (1%), loss of therapeutic effect, lost or unpleasant paresthesias (12%), infection or wound breakdown (10%), Pain at IPG incision site (12%), IPG pocket fluid collection (5%). Treatment-as-usual related risks are related to the medication used and do not increase due to participation in this study.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Diabetic Neuropathies Pain Electric Stimulation Therapy

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Spinal Cord Stimulation

Spinal cord stimulation

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Spinal Cord Stimulation

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

The intervention is spinal cord stimulation and will be used for 2 weeks trial stimulation. After clinical successful pain relief (≥50% relief of pain intensity on a weighted numeric rating scale (NRS) or a score of ≥6 on a seven-point Likert scale (1=very much worse; 7=very much improved) of the PGIC scale for pain and sleep) a definite spinal cord system will be implanted.

Treatment as usual

Treatment as usual

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Spinal Cord Stimulation

The intervention is spinal cord stimulation and will be used for 2 weeks trial stimulation. After clinical successful pain relief (≥50% relief of pain intensity on a weighted numeric rating scale (NRS) or a score of ≥6 on a seven-point Likert scale (1=very much worse; 7=very much improved) of the PGIC scale for pain and sleep) a definite spinal cord system will be implanted.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Other Intervention Names

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Medtronic leads and neurostimulator (CE mark 0123)

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Moderate-to-severe PDP in the lower limbs

* The pain intended to treat has been present for more than 12 months
* Previous treatment has been unsuccessful (insufficient pain relief and/or unacceptable side-effects) with drugs from the following drug categories:
* Amitriptylin or an other tricyclic antidepressant and/or
* Pregabalin (Lyrica®) or Gabapentin (Neurontin®) and/or
* Duloxetine (Cymbalta®) and/or
* Tramadol or strong opioids Patients were treated with 3 drugs from the above mentioned drug categories and followed the treatment algorithm for painful diabetic polyneuropathy according to Jensen. Starting dosage was based on individual patient characteristics. Each drug was tried for at least 3 weeks and dose was raised once, if possible. By insufficient pain relief and/or unacceptable side-effects, the drug treatment was stopped. Patients reached a steady state in medication use and it is not allowed to increase dosage during the study.
* Mean pain intensity during daytime and/or night time should be 5 or higher measured on a numeric rating scale (NRS). Pain during daytime will be scored 3 times per day during for 4 days according to Jensen.
* Patient's age is between 18 and 75 years.

Exclusion Criteria

* The patient has had neuromodulation therapy during the month before the intake
* Neuropathic pain is most prevalent in the upper limbs (NRS\>3)
* Neuropathy or chronic pain of other origin than diabetes mellitus (NRS\> 3)
* Addiction: drugs, alcohol (\> 5E / day) and/or medication

* Drugs: cocaine, heroine, marihuana.
* Alcohol: wine, beer, liquor (max 5E / day)
* Medication: benzodiazepines.
* Insufficient cooperation from the patient (little motivation, understanding or communication)
* Blood clotting disorder, when using 2 or more different kinds of anti coagulation
* Immune deficiency (HIV-positive, corticosteroids with a dose equivalent to \> prednisolone 10 mg, immunodepressive, etc.)
* Peripheral vascular disease without palpable peripheral pulses at both feet (inclusion is possible if pulses are absent, but ankle brachial index is between 0.7 and 1.2 in both feet)
* Active foot ulceration
* Life expectancy \< 1 year
* Pacemaker
* Local infection or other skin disorders at site of incision
* Psychiatric problems potentially interfering with cooperation in the study
* Pregnancy
* Severe cardiac or pulmonary failure (\> NYHA classification II)
* Unstable blood glucose control (change in HbA1c\>1,0% in three months prior to inclusion)
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

75 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Maastricht University Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Maarten van Kleef, Prf. Dr.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Maastricht University Medical Center

Locations

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UMC St. Radboud

Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands

Site Status

Maastricht University Medical Center

Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands

Site Status

Countries

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Netherlands

References

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Tesfaye S, Watt J, Benbow SJ, Pang KA, Miles J, MacFarlane IA. Electrical spinal-cord stimulation for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Lancet. 1996 Dec 21-28;348(9043):1698-701. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)02467-1.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 8973433 (View on PubMed)

Kumar K, Toth C, Nath RK. Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain in peripheral neuropathy. Surg Neurol. 1996 Oct;46(4):363-9. doi: 10.1016/s0090-3019(96)00191-7.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 8876718 (View on PubMed)

de Vos CC, Rajan V, Steenbergen W, van der Aa HE, Buschman HP. Effect and safety of spinal cord stimulation for treatment of chronic pain caused by diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications. 2009 Jan-Feb;23(1):40-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.08.002. Epub 2008 Apr 16.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18413161 (View on PubMed)

Daousi C, Benbow SJ, MacFarlane IA. Electrical spinal cord stimulation in the long-term treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabet Med. 2005 Apr;22(4):393-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01410.x.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 15787662 (View on PubMed)

O'Connell NE, Ferraro MC, Gibson W, Rice AS, Vase L, Coyle D, Eccleston C. Implanted spinal neuromodulation interventions for chronic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Dec 2;12(12):CD013756. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013756.pub2.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34854473 (View on PubMed)

van Beek M, Geurts JW, Slangen R, Schaper NC, Faber CG, Joosten EA, Dirksen CD, van Dongen RT, van Kuijk SMJ, van Kleef M. Severity of Neuropathy Is Associated With Long-term Spinal Cord Stimulation Outcome in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Five-Year Follow-up of a Prospective Two-Center Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jan;41(1):32-38. doi: 10.2337/dc17-0983. Epub 2017 Nov 6.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 29109298 (View on PubMed)

Slangen R, Faber CG, Schaper NC, Joosten EA, van Dongen RT, Kessels AG, van Kleef M, Dirksen CD. A Trial-Based Economic Evaluation Comparing Spinal Cord Stimulation With Best Medical Treatment in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. J Pain. 2017 Apr;18(4):405-414. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.11.014. Epub 2016 Dec 11.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 27965045 (View on PubMed)

van Beek M, Slangen R, Schaper NC, Faber CG, Joosten EA, Dirksen CD, van Dongen RT, Kessels AG, van Kleef M. Sustained Treatment Effect of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: 24-Month Follow-up of a Prospective Two-Center Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care. 2015 Sep;38(9):e132-4. doi: 10.2337/dc15-0740. Epub 2015 Jun 26. No abstract available.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 26116722 (View on PubMed)

Slangen R, Schaper NC, Faber CG, Joosten EA, Dirksen CD, van Dongen RT, Kessels AG, van Kleef M. Spinal cord stimulation and pain relief in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a prospective two-center randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2014 Nov;37(11):3016-24. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0684. Epub 2014 Sep 11.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 25216508 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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MEC 09-2-120

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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