Laser-Ranibizumab-Triamcinolone for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

NCT ID: NCT00445003

Last Updated: 2016-08-26

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

333 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2007-03-31

Study Completion Date

2010-07-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of the study is to find out if treatment with an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone or an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab can prevent loss of vision caused by panretinal photocoagulation treatment. At the present time, it is not known whether intravitreal steroid or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections are beneficial in preventing vision loss after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) treatment. It is possible that one or both of the types of injections will prevent vision loss after PRP treatment. However, it is not known whether the benefits of the injections will outweigh the risks. It is possible that because of side effects, the injections may not be as good as laser alone in treating the diabetic retinopathy.

Detailed Description

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Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is manifested in retinal neovascularization at the disc (NVD) or elsewhere (NVE). Vitreous hemorrhage or tractional detachment from PDR is a leading cause of severe visual loss and new onset blindness. Without intervention, 60 percent of individuals with diabetic retinopathy will eventually develop PDR, resulting in significant visual loss in nearly fifty percent.

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is currently treated with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) which destroys areas of the retina but preserves central vision. PRP is most effectively seen in a regression of new vessels, stabilization of the neovascularization, and reduced risk of visual loss. However, the treatment is associated with unavoidable side effects including macular edema with transient or permanent central vision loss, diminished vision loss, and night vision loss. The treatment applies laser burns to the peripheral retinal tissue, destroying outer photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium of the retina, and is thought to exert its effect by increasing oxygen delivery to the inner retina and decreasing viable hypoxic cells which are producing growth factors such as VEGF. Studies have implicated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as the substance leading to neovascularization and/or increased vascular permeability. Thus, it is reasonable to expect that inhibition of VEGF could reduce both PDR and transient vision loss from macular edema. There are several anti-VEGF drugs. Ranibizumab is the drug to be evaluated in this trial. In one trial of ranibizumab on DME, ten patients with chronic DME received a series of 0.5 mg intraocular injections. The treatments were well tolerated with no ocular or systemic adverse events. Since intraocular injections of ranibizumab significantly reduced foveal thickness and improved visual acuity in all ten patients, there is strong rationale to consider this drug as adjunctive therapy to PRP in a attempt to reduce the acute, transient edema that may occur with PRP.

Similarly, corticosteroids, a class of substances with anti-inflammatory properties, have demonstrated to inhibit the expression of VEGF. Triamcinolone acetonide is often used as a periocular injection for the treatment of cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to uveitis. Clinically, triamcinolone acetonide is used in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and choroidal neovascularization. Studies on patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy randomly assigned to receive 4 mg triamcinolone 10 to 15 days prior to PRP treatment showed a reduction in central macular thickening, and fluorescein leakage was greater in the injection group than in the control group at 9 and 12 months follow up. Mean visual acuity improved by one line in the injection group and worsened by two lines in the control group.

In summary, there is strong rationale that using either intravitreal ranibizumab or intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide as an adjunct to PRP could reduce the magnitude of vision loss.

This study is being conducted to determine whether intravitreal injection of an anti-VEGF drug or an intravitreal injection of a corticosteroid can reduce the occurrence of macular edema and visual acuity impairment following PRP. Subjects will be randomly assigned with equal probability to one of the following three injection groups:

* Intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg ranibizumab (Lucentis™) at baseline and 4 weeks
* Intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide at baseline and sham injection at 4 weeks
* Sham injection at baseline and 4 weeks

The initial injection (or sham) is given on the day of randomization. Focal (macular) photocoagulation is given 7 to 10 days following the injection. Panretinal (scatter) photocoagulation can be initiated either on the same day as the focal photocoagulation (immediately following the focal photocoagulation) or on a subsequent day but must be initiated within 14 days of the baseline injection. Required follow-up visits occur at 4, 14, 34 and 56 weeks.

Conditions

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Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Macular Edema

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Sham injection plus laser

Sham injection at baseline and 4 weeks. Focal/grid laser for diabetic macular edema was performed 3 days to 10 days after the injection for all treatment groups.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sham injection

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Sham injection at baseline and 4 weeks

Focal/grid laser

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Focal/grid laser for diabetic macular edema was performed 3 days to 10 days after the injection for all treatment groups.

0.5mg Ranibizumab plus laser

Intravitreal injections of 0.5mg Ranibizumab at baseline and at 4 weeks. Focal/grid laser for diabetic macular edema was performed 3 days to 10 days after the injection for all treatment groups.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Ranibizumab

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg ranibizumab at baseline and 4 weeks

Focal/grid laser

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Focal/grid laser for diabetic macular edema was performed 3 days to 10 days after the injection for all treatment groups.

4-mg Triamcinolone Acetonide plus Laser

4-mg Triamcinolone Acetonide at baseline and sham injection at 4 weeks. Focal/grid laser for diabetic macular edema was performed 3 days to 10 days after the injection for all treatment groups.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Triamcinolone Acetonide

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide at baseline and sham injection at 4 weeks

Focal/grid laser

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Focal/grid laser for diabetic macular edema was performed 3 days to 10 days after the injection for all treatment groups.

Interventions

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Ranibizumab

Intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg ranibizumab at baseline and 4 weeks

Intervention Type DRUG

Triamcinolone Acetonide

Intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide at baseline and sham injection at 4 weeks

Intervention Type DRUG

Sham injection

Sham injection at baseline and 4 weeks

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Focal/grid laser

Focal/grid laser for diabetic macular edema was performed 3 days to 10 days after the injection for all treatment groups.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Other Intervention Names

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Lucentis™ corticosteroid

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age \>= 18 years
* Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2)
* Fellow eye (if not a study eye) meets criteria.
* Presence of severe nonproliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy for which investigator intends to complete panretinal photocoagulation within 49 days after randomization.
* Diabetic macular edema(DME) present on clinical exam and central subfield thickness on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) \>250 microns, within 8 days of randomization.
* Best corrected Electronic-Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity letter score \>=24 (i.e., 20/320 or better), within 8 days of randomization.
* Media clarity, pupillary dilation, and subject cooperation sufficient to administer panretinal photocoagulation and obtain adequate fundus photographs and OCT.
* If prior macular photocoagulation has been performed, the investigator believes that the study eye may possibly benefit from additional focal photocoagulation.

Exclusion Criteria

* Significant renal disease, defined as a history of chronic renal failure requiring dialysis or kidney transplant.
* A condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude participation in the study (e.g., unstable medical status including blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and glycemic control).
* Participation in an investigational trial within 30 days of randomization that involved treatment with any drug that has not received regulatory approval at the time of study entry.
* Known allergy to any component of the study drugs.
* Blood pressure \> 180/110 (systolic above 180 or diastolic above 110).
* Major surgery within 28 days prior to randomization or major surgery planned during the next 6 months.
* Myocardial infarction, other cardiac event requiring hospitalization, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or treatment for acute congestive heart failure within 4 months prior to randomization.
* Systemic anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) or pro-VEGF treatment within 4 months prior to randomization.
* For women of child-bearing potential: pregnant or lactating or intending to become pregnant within the next 12 months.
* Subject is expecting to move out of the area of the clinical center to an area not covered by another clinical center during the 12 months of the study.


* Prior panretinal photocoagulation that was sufficiently extensive that the investigator does not believe that at least 1200 additional burns are needed or possible within 49 days after randomization.
* Macular edema is considered to be due to a cause other than diabetic macular edema.
* An ocular condition is present such that, in the opinion of the investigator, preventing visual acuity loss would not improve from resolution of macular edema (e.g., foveal atrophy, pigment abnormalities, dense subfoveal hard exudates, non-retinal condition).
* An ocular condition is present (other than diabetes) that, in the opinion of the investigator, might affect macular edema or alter visual acuity during the course of the study (e.g., retinal vein or artery occlusion, uveitis or other ocular inflammatory disease, neovascular glaucoma, etc.).
* Substantial cataract that, in the opinion of the investigator, is likely to be decreasing visual acuity by 3 lines or more (i.e., cataract would be reducing acuity to 20/40 or worse if eye was otherwise normal).
* History of treatment for DME at any time in the past 4 months (such as focal/grid macular photocoagulation, intravitreal or peribulbar corticosteroids, anti-VEGF drugs, or any other treatment).
* History of major ocular surgery (including vitrectomy, cataract extraction, scleral buckle, any intraocular surgery, etc.) within prior 4 months or anticipated within the next 6 months following randomization.
* History of Yttrium Aluminum Garnet capsulotomy performed within 2 months prior to randomization.
* Aphakia.
* Intraocular pressure \>= 25 mmHg.
* History of open-angle glaucoma (either primary open-angle glaucoma or other cause of open-angle glaucoma; note: angle-closure glaucoma is not an exclusion criterion).
* History of steroid-induced intraocular pressure elevation that required intraocular pressure-lowering treatment.
* History of prior herpetic ocular infection.
* Exam evidence of ocular toxoplasmosis.
* Exam evidence of pseudoexfoliation.
* Exam evidence of external ocular infection, including conjunctivitis, chalazion, or significant blepharitis.

Fellow Eye Criteria

* Intraocular pressure \< 25 mmHg.
* No history of open-angle glaucoma (either primary open-angle glaucoma or other cause of open-angle glaucoma; note: angle-closure glaucoma is not an exclusion criterion).
* No history of steroid-induced intraocular pressure elevation that required intraocular pressure-lowering treatment.
* No exam evidence of pseudoexfoliation.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Eye Institute (NEI)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Genentech, Inc.

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

Allergan

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

Jaeb Center for Health Research

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Alexander J. Brucker, M.D.

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Scheie Eye Institute

Joseph Googe, Jr., M.D.

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Southeastern Retina Associates, P.C.

Locations

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Sall Research Medical Center

Artesia, California, United States

Site Status

Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group

Beverly Hills, California, United States

Site Status

University of California, Irvine

Irvine, California, United States

Site Status

Loma Linda University Health Care, Dept. of Ophthalmology

Loma Linda, California, United States

Site Status

Southern California Desert Retina Consultants, MC

Palm Springs, California, United States

Site Status

California Retina Consultants

Santa Barbara, California, United States

Site Status

Bay Area Retina Associates

Walnut Creek, California, United States

Site Status

Eldorado Retina Associates, P.C.

Louisville, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Retina Vitreous Consultants

Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States

Site Status

Retina Consultants of Southwest Florida

Fort Myers, Florida, United States

Site Status

Central Florida Retina Institute

Lakeland, Florida, United States

Site Status

Southeast Retina Center, P.C.

Augusta, Georgia, United States

Site Status

University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Illinois Retina Associates

Joliet, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Raj K. Maturi, M.D., P.C.

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

John-Kenyon American Eye Institute

New Albany, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Medical Associates Clinic, P.C.

Dubuque, Iowa, United States

Site Status

Paducah Retinal Center

Paducah, Kentucky, United States

Site Status

Maine Vitreoretinal Consultants

Bangor, Maine, United States

Site Status

Elman Retina Group, P.A.

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute at Johns Hopkins

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Retina Consultants of Delmarva, P.A.

Salisbury, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Joslin Diabetes Center

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Retina Center, PA

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

University of Minnesota

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

Eyesight Ophthalmic Services, PA

Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States

Site Status

The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary/Faculty Eye Practice

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Retina-Vitreous Surgeons of Central New York, PC

Syracuse, New York, United States

Site Status

University of North Carolina, Dept of Ophthalmology

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Charlotte Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Assoc., PA

Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Horizon Eye Care, PA

Charlotte, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Wake Forest University Eye Center

Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

OSU Eye Physicians and Surgeons, LLC.

Dublin, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Retina Northwest, PC

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status

Casey Eye Institute

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status

Penn State College of Medicine

Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

University of Pennsylvania Scheie Eye Institute

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Retina Consultants

Providence, Rhode Island, United States

Site Status

Palmetto Retina Center

Columbia, South Carolina, United States

Site Status

Carolina Retina Center

Columbia, South Carolina, United States

Site Status

Southeastern Retina Associates, PC

Kingsport, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

Southeastern Retina Associates, P.C.

Knoxville, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

West Texas Retina Consultants P.A.

Abilene, Texas, United States

Site Status

Texas Retina Associates

Arlington, Texas, United States

Site Status

Retina Research Center

Austin, Texas, United States

Site Status

Texas Retina Associates

Dallas, Texas, United States

Site Status

Retina and Vitreous of Texas

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status

Vitreoretinal Consultants

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status

Texas Retina Associates

Lubbock, Texas, United States

Site Status

Valley Retina Institute

McAllen, Texas, United States

Site Status

Retinal Consultants of San Antonio

San Antonio, Texas, United States

Site Status

Virginia Retina Center

Leesburg, Virginia, United States

Site Status

University of Washington Medical Center

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept of Ophthalmology/Retina Service

Madison, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network; Writing Committee; Aiello LP, Beck RW, Bressler NM, Browning DJ, Chalam KV, Davis M, Ferris FL 3rd, Glassman AR, Maturi RK, Stockdale CR, Topping TM. Rationale for the diabetic retinopathy clinical research network treatment protocol for center-involved diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2011 Dec;118(12):e5-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.09.058.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22136692 (View on PubMed)

Glassman AR, Stockdale CR, Beck RW, Baker C, Bressler NM; Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Evaluation of masking study participants to intravitreal injections in a randomized clinical trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Feb;130(2):190-4. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.387.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22332211 (View on PubMed)

Bressler SB, Qin H, Beck RW, Chalam KV, Kim JE, Melia M, Wells JA 3rd; Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Factors associated with changes in visual acuity and central subfield thickness at 1 year after treatment for diabetic macular edema with ranibizumab. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Sep;130(9):1153-61. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.1107.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22965591 (View on PubMed)

Bressler SB, Qin H, Melia M, Bressler NM, Beck RW, Chan CK, Grover S, Miller DG; Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Exploratory analysis of the effect of intravitreal ranibizumab or triamcinolone on worsening of diabetic retinopathy in a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Aug;131(8):1033-40. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.4154.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23807371 (View on PubMed)

Bressler SB, Almukhtar T, Aiello LP, Bressler NM, Ferris FL 3rd, Glassman AR, Greven CM; Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Green or yellow laser treatment for diabetic macular edema: exploratory assessment within the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Retina. 2013 Nov-Dec;33(10):2080-8. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318295f744.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23792486 (View on PubMed)

Bressler SB, Almukhtar T, Bhorade A, Bressler NM, Glassman AR, Huang SS, Jampol LM, Kim JE, Melia M; Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network Investigators. Repeated intravitreous ranibizumab injections for diabetic macular edema and the risk of sustained elevation of intraocular pressure or the need for ocular hypotensive treatment. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015 May;133(5):589-97. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.186.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25719991 (View on PubMed)

Bressler SB, Melia M, Glassman AR, Almukhtar T, Jampol LM, Shami M, Berger BB, Bressler NM; Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. RANIBIZUMAB PLUS PROMPT OR DEFERRED LASER FOR DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA IN EYES WITH VITRECTOMY BEFORE ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY. Retina. 2015 Dec;35(12):2516-28. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000617.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26035510 (View on PubMed)

Elman MJ, Bressler NM, Qin H, Beck RW, Ferris FL 3rd, Friedman SM, Glassman AR, Scott IU, Stockdale CR, Sun JK; Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Expanded 2-year follow-up of ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2011 Apr;118(4):609-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.12.033.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21459214 (View on PubMed)

Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network; Elman MJ, Aiello LP, Beck RW, Bressler NM, Bressler SB, Edwards AR, Ferris FL 3rd, Friedman SM, Glassman AR, Miller KM, Scott IU, Stockdale CR, Sun JK. Randomized trial evaluating ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2010 Jun;117(6):1064-1077.e35. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.031. Epub 2010 Apr 28.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20427088 (View on PubMed)

Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network; Elman MJ, Qin H, Aiello LP, Beck RW, Bressler NM, Ferris FL 3rd, Glassman AR, Maturi RK, Melia M. Intravitreal ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema with prompt versus deferred laser treatment: three-year randomized trial results. Ophthalmology. 2012 Nov;119(11):2312-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.08.022. Epub 2012 Sep 19.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22999634 (View on PubMed)

Bressler SB, Glassman AR, Almukhtar T, Bressler NM, Ferris FL, Googe JM Jr, Gupta SK, Jampol LM, Melia M, Wells JA 3rd; Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Five-Year Outcomes of Ranibizumab With Prompt or Deferred Laser Versus Laser or Triamcinolone Plus Deferred Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016 Apr;164:57-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.12.025. Epub 2016 Jan 21.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26802783 (View on PubMed)

Elman MJ, Ayala A, Bressler NM, Browning D, Flaxel CJ, Glassman AR, Jampol LM, Stone TW; Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Intravitreal Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema with prompt versus deferred laser treatment: 5-year randomized trial results. Ophthalmology. 2015 Feb;122(2):375-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.08.047. Epub 2014 Oct 28.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25439614 (View on PubMed)

Gangaputra S, Almukhtar T, Glassman AR, Aiello LP, Bressler N, Bressler SB, Danis RP, Davis MD; Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Comparison of film and digital fundus photographs in eyes of individuals with diabetes mellitus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Aug 3;52(9):6168-73. doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-7321.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 21571677 (View on PubMed)

Bhavsar AR, Googe JM Jr, Stockdale CR, Bressler NM, Brucker AJ, Elman MJ, Glassman AR; Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Risk of endophthalmitis after intravitreal drug injection when topical antibiotics are not required: the diabetic retinopathy clinical research network laser-ranibizumab-triamcinolone clinical trials. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009 Dec;127(12):1581-3. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.304.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 20008710 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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U10EY018817-03

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

U10EY014229-07

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

U10EY014231-09

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

NEI-134

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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