Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
PHASE3
655 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2010-05-31
2012-10-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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This study aims to characterize the epidemiologic history comparing the efficacy of 3 antimalarial regimens (chloroquine, artesunate, and chloroquine/primaquine) for plasmodium vivax in western Thailand. Chloroquine is currently the standard of treatment for Plasmodium vivax. Due to the long half-life or chloroquine, the first relapse of vivax malaria may be delayed. In contrast, artesunate has a very short half-life, thus, having no impact on first relapse. It is not known whether chloroquine reduces the overall number of relapses, or only delays the first relapse. There are many important questions about the biology of vivax malaria of relevance to treatment that remain unanswered. For example is the number of relapses per infection (i.e. per successful inoculation) predetermined or adaptive? If it is predetermined then suppression of the first relapse (as with chloroquine, mefloquine or piperaquine) will reduce the total number of relapses and this is a clear benefit. If it is adaptive then these drugs will simply delay the relapses and there is less clear benefit. These various uncertainties illustrate the importance of detailed comparative longitudinal evaluations. In order to characterize the biology of vivax malaria, it will be necessary to compare regimens with and without primaquine. Because of the challenges that face primaquine prescription (side effects, toxicity in G6PD deficient patients and duration of treatment), it is not commonly deployed along the Thai Burma border. In effect, we will be comparing usual practice (non primaquine regimens) with the recommended WHO and Thai MOPH practice (use of primaquine for 14 days). The information we will gather is crucial to the understanding of chloroquine and its effect on the vivax parasite. This will lead to future studies and invariably change the way we treat vivax malaria.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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Artesunate
2 mg/kg/day as single daily dose given for 5 days; maximum dose range is 1.6 to 2.4 mg/kg/day or a total of 8 to 12 mg/kg.
Artesunate
2 mg/kg/day as single daily dose given for 5 days; maximum dose range is 1.6 to 2.4 mg/kg/day or a total of 8 to 12 mg/kg.
Chloroquine
25 mg base/kg given in divided doses (10,10,5) over 3 days; Absolute range 20-30 mg/kg.
Chloroquine
25 mg base/kg given in divided doses (10,10,5) over 3 days; Absolute range 20-30 mg/kg.
Chloroquine/Primaquine
Chloroquine 3 days and Primaquine 14 days
Chloroquine/Primaquine
Chloroquine 3 days and Primaquine 14 days
Interventions
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Artesunate
2 mg/kg/day as single daily dose given for 5 days; maximum dose range is 1.6 to 2.4 mg/kg/day or a total of 8 to 12 mg/kg.
Chloroquine
25 mg base/kg given in divided doses (10,10,5) over 3 days; Absolute range 20-30 mg/kg.
Chloroquine/Primaquine
Chloroquine 3 days and Primaquine 14 days
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Weight \> 7 kg for children
* Have not had primaquine since last Pv episode
* Participant (or parent/guardian if \< 18 years old) is willing and able to give written informed consent
* Microscopic diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax mono-infection
* Ability (in the investigators opinion) and willingness of patient or parent/guardian to comply with all study requirements
Exclusion Criteria
* Severe malaria
* Patients with microscopic diagnosis of co-infection with Plasmodium falciparum
* Presence of any condition which in the judgement of the investigator would place the subject at undue risk or interfere with the results of the study
* Inability to tolerate oral medication
* Pregnancy
* Blood transfusion in the last 3 months
* Antimalarial in last 2 months
6 Months
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Mahidol University
OTHER
University of Oxford
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Francois Nosten, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Shoklo Malaria Research Unit
Locations
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Shoklo Malaria Research Unit
Mae Sot, , Thailand
Countries
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References
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Stadler E, Cromer D, Mehra S, Adekunle AI, Flegg JA, Anstey NM, Watson JA, Chu CS, Mueller I, Robinson LJ, Schlub TE, Davenport MP, Khoury DS. Population heterogeneity in Plasmodium vivax relapse risk. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Dec 19;16(12):e0010990. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010990. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Chu CS, Phyo AP, Lwin KM, Win HH, San T, Aung AA, Raksapraidee R, Carrara VI, Bancone G, Watson J, Moore KA, Wiladphaingern J, Proux S, Sriprawat K, Winterberg M, Cheah PY, Chue AL, Tarning J, Imwong M, Nosten F, White NJ. Comparison of the Cumulative Efficacy and Safety of Chloroquine, Artesunate, and Chloroquine-Primaquine in Plasmodium vivax Malaria. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Oct 30;67(10):1543-1549. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy319.
Pratt B, Zion D, Lwin KM, Cheah PY, Nosten F, Loff B. Closing the translation gap for justice requirements in international research. J Med Ethics. 2012 Sep;38(9):552-8. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2011-100301. Epub 2012 Mar 16.
Other Identifiers
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SMRU0908
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id