Evaluation of the Duration of Therapy for Thrombosis in Children

NCT ID: NCT00687882

Last Updated: 2025-06-18

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

532 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2008-03-31

Study Completion Date

2022-02-15

Brief Summary

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The Kids-DOTT trial is a randomized controlled clinical trial whose primary objective is to evaluate non-inferiority of shortened-duration (6 weeks) versus conventional-duration (3 months) anticoagulation in children with first-episode acute venous thrombosis. The first stage of the trial has consisted of a pilot/feasibility component, which then continues as the definitively-powered trial.

Detailed Description

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Children (birth to 21 years of age, inclusive) with first-episode venous thrombosis in association with a reversible clinical trigger (key exclusions: history of cancer; severe thrombophilia state disclosed) are enrolled and prescribed anticoagulation according to the clinical standard of care and American College of Physicians (Chest journal) 2012 recommendations. At the 6 week (post-diagnosis) follow-up visit, repeat radiologic imaging is performed to determine residual thrombus burden and its degree of occlusion. In addition, those subjects with antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) disclosed at enrollment will undergo repeat APA testing.

Patients with residual occlusive thrombosis or persistent APA are excluded from randomization, and followed on parallel cohort arms (observational), with conventional anticoagulation durations. All other patients are randomized to a total anticoagulant duration of 6 weeks versus 3 months. Children are followed for primary efficacy endpoints of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and primary safety endpoints of clinically-relevant bleeding (major plus clinically-relevant non-major, as per International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Scientific and Standardization Committee \[Journal of Thrombosis \& Haemostasis\] 2012 definitions/recommendations).

Children are followed through 2 years (with primary endpoint at 1 year). Those with deep venous thromboses affecting venous return from the limbs also undergo standardized post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) outcome assessment using the Manco-Johnson pediatric PTS instrument.

The non-inferiority analysis uses a bivariate endpoint approach, modeling the inherent clinical trade-off between the risks of recurrent VTE and bleeding. The trial will enroll 750 children across 40 participating centers, and allows for a 25% rate of exclusion from the per-protocol population due to randomization non-eligibility (i.e. parallel cohort), withdrawal/loss to follow-up, and protocol non-adherence.

A sub-study, completed in late 2013, used investigational dalteparin in lieu of formulary low molecular weight heparin (typically enoxaparin) in those children who were clinically prescribed a low molecular weight heparin for sub-acute anticoagulation. The goal of this sub-study was to report dose-finding and outcomes data in children treated with dalteparin for VTE. Outcomes in these patients were qualitatively compared with those of patients who received enoxaparin, warfarin, or other anticoagulants for sub-acute anticoagulation. This portion of the study was an industry-sponsored investigator-initiated sub-study with an investigator-held IND. Since the closure of the sub-study, the overall Kids-DOTT study is no longer conducted under an Investigational New Drug (IND) application.

Principal aims and hypotheses:

Specific Aim #1: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of shortened-duration (6 weeks total) versus conventional-duration (3 months total) anticoagulation for first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis among children in whom thrombus resolution/non-occlusion (i.e. established blood flow) is evident after the initial 6 weeks of anticoagulant therapy

Hypothesis: Among children with first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis in whom thrombosis is resolved or non-occlusive at six weeks follow-up, a shortened duration of anticoagulation (total six weeks; i.e. no further therapy) is non-inferior in efficacy to the conventional duration (total three months) of anticoagulation with respect to the risk of symptomatic recurrent VTE at 1 year, and is superior in safety with respect to the risk of clinically-relevant bleeding.(The hypothesis will also be tested in secondary analysis at 2 years, using the same efficacy and safety outcomes as for the 1 year primary analysis.)

Specific Aim #2: To compare the composite efficacy of shortened-duration (6 weeks total) versus conventional-duration (3 months total) anticoagulation for first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis among children in whom thrombus resolution/non-occlusion (i.e., blood flow) is evident after the initial 6 weeks of anticoagulant therapy.

Hypothesis: Among children with first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis in whom thrombosis is resolved or non-occlusive at six weeks follow-up, a shortened duration of anticoagulation (total six weeks; i.e. no further therapy) is non-inferior to the conventional duration (total three months) of anticoagulation with respect to a composite efficacy endpoint comprised of the 1-year risk of symptomatic recurrent VTE or PTS. (The hypothesis will also be tested in secondary analysis at 2 years.)

Specific Aim #3: To determine whether outcomes of first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis (specifically, with respect to recurrent VTE and PTS) among children treated with conventional-duration (3 months total) anticoagulation differ between those with and without thrombus resolution/non-occlusion at 6 weeks.

Hypothesis: Among children with first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis treated with conventional-duration (3 months total) anticoagulation, the cumulative incidences of recurrent VTE and PTS are significantly lower among those in whom thrombus resolution/non-occlusion was, versus was not, evident after the initial 6 weeks of anticoagulant therapy.

Specific Aim #4: To establish a clinical trial-derived plasma and nucleic acids biorepository for future proteomic, genomic, and metabolomic investigations of predictors and modulators of VTE outcomes in children.

Specific Aim #5: To investigate whether duration of anticoagulation (over the range of 3 months to indefinite duration, as determined clinically in routine care) on influences the risks of symptomatic recurrent VTE and clinically-relevant bleeding among children with first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis in whom persistent antiphospholipid antibody (APA) positivity is evident at 6- and 12 -weeks post-diagnosis.

Hypothesis: Among children with first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis in whom persistent APA positivity is evident at 6- and 12 -weeks post-diagnosis, duration of anticoagulant therapy is not a predictor of symptomatic recurrent VTE but is directly related to the risk of clinically-relevant bleeding.

Specific Aim #6 (Exploratory Aim): To evaluate whether the effect of treatment duration on the risks of symptomatic recurrent VTE and clinically-relevant bleeding in children with first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis differs substantively between subgroups defined by type of sub-acute anticoagulant therapy in real-world clinical use (all prescribed clinically, with the exception of investigational dalteparin, which was prescribed under an investigator-held IND through December 2013).

Conditions

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Venous Thrombosis

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Intervention: A

Patients with non-occlusive thrombus or resolved thrombosis at 6 weeks.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Shortened duration (6 weeks) of anticoagulant therapy

Intervention Type OTHER

Subjects with evidence of non-occlusive or resolved thrombus at 6 weeks time will be randomized to receive a total duration of anticoagulant therapy of 6 weeks.

Intervention: B

Patients with non-occlusive thrombus or resolved thrombosis at 6 weeks.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Conventional duration (3 months) of anticoagulant therapy

Intervention Type OTHER

Subjects with evidence of non-occlusive or resolved thrombus at 6 weeks time will be randomized to receive a total duration of anticoagulant therapy of 3 months.

Parallel Cohort: Persistent Occlusive Thrombosis

Patients with completely occlusive thrombosis at 6 weeks.

Group Type OTHER

No Intervention

Intervention Type OTHER

Subjects with evidence of persistent thrombus at 6 weeks time will remain on anticoagulant therapy for 3-6 months at the discretion of their treating physician.

Parallel Cohort: Persistent Antiphospholipid Antibody

Patients with persistent Positive Antiphospholipid Antibody at 6 weeks.

Group Type OTHER

No Intervention

Intervention Type OTHER

Subjects with evidence of persistent antiphospholipid antibody at 6 weeks will remain on anticoagulant therapy for 3 months to indefinite duration, at the discretion of their treating physician.

Interventions

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Shortened duration (6 weeks) of anticoagulant therapy

Subjects with evidence of non-occlusive or resolved thrombus at 6 weeks time will be randomized to receive a total duration of anticoagulant therapy of 6 weeks.

Intervention Type OTHER

Conventional duration (3 months) of anticoagulant therapy

Subjects with evidence of non-occlusive or resolved thrombus at 6 weeks time will be randomized to receive a total duration of anticoagulant therapy of 3 months.

Intervention Type OTHER

No Intervention

Subjects with evidence of persistent thrombus at 6 weeks time will remain on anticoagulant therapy for 3-6 months at the discretion of their treating physician.

Intervention Type OTHER

No Intervention

Subjects with evidence of persistent antiphospholipid antibody at 6 weeks will remain on anticoagulant therapy for 3 months to indefinite duration, at the discretion of their treating physician.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Children (birth to \<21 years of age) with radiologically-confirmed acute deep venous thrombosis in the past 30 days
2. In the opinion of the investigator, the venous thrombosis was a provoked (i.e., non-spontaneous) event (e.g.: hospitalization; Central venous catheterization; infection; dehydration; surgery; trauma; immobility; use of estrogen-containing oral contraceptive pills; flare of autoimmune/rheumatologic condition).

Exclusion Criteria

1. Prior episode of VTE
2. Malignancy that, in the opinion of the treating oncologist, is not in remission (note: remission may exist on or off anti-neoplastic therapy)
3. Systemic lupus erythematosus
4. Pulmonary embolism that is not accompanied by DVT or is more proximal than segmental branches of the pulmonary artery
5. Use of, or intent to use, thrombolytic therapy
6. Chronic anticoagulant at prophylactic dosing is being or will be administered beyond 6 months post VTE diagnosis
7. Moderate/severe anticoagulant deficiency (defined by any one of the following):

1. protein C \<20 IU/dL if patient is ≥3 months of age, or protein C below lower limit of detection if patient is \<3 months of age;
2. antithrombin \<30 IU/dL if patient is ≥3 months of age, or antithrombin below lower limit of detection if patient is \<3 months of age;
3. protein S (free antigen or activity) \<20 IU/dL.
Maximum Eligible Age

20 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Neil A Goldenberg, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital

Locations

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University of Alabama Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Site Status

Phoenix Children's Hospital

Phoenix, Arizona, United States

Site Status

Arkansas Children's Hospital

Little Rock, Arkansas, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital Orange County

Orange, California, United States

Site Status

Stanford Medicine

Palo Alto, California, United States

Site Status

UC Davis Children's Center

Sacramento, California, United States

Site Status

Rady Children's Hospital UCSD

San Diego, California, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital Colorado

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Yale School of Medicine

New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Site Status

George Washington University, Children's National Medical Center

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Site Status

Nemours Children's Clinic

Jacksonville, Florida, United States

Site Status

University of Miami

Miami, Florida, United States

Site Status

Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital

St. Petersburg, Florida, United States

Site Status

Emory University / Children's Healthcare of Atlanta

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status

Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Rush University Medical Center

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Riley Hospital for Children

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital

Iowa City, Iowa, United States

Site Status

Kosair Children's Hospital

Louisville, Kentucky, United States

Site Status

Johns Hopkins Medicine

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Boston Children's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University

Detroit, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Michigan State University

East Lansing, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Helen Devos Children's Hospital

Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Children's Mercy Hospital

Kansas City, Missouri, United States

Site Status

Glacier View

Kalispell, Montana, United States

Site Status

Newark Beth Israel Medical Center

Newark, New Jersey, United States

Site Status

Cornell University

Ithaca, New York, United States

Site Status

Cohen Children's Medical Center

New Hyde Park, New York, United States

Site Status

NewYork-Presbyterian

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Golisano Children's Hospital

Rochester, New York, United States

Site Status

The Children's Hospital at Montefiore

The Bronx, New York, United States

Site Status

Duke University

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Akron Children's Hospital

Akron, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Nationwide Children's Hospital

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States

Site Status

Oregon Health Sciences University

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status

Hershey Medical Center

Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

St. Christopher's Hospital for Children

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina, United States

Site Status

Palmetto Health

Columbia, South Carolina, United States

Site Status

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas

Austin, Texas, United States

Site Status

University of Texas Southwestern

Dallas, Texas, United States

Site Status

Texas Children's Hospital (Baylor)

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status

Primary Children's Medical Center

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Site Status

University of Virginia Health System University Hospital

Charlottesville, Virginia, United States

Site Status

Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters

Norfolk, Virginia, United States

Site Status

Medical College of Wisconsin, Blood Center of Wisconsin

Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status

Royal Children's Hospital

Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Site Status

Medizinishe Universitat Wien

Vienna, , Austria

Site Status

Stollery Children's Hospital

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Site Status

McMaster Childrens Hospital

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

SickKids

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Montreal Children's Hospital

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status

Hadassah Hebrew-University Hospital

Jerusalem, , Israel

Site Status

Sheba Medical Center

Tel Aviv, , Israel

Site Status

Sophia Children's Hospital

Rotterdam, , Netherlands

Site Status

Countries

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United States Australia Austria Canada Israel Netherlands

References

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Betensky M, Mosha M, Tarango C, Verma A, Bhat R, Kucine NE, Nakano T, Nakar C, Woods G, Amankwah E, Brandao LR, Schulman S, Goldenberg NA. Outcomes in children with provoked venous thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibodies: findings from the Kids-DOTT trial. Blood Adv. 2024 Nov 26;8(22):5790-5795. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024014415.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39321425 (View on PubMed)

Goldenberg NA, Tripputi M, Crowther M, Abshire TC, DiMichele D, Manco-Johnson MJ, Hiatt WR. The "parallel-cohort RCT": Novel design aspects and application in the Kids-DOTT trial of pediatric venous thromboembolism. Contemp Clin Trials. 2010 Jan;31(1):131-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2009.11.006. Epub 2009 Nov 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19941974 (View on PubMed)

Kittelson JM, Spyropoulos AC, Halperin JL, Kessler CM, Schulman S, Steg G, Turpie AG, Cutler NR, Hiatt WR, Goldenberg NA; Antithrombotic Trials Leadership and Steering (ATLAS) Group. Balancing risk and benefit in venous thromboembolism trials: concept for a bivariate endpoint trial design and analytic approach. J Thromb Haemost. 2013 Aug;11(8):1443-8. doi: 10.1111/jth.12324.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23773172 (View on PubMed)

Goldenberg NA, Abshire T, Blatchford PJ, Fenton LZ, Halperin JL, Hiatt WR, Kessler CM, Kittelson JM, Manco-Johnson MJ, Spyropoulos AC, Steg PG, Stence NV, Turpie AG, Schulman S; Kids-DOTT Trial Investigators. Multicenter randomized controlled trial on Duration of Therapy for Thrombosis in Children and Young Adults (the Kids-DOTT trial): pilot/feasibility phase findings. J Thromb Haemost. 2015 Sep;13(9):1597-605. doi: 10.1111/jth.13038. Epub 2015 Aug 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26118944 (View on PubMed)

Goldenberg NA, Kittelson JM, Abshire TC, Bonaca M, Casella JF, Dale RA, Halperin JL, Hamblin F, Kessler CM, Manco-Johnson MJ, Sidonio RF, Spyropoulos AC, Steg PG, Turpie AGG, Schulman S; Kids-DOTT Trial Investigators and the ATLAS Group. Effect of Anticoagulant Therapy for 6 Weeks vs 3 Months on Recurrence and Bleeding Events in Patients Younger Than 21 Years of Age With Provoked Venous Thromboembolism: The Kids-DOTT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2022 Jan 11;327(2):129-137. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.23182.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 35015038 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Related Links

Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.

https://www.hopkinsallchildrens.org/academics/research/multicenter-studies/kids-dott

https://www.hopkinsallchildrens.org/academics/research/multicenter-studies/kids-dott

Other Identifiers

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1U01HL130048-01A1

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

IRB00063928

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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