Comparison of Three Different Initial Treatments Without Protease Inhibitors for HIV Infection

NCT ID: NCT00013520

Last Updated: 2012-05-21

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

1125 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Completion Date

2005-06-30

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of 3 anti-HIV combination treatments that do not use protease inhibitors (PIs).

The current rule for starting treatment of HIV infection is to combine members from different classes of anti-HIV drugs, such as 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and either a PI or a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). However, these combinations can be complicated and difficult to take, can cause a number of side effects, and may become ineffective. Combinations that are simpler, better tolerated, and more effective are needed. Because PIs can cause long-term side effects and because HIV can become resistant to many of them at the same time, anti-HIV combination treatments that do not use PIs are being tested.

Detailed Description

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Current treatment guidelines recommend combination regimens of 2 nucleoside analogues with either a PI or an NNRTI for the initial treatment of HIV infection. However, the efficacy of current regimens is limited by their complexity, pharmacokinetic characteristics, short- and long-term side effects, and drug-resistance profiles at the time of virologic failure. Consequently, the identification of new initial regimens that are simpler, better tolerated, preserve treatment options in the event of failure, and improve antiretroviral potency is needed. In addition, recent concern over the long-term toxicities of PIs and the extensive cross-resistance among the available PIs have led to the testing of PI-sparing regimens.

Participants will be in this study for a minimum of 120 weeks and a maximum of approximately 4 years. In Step 1, patients are randomly selected to receive 1 of 3 blinded treatment regimens: abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC)/zidovudine (ZDV)/efavirenz (EFV), ABC/3TC/ZDV, or 3TC/ZDV/EFV. Patients with confirmed virologic failure on Step 1 and two successive plasma HIV RNA levels of 10,000 copies/ml or greater must register to Step 2. Patients with confirmed virologic failure on Step 1 and whose plasma HIV RNA is under 10,000 copies/ml may remain on Step 1 or register to Step 2. \[AS PER AMENDMENT 04/11/03: Discontinuation of Arm B was recommended. Consequently, Arms A and C were unblinded to EFV but not to ABC. A number of options are available for patients originally randomized to Arm B.\]

Step 2 is open label. Regimens include 2 or 3 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in combination with EFV, atazanavir (ATZ), ritonavir-boosted ATZ, or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Patients on Arm B treatment who have an HIV RNA level less than 200 copies/ml within the past 8 weeks are eligible for randomization to open-label intensification of Arm B on Step 3.

Step 3 regimens include ABC/3TC/ZDV plus either EFV or TDF. Patients with evidence of treatment-limiting toxicity to Step 3 study drugs have the option of substituting d4T for ZDV, ddI for ABC or TDF, and/or NVP for EFV. Patients with confirmed virologic failure on Step 3 and whose plasma HIV RNA is less than 10,000 copies/ml may either remain on Step 3 or register to Step 4. Patients with two successive plasma HIV RNA levels of 10,000 copies/ml or greater on Step 3 must register to Step 4.

Step 4 is open label. Regimens include two or three NRTIs plus EFV, ATV, ritonavir-boosted ATV, or TDF. Clinical assessments and laboratory evaluations are done at entry, at Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and then every 8 weeks thereafter for the duration of the study. Evaluations are also required when a protocol-allowed drug substitution is made.

In addition, 3 substudies are being conducted: a neurology substudy for efavirenz, a pharmacology substudy for atazanavir, and a viral dynamics substudy.

Conditions

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HIV Infections

Study Design

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Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Interventions

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Abacavir sulfate, Lamivudine and Zidovudine

Intervention Type DRUG

Atazanavir

Intervention Type DRUG

Lamivudine/Zidovudine

Intervention Type DRUG

Abacavir sulfate

Intervention Type DRUG

Efavirenz

Intervention Type DRUG

Nevirapine

Intervention Type DRUG

Lamivudine

Intervention Type DRUG

Stavudine

Intervention Type DRUG

Zidovudine

Intervention Type DRUG

Didanosine

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Patients may be eligible for this study if they:

* Are HIV-positive.
* Have a viral load of at least 400 copies/ml within 90 days prior to study entry.
* Are at least 16 years old.
* Weigh at least 40 kg.
* Have a negative pregnancy test within 48 hours before starting study drugs, if female and able to have children.
* Agree to use 2 effective methods of birth control while taking, and for 3 months after stopping, the study medications.
* Provide written consent of a parent or guardian, if under 18 years of age.

Exclusion Criteria

Patients will not be eligible for this study if they:

* Have taken anti-HIV drugs in the past.
* Are allergic to any of the study drugs or ingredients.
* Are pregnant or breast-feeding.
* Have taken any of the following drugs within 14 days prior to study entry: amiodarone, astemizole, bepridil, cisapride, ergot or ergot derivatives, systemic itraconazole, systemic ketoconazole, midazolam, propoxyphene, quinidine, rifampin, terfenadine, thalidomide, triazolam, or St. John's wort.
* Have taken drugs that influence the immune system, HIV or other vaccines, or investigational drugs within 30 days prior to study entry. Prednisone at a dose of 10 mg or less daily is allowed.
* Have taken drugs or been hospitalized for serious infections or medical illnesses within 14 days prior to study entry.
* Have growths or tumors that require drug therapy.
* Have Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia that is not clinically stable and whose treatment is not completed at least 7 days prior to study entry.
* Have infections or medical illnesses that are not under control or that have not received complete treatment before study entry.
* Have any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would prevent them from properly participating in the study.
* Abuse drugs or alcohol.
* This study has been updated to exclude patients who are receiving systemic itraconazole and rifabutin.
Minimum Eligible Age

16 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Roy Gulick, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Cecilia Shikuma, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Locations

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Alabama Therapeutics CRS

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Site Status

USC CRS

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

UCLA CARE Center CRS

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

Stanford CRS

Palo Alto, California, United States

Site Status

UC Davis Medical Center

Sacramento, California, United States

Site Status

Univ. of California Davis Med. Ctr., ACTU

Sacramento, California, United States

Site Status

Ucsd, Avrc Crs

San Diego, California, United States

Site Status

Ucsf Aids Crs

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status

Santa Clara Valley Med. Ctr.

San Jose, California, United States

Site Status

San Mateo County AIDS Program

San Mateo, California, United States

Site Status

Willow Clinic A0507 CRS

San Mateo, California, United States

Site Status

Harbor-UCLA Med. Ctr. CRS

Torrance, California, United States

Site Status

University of Colorado Hospital CRS

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Georgetown University CRS (GU CRS)

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Miami AIDS CRS

Miami, Florida, United States

Site Status

The Ponce de Leon Ctr. CRS

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Leahi Hosp.

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Site Status

Northwestern University CRS

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Rush Univ. Med. Ctr. ACTG CRS

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Cook County Hosp. CORE Ctr.

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Clinic

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Wishard Memorial

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Methodist Hosp. of Indiana

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Iowa Healthcare, Div. of Infectious Diseases

Iowa City, Iowa, United States

Site Status

Johns Hopkins Adult AIDS CRS

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Massachusetts General Hospital ACTG CRS

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Bmc Actg Crs

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ctr., ACTG CRS

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

Brigham and Women's Hosp. ACTG CRS

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

SSTAR, Family Healthcare Ctr.

Fall River, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status

University of Minnesota, ACTU

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

St. Louis ConnectCare, Infectious Diseases Clinic

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status

Washington U CRS

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Nebraska Med. Ctr., Durham Outpatient Ctr.

Omaha, Nebraska, United States

Site Status

SUNY - Buffalo, Erie County Medical Ctr.

Buffalo, New York, United States

Site Status

Beth Israel Med. Ctr., ACTU

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Weill Med. College of Cornell Univ., The Cornell CTU

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

NY Univ. HIV/AIDS CRS

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Cornell CRS

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Columbia Univ., HIV Prevention and Treatment Medical Ctr.

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

HIV Prevention & Treatment CRS

New York, New York, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Rochester ACTG CRS

Rochester, New York, United States

Site Status

AIDS Care CRS

Rochester, New York, United States

Site Status

McCree McCuller Wellness Ctr. at the Connection, Infectious Disease Unit

Rochester, New York, United States

Site Status

Unc Aids Crs

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Duke Univ. Med. Ctr. Adult CRS

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Regional Center for Infectious Disease, Wendover Medical Center CRS

Greensboro, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Cincinnati CRS

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Case CRS

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

MetroHealth CRS

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status

The Ohio State Univ. AIDS CRS

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Philadelphia Veterans Admin. Med. Ctr. A6205 CRS

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Univ. of Pennsylvania Health System, Presbyterian Med. Ctr.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Hosp. of the Univ. of Pennsylvania CRS

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

Pitt CRS

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status

The Miriam Hosp. ACTG CRS

Providence, Rhode Island, United States

Site Status

Rhode Island Hosp.

Providence, Rhode Island, United States

Site Status

Vanderbilt Therapeutics CRS

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Site Status

University of Washington AIDS CRS

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

Puerto Rico-AIDS CRS

San Juan, , Puerto Rico

Site Status

Countries

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United States Puerto Rico

References

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H Ribaudo, D Clifford, R Gulick, C Shikuma, K Klingman, S Snyder, and E Acosta. Relationships between Efavirenz Pharmacokinetics, Side Effects, Drug Discontinuation, Virologic Response, and Race: Results from ACTG A5095/A5097s. CROI 2004. Abstract 132.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Feinberg J. Meeting notes from the 2nd International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment. Trizivir vs. efavirenz: results from ACTG 5095. AIDS Clin Care. 2003 Sep;15(9):78-9.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 14669723 (View on PubMed)

Gulick RM, Ribaudo HJ, Shikuma CM, Lustgarten S, Squires KE, Meyer WA 3rd, Acosta EP, Schackman BR, Pilcher CD, Murphy RL, Maher WE, Witt MD, Reichman RC, Snyder S, Klingman KL, Kuritzkes DR; AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5095 Team. Triple-nucleoside regimens versus efavirenz-containing regimens for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2004 Apr 29;350(18):1850-61. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa031772.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 15115831 (View on PubMed)

Clifford DB, Evans S, Yang Y, Acosta EP, Goodkin K, Tashima K, Simpson D, Dorfman D, Ribaudo H, Gulick RM. Impact of efavirenz on neuropsychological performance and symptoms in HIV-infected individuals. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Nov 15;143(10):714-21. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-143-10-200511150-00008.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16287792 (View on PubMed)

Gulick RM, Ribaudo HJ, Shikuma CM, Lalama C, Schackman BR, Meyer WA 3rd, Acosta EP, Schouten J, Squires KE, Pilcher CD, Murphy RL, Koletar SL, Carlson M, Reichman RC, Bastow B, Klingman KL, Kuritzkes DR; AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5095 Study Team. Three- vs four-drug antiretroviral regimens for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006 Aug 16;296(7):769-81. doi: 10.1001/jama.296.7.769.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16905783 (View on PubMed)

Ribaudo HJ, Kuritzkes DR, Schackman BR, Acosta EP, Shikuma CM, Gulick RM. Design issues in initial HIV-treatment trials: focus on ACTG A5095. Antivir Ther. 2006;11(6):751-60.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17310819 (View on PubMed)

Kuritzkes DR, Ribaudo HJ, Squires KE, Koletar SL, Santana J, Riddler SA, Reichman R, Shikuma C, Meyer WA 3rd, Klingman KL, Gulick RM; ACTG A5166s Protocol Team. Plasma HIV-1 RNA dynamics in antiretroviral-naive subjects receiving either triple-nucleoside or efavirenz-containing regimens: ACTG A5166s. J Infect Dis. 2007 Apr 15;195(8):1169-76. doi: 10.1086/512619. Epub 2007 Mar 6.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17357053 (View on PubMed)

Schackman BR, Ribaudo HJ, Krambrink A, Hughes V, Kuritzkes DR, Gulick RM. Racial differences in virologic failure associated with adherence and quality of life on efavirenz-containing regimens for initial HIV therapy: results of ACTG A5095. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Dec 15;46(5):547-54. doi: 10.1097/qai.0b013e31815ac499.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 18193496 (View on PubMed)

Paredes R, Lalama CM, Ribaudo HJ, Schackman BR, Shikuma C, Giguel F, Meyer WA 3rd, Johnson VA, Fiscus SA, D'Aquila RT, Gulick RM, Kuritzkes DR; AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5095 Study Team. Pre-existing minority drug-resistant HIV-1 variants, adherence, and risk of antiretroviral treatment failure. J Infect Dis. 2010 Mar;201(5):662-71. doi: 10.1086/650543.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20102271 (View on PubMed)

Li B, Veturi Y, Verma A, Bradford Y, Daar ES, Gulick RM, Riddler SA, Robbins GK, Lennox JL, Haas DW, Ritchie MD. Tissue specificity-aware TWAS (TSA-TWAS) framework identifies novel associations with metabolic, immunologic, and virologic traits in HIV-positive adults. PLoS Genet. 2021 Apr 26;17(4):e1009464. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009464. eCollection 2021 Apr.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 33901188 (View on PubMed)

Leonard MA, Cindi Z, Bradford Y, Bourgi K, Koethe J, Turner M, Norwood J, Woodward B, Erdem H, Basham R, Baker P, Rebeiro PF, Sterling TR, Hulgan T, Daar ES, Gulick R, Riddler SA, Sinxadi P, Ritchie MD, Haas DW. Efavirenz Pharmacogenetics and Weight Gain Following Switch to Integrase Inhibitor-Containing Regimens. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5;73(7):e2153-e2163. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1219.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 32829410 (View on PubMed)

Mollan KR, Smurzynski M, Eron JJ, Daar ES, Campbell TB, Sax PE, Gulick RM, Na L, O'Keefe L, Robertson KR, Tierney C. Association between efavirenz as initial therapy for HIV-1 infection and increased risk for suicidal ideation or attempted or completed suicide: an analysis of trial data. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Jul 1;161(1):1-10. doi: 10.7326/M14-0293.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 24979445 (View on PubMed)

Lok JJ, Hunt PW, Collier AC, Benson CA, Witt MD, Luque AE, Deeks SG, Bosch RJ. The impact of age on the prognostic capacity of CD8+ T-cell activation during suppressive antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2013 Aug 24;27(13):2101-10. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32836191b1.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 24326304 (View on PubMed)

Schouten JT, Krambrink A, Ribaudo HJ, Kmack A, Webb N, Shikuma C, Kuritzkes DR, Gulick RM. Substitution of nevirapine because of efavirenz toxicity in AIDS clinical trials group A5095. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Mar 1;50(5):787-91. doi: 10.1086/650539.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 20121419 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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10212

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

ACTG A5095

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

AACTG A5095

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Substudy ACTG A5097s

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Substudy AACTG 5107s

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Substudy AACTG 5166s

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Substudy ACTG A5166s

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Substudy AACTG 5097s

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Substudy ACTG A5107s

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

5K24AI051966-03

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

A5095

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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