Pegylated Recombinant Mammalian Uricase (PEG-uricase) as Treatment for Refractory Gout

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE2

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2004-12-31

Study Completion Date

2009-07-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to determine whether PEG-uricase (a chemically modified recombinant mammalian enzyme that degrades uric acid) is effective in controlling hyperuricemia in patients with chronic gout, who cannot tolerate, or have not responded adequately, to conventional therapy for gout.

Funding Source - FDA OOPD

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Detailed Description

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Inflammatory arthritis in patients with gout is caused by crystals of monosodium urate (MSU) that form as a result of chronically elevated levels of uric acid in plasma and extracellular fluids. Recurrent attacks can usually be prevented by treatment with drugs that block urate synthesis by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, or that promote uric acid excretion. If for various reasons (noncompliance, drug intolerance, inadequate dosage, or inefficacy) therapy fails to maintain serum urate concentration below about 6 mg/dL, gout can progress to a chronic stage characterized by destructive arthropathy, deposition of urate crystals in soft tissues (tophi), and nephropathy. The management of chronic gout in such patients is often complicated by co-morbidities such as hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and renal insufficiency, which may limit the use of anti-inflammatory agents to treat arthritis.

Urate levels are low and gout does not occur in species that express the enzyme urate oxidase (uricase), which converts urate to the more soluble and easily excreted compound allantoin. Humans do not express this enzyme owing to a mutation of the uricase gene during evolution. Parenteral uricase is thus a potential means of controlling hyperuricemia and depleting urate stores in patients with chronic, refractory gout. Infusion of recombinant fungal uricase is effective in preventing acute uric acid nephropathy due to tumor lysis in patients with malignancies. However, the short circulating life and potential immunogenicity of fungal uricase prevents its chronic use for treating gout.

PEG-uricase is a recombinant porcine urate oxidase to which multiple strands of polyethylene glycol (PEG) of average molecular weight 10,000 have been attached. "PEGylation" is intended to reduce the immunogenicity of uricase, and greatly prolong its circulating life. This "mammalian" PEG-uricase was non-immunogenic and effective in preventing uric acid nephropathy in a uricase-deficient strain of mice (Kelly et al, J Am Soc Nephrol 12:1001-09, 2001). It has been licensed to Savient Pharmaceuticals for clinical development, and has received Orphan Drug designation for the treatment of refractory gout by the FDA Office of Orphan Product Development.

In a Phase I trial sponsored by Savient Pharmaceuticals in 24 subjects with symptomatic gout, single intravenous (IV) infusions of 0.5 to 12 mg of PEG-uricase were well tolerated, and at doses of 4 mg to 12 mg, were effective in normalizing plasma and urinary uric acid levels over a 21-day period post-infusion. Some subjects in this trial developed antibodies to PEG-uricase, but the only serious adverse events observed were attacks of gout. The present Phase II clinical trial in subjects with refractory gout will evaluate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of PEG-uricase when administered at a dose of 8 mg by IV infusion once every 3 weeks, for a total of 5 infusions. The primary measure of efficacy will be a reduction in plasma uric acid to less than 6 mg/dL, and reduction in the ratio of uric acid to creatinine in urine to \<0.2. In addition, the ability of PEG-uricase to lower the total uric acid pool size will be evaluated in a subset of treatment subjects. Uric acid pool size will be measured by a method that involves an infusion of uric acid labeled with N15, a stable (non-radioactive) isotope of nitrogen.

Conditions

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Gout

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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pegloticase

All study participants received intravenous pegloticase at dose of 8 mg, administered every 21 days for a maximum of 5 doses.

There was no control group for this open label study.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Pegloticase

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

8 mg of Pegloticase administered IV every 3 weeks; total number of infusions is 5

Interventions

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Pegloticase

8 mg of Pegloticase administered IV every 3 weeks; total number of infusions is 5

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Other Intervention Names

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PEG-uricase PEGylated recombinant mammalian urate oxidase

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age \>18 years
* Symptomatic gout
* Serum uric acid \>7 mg/dL
* Intolerance of, or inadequate response to, conventional therapy for gout
* Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test and must use an approved birth control method

Exclusion Criteria

* End stage renal failure that requires dialysis
* Concurrent use of uric-acid lowering agents
* Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
* A history of anaphylactic reaction to a recombinant protein
* Concurrent use of immunosuppressive therapy (except as needed for prevention of rejection of a transplanted organ, or prednisone at 10 mg a day or less for treatment of gout flares)
* A medical or psychological condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, might create undue risk to the subject

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No